In an attempt to overcome the problem of incompatibility between different versions of COBOL, the American National Standards Institute ( ANSI ) developed a standard form of the language in 1968.

Interest in a standard began to grow, and Charles Bachman, author of one such product, the Integrated Data Store ( IDS ), founded the " Database Task Group " within CODASYL, the group responsible for the creation and standardization of COBOL.

This type of optimizer, recently sometimes referred to as a " post pass " optimizer or peephole optimizer, depended, in this case, upon knowledge of ' weaknesses ' in the standard IBM COBOL compiler and actually replaced ( or patched ) sections of the object code with more efficient code.

The earliest high-level programming languages, including FORTRAN ( 1957 ), COBOL ( 1960 ), and ALGOL 60 ( 1960 ), had support for multi-dimensional arrays, and so has C ( 1972 ).

Fujitsu and Micro Focus currently support object-oriented COBOL compilers targeting the. NET framework .< ref >

IBSYS was a " heavy duty " production operating system with numerous subsystem and language support options, among them FORTRAN, COBOL, SORT / MERGE, the MAP assembler, and others.

COBOL and PL / I support were added years later.

Many CICS application programs continued to be written in assembler language, even after COBOL and PL / I support became available.

COBOL was the first widespread programming language to support record types, and its record definition facilities were quite sophisticated at the time.

Languages that formally support the module concept include Ada, Algol, BlitzMax, COBOL, Component Pascal, D, Erlang, F, Fortran, Haskell, IBM / 360 Assembler, IBM RPG, Java ( packages are considered modules in the JLS ), MATLAB, ML, Modula-2, Modula-3, Morpho, Oberon, NEWP, OCaml, Pascal, Perl, PL / I, Python, and Ruby.

Other instructions were designed to support the internal data structures and operations of programming languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL, and PL / I.

Separate additional products were also available, including COBOL and Fortran compilers, the Distributed Transaction Management System ( DTMS ), Command Facilities Extensions ( CFE ), which provided easy support for full-screen applications, Data Stream Capability ( DSC ) to allow DPPX users to log on to applications on the mainframe, and Performance Tool ( PT ).

EGL applications and services are written, tested and debugged at the EGL source level, and once they are satisfactorily functionally tested they can be compiled into COBOL, Java, or JavaScript code to support deployment of business applications that can run in any of the following environments:

VOS provides compilers for PL / I, COBOL, Pascal, FORTRAN, VOS C, BASIC, and C ++.. Each of these programming languages can make VOS system calls ( e. g. to read a record from a file ), and has extensions to support varying-length strings in PL / I style.

For example, DB2 UDB, COBOL, PL / I, Java and the IBM XML toolkit support UTF-16 on IBM mainframes.

Before VAX BASIC ( as it was then called ), you would only get native RMS support in DEC's COBOL compiler.

The initial COBOL compiler supported the ANSI 68 specification and supported the ENTER SYMBOLIC syntax to allow inline assembler coding, but lacked support for RELATIVE and INDEXED file support ; these were later added into the ANSI 74 version of the compiler, which was released in 1982.

* ESQL / C: Embedded SQL ( also known as E-SQL or ESQL / C ) is a way of using SQL when programming in Visual C. Microsoft dropped support for this after SQL Server 6. 5 was released, though they did license some of the ESQL / C run-time environment to a company called Micro Focus, who develops COBOL compilers and tools

The data entry was either described in several tables that specified the format of the input record with optional automatic data validation procedures or the indexed file operations were programmed in a special COBOL dialect with IDX and SEQ file support.

The subcommittee completed the specifications for COBOL in December 1959.

The first compilers for COBOL were subsequently implemented in 1960, and on December 6 and 7, essentially the same COBOL program ran on two different computer makes, an RCA computer and a Remington-Rand Univac computer, demonstrating that compatibility could be achieved.

Later, IBM provided compilers for the newly developed higher-level programming languages Fortran and COBOL.

The KSR-1 and-2 supported Micro Focus COBOL and C / C ++ programming languages, and the Oracle PRDBMS and the MATISSE OODBMS from ADB, Inc. Their own product, the KSR Query Decomposer, complemented the functions of the Oracle product for SQL uses.

Users of LEO computers programmed in two coding languages: Intercode, a low-level assembler type language ; and CLEO ( acronym: Clear Language for Expressing Orders ), the COBOL equivalent.

These interpreters presented different virtual machines for COBOL, Fortran, etc.

These principles inevitably resulted in a large language which would need compilers substantially more complex than those for COBOL or Fortran.

COBOL, for example, is commonly used for business applications that typically run on mainframe and midrange computers, whereas Fortran is used in science and engineering.

* DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit ( Implements large-scale refactoring for C, C ++, C #, COBOL, Java, PHP and other languages )

It is also the date from which ANSI dates are counted and were adopted by the American National Standards Institute for use with COBOL and other computer languages.

Programming languages available for the AS / 400 include RPG, assembly language, C, C ++, Pascal, Java, EGL, Perl, Smalltalk, COBOL, SQL, BASIC, PHP, PL / I, Python and REXX.

Standard mappings exist for Ada, C, C ++, Lisp, Ruby, Smalltalk, Java, COBOL, PL / I and Python.

Threaded code is best known as the implementation technique commonly used in some programming languages, such as Forth, many implementations of BASIC, some implementations of COBOL, early versions of B, and other languages for small minicomputers and amateur radio satellites.

* OLIVER and SIMON include disassemblers for Assembler, COBOL, and PL / 1

* in Fortran-family and COBOL languages, they are also used for array references

Jackson's aim was to make COBOL batch file processing programs easier to modify and maintain, but the method can be used to design programs for any programming language that has structured control constructs, languages such as C, Java and Perl.

It was the compute engine for the 399 and 499 accounting machines, several generations of in-store and in-bank controllers, and the 82xx / 90xx IMOS COBOL systems.

DR produced a selection of programming language compilers and interpreters for their OS-supported platforms, including C, Pascal, COBOL, Forth, PL / I, PL / M, BASIC, and Logo.

* The introduction of PL / I resulting in COBOL and FORTRAN becoming the de facto standards for scientific and business programming

Compilers for FORTRAN IV and COBOL were added later.

Like the C ++ and Java programming languages, object-oriented COBOL compilers are available even as the language moves toward standardization.

A function pointer ( or subroutine pointer ) is a type of pointer supported by third-generation programming languages ( such as PL / I, COBOL, Fortran 2003, dBASE dBL, and C ) and object-oriented programming languages ( such as C ++ and D ).