Calhoun proposed the theory of a concurrent majority through the doctrine of nullification —- " the right of a State to interpose, in the last resort, in order to arrest an unconstitutional act of the General Government, within its limits.

Calhoun had earlier suggested that the doctrine of nullification could lead to secession.

In the 1840s three interpretations of the Constitutional powers of Congress to deal with slavery in territories emerged: the " free-soil doctrine ," the " Calhoun doctrine ," and " popular sovereignty ".

Nationalists such as Calhoun were forced by the increasing power of such leaders to retreat from their previous positions and adopt, in the words of Ellis, " an even more extreme version of the states ' rights doctrine " in order to maintain political significance within South Carolina.

This veto, the core of the doctrine of nullification, was explained by Calhoun in the Exposition:

Calhoun ’ s “ Exposition and Protest ” did start a national debate over the doctrine of nullification.

This veto, the core of the doctrine of nullification, was explained by Calhoun in the Exposition:

During the first part of the 19th century, John C. Calhoun of South Carolina revived and expounded upon the concurrent majority doctrine.

After another protective Tariff of 1832 was passed instead of a repeal of the 1828 tariff, Calhoun attempted to fight both with the doctrine of nullification.

In 1828, Calhoun decided upon the primacy of " states ' rights ", a doctrine which he would support for the rest of his life.

" As historian William J. Cooper noted, " For the Calhounites in Virginia, replacing Van Buren with Barbour would achieve two desired goals: eliminate the man they designated as the great enemy both of Calhoun and of the Virginia doctrine as well as symbolize the political resurgence of Virginia.

To guard against the tyranny of a numerical majority, Calhoun developed his theory of `` concurrent majority '', which, he said, `` by giving to each portion of the community which may be unequally affected by the action of government, a negative on the others, prevents all partial or local legislation ''.

Adams said slavery contradicted the principles of republicanism, while Calhoun said that slavery was essential to American democracy, for it made all white men equal.

An observer commented that Calhoun was " the most elegant speaker that sits in the House ... His gestures are easy and graceful, his manner forcible, and language elegant ; but above all, he confines himself closely to the subject, which he always understands, and enlightens everyone within hearing ; having said all that a statesman should say, he is done.

The tribe ’ s spiritual leader, Walker Calhoun, said in 1995 that “ gambling would be the Cherokee ’ s damnation .”

Calhoun ’ s hip fracture could be a factor at the start of his 41st season on the bench, but likely would not prevent him from a return to coaching, a prominent orthopedic surgeon said Monday.

A example of his interview style prior to an upcoming bout between the Sheik and Haystacks Calhoun Abdullah Farouk looked into the camera and said " Ashes to Ashes Dust to Dust if the camel clutch doesn't get you Calhoun the Fire Must " alluding to The Sheik's ability to toss fireballs

Calhoun said the states had the right to nullify, or veto, any laws that were inconsistent with the compact.

An angry public elected a “ war hawk ” Congress, led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.

Calhoun further aggravated the President in the summer of 1831 when he issued his " Fort Hill Letter ", in which he outlined the constitutional basis for a state's ability to nullify an act of Congress.

When the Senate could not muster a two-thirds vote to pass a treaty of annexation with Texas, Calhoun devised a joint resolution of the Houses of Congress, requiring only a simple majority ; Texas joined the Union.

* John C. Calhoun: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress

The treaty reduced tensions with Spain ( and after 1821 Mexico ), and allowed budget cutters in Congress to reduce the army budget and reject the plans to modernize and expand the army proposed by Secretary of War John C. Calhoun.

Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun reorganized the department into a system of bureaus, whose chiefs held office for life, and a commanding general in the field, although the Congress did not authorize this position.

Calhoun set up the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1824, the main agency within the War Department for dealing with Native Americans until 1849, when the Congress transferred it to the newly founded Department of the Interior.

The current Bureau of Indian Affairs was formed on March 11, 1824, by Secretary of War John C. Calhoun, who created the agency as a division within his department, without authorization from the United States Congress.

He was born in Virginia, studied medicine in Baltimore, Maryland ; moved to Howard County, Missouri, and settled near Glasgow, Missouri ; engaged in the practice of medicine ; studied theology ; was ordained to the ministry and became a Methodist minister in that locality ; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Missouri ; presidential elector on the ticket of Jackson and Calhoun in 1828 ; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian candidate to the Twenty-third Congress ( March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835 ); resumed his ministerial duties and also the practice of medicine ; died near Rothville, Missouri, Chariton County, Missouri, in February 1863 ; interment in Hutcheson Cemetery, a family burial ground, near Rothville.

Shortly after the Force Bill was passed through Congress, Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun proposed The Tariff of 1833, also known as the Compromise Tariff, to resolve the Nullification Crisis.

Within six months, questions were raised by the press and Congress about mismanagement and corruption when Lance was Chairman of the Board of Calhoun First National Bank of Georgia.

Calhoun proposed that Congress should not exclude slavery from territories but let each state choose for itself whether it would allow slaves within its borders.

Calhoun outlined the principles of the party in his South Carolina Exposition and Protest ( 1828 ), a reaction to the " Tariff of Abominations " passed by Congress and signed into law by President John Quincy Adams.

A Vice President could even serve under different administrations, as George Clinton and John C. Calhoun have done.

Nicknamed the " cast-iron man " for his ideological rigidity as well as for his determination to defend the causes he believed in, Calhoun supported states ' rights and nullification, under which states could declare null and void federal laws which they viewed unconstitutional.

With the goal of building a strong nation that could fight future wars, Calhoun aggressively pushed for protective tariffs ( to build up industry ), a national bank, internal improvements ( such as canals and ports ), and other nationalist policies that he later repudiated.

Calhoun proposed an expansible army similar to that of France under Napoleon, whereby a basic cadre of 6, 000 officers and men could be expanded into 11, 000 without adding additional officers or companies.

However the nation was satisfied by the diplomacy that produced the Convention of 1818 with Britain and the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 with Spain, the need for a large army disappeared, and Calhoun could not prevent cutbacks in 1821.

In his 1828 essay " South Carolina Exposition and Protest ", Calhoun argued that a state could veto any law it considered unconstitutional.

" Calhoun rejected the belief of Southern Whigs such as Henry Clay that all Americans could agree on the " opinion and feeling " that slavery was wrong, although they might disagree on the most practicable way to respond to that great wrong.

On July 14, 1832, after Calhoun had resigned his office in order to run for the Senate where he could more effectively defend nullification, Jackson signed into law the Tariff of 1832.

The Diameter protocol was initially developed by Pat R. Calhoun, Glen Zorn, and Ping Pan in 1998 to provide an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting ( AAA ) framework that could overcome the limitations of RADIUS.

Regardless, Calhoun first broke into the sport in 1955 ; and he began competing for local promoter ( and the inaugural National Wrestling Alliance World Champion ) Orville Brown, who recognized how a behemoth of his size could become a major box office attraction for a sport that was in great need of added popularity.

Calhoun and the city council protested this order, claiming that most of those who had not fled could not leave on account of their age, sickness, pregnancy, or destitution.

Both Calhoun and Robert Barnwell Rhett foresaw that the same arguments could be used to defend slavery when necessary.

John C. Calhoun noted that the dry and barren West could not support a plantation system and would remain slaveless.

Started by John C. Calhoun, it was a states ' rights party that supported the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, holding that States could nullify federal laws within their borders.