The Almoravids were crucial in avoiding a precipitated fall of Al-Andalus to the Iberian Christian kingdoms, when they decisively beat a coalition of the Castilian and Aragonese armies at the Battle of Sagrajas.

Yusuf did not reconquer much from the Christian kingdoms, except Valencia, but he did slow down the reconquista by uniting al-Andalus.

A number of at least partly neo-Assyrian kingdoms existed in the area between in the late classical and early Christian period also ; Adiabene, Hatra and Osroene.

During the first 20 years of his rule, Abd ar-Rahman avoided military action against the northern Christian kingdoms, Asturias and Navarre.

Jafar, after two years of siege, escaped the city to ask for help in the northern Christian kingdoms.

Christian commentators have not always identified the same kingdoms in each chapter though.

The second period was characterized by the Spanish attempts to reimpose arbitrary rule during the period known as the Reconquista of 1814 – 1817 (" Reconquest ": the term echoes the Reconquista in which the Christian kingdoms retook Iberia from the Muslims ).

* 1274-The second Nasrid king, Muhammed II al-Faqih, gave Gibraltar over to the Marinids, as payment for their help against the Christian kingdoms.

Meanwhile the Christian kingdoms in the north began the long and slow recovery of the peninsula, a process called the Reconquista, which was concluded in 1492 with the fall of Granada.

The Christian kingdoms of Iberia and the Islamic Almohad empire c. 1210

Meanwhile, a slow but steady migration of Christian subjects to the northern kingdoms in Christian Hispania was slowly increasing the latter's power.

Even so, Al-Andalus remained vastly superior to all the northern kingdoms combined in population, economy and military might ; and internal conflict between the Christian kingdoms contributed to keep them relatively harmless.

The Taifa kingdoms lost ground to the Christian realms in the north and, after the loss of Toledo in 1085, the Muslim rulers reluctantly invited the Almoravides, who invaded Al-Andalus from North Africa and established an empire.

In the 12th century the Almoravid empire broke up again, only to be taken over by the Almohad invasion, who were defeated by an alliance of the Christian kingdoms in the decisive battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

The treatment towards Jews at this time in Iberia varied greatly between and within the different Muslim and Christian kingdoms.

In the 13th century, many languages were spoken in the Christian kingdoms of Iberia.

In the 15th century, the most important among all of the separate Christian kingdoms that made up the old Hispania were the Kingdom of Castile ( occupying northern and central portions of the Iberian Peninsula ) the Crown of Aragon ( occupying northeastern portions of the peninsula ) and the kingdom of Portugal occupying western iberian peninsula.

Although until the 13th century religious minorities ( Jews and Muslims ) had enjoyed considerable tolerance in Castilla and Aragon – the only Christian kingdoms where Jews were not restricted from any professional occupation – the situation of the Jews collapsed over the 14th century, reaching a climax in 1391 with large scale massacres in every major city except Ávila.

In 1217, Alfonso had captured the Kingdom of Murcia, on the Mediterranean coast south of Valencia, for his father, King Alfonso IX, thereby unifying the kingdoms of Castile and León, bringing together the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula under one Christian throne.

With the Christian re-conquest of the Peninsula underway, inroads into Islamic territories were successfully incorporating lands previously held by the taifa kingdoms.

The official starting point for the Northern Crusades was Pope Celestine III's call in 1193 ; but the Christian kingdoms of Scandinavia and the Holy Roman Empire had begun moving to subjugate their pagan neighbors even earlier.

The Christian kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden were also greedy for conquests on the Eastern shores of the Baltic.

Andalusian so-called Algerian classical music is a musical style that was reported in Algeria by Andalusian refugees who fled the inquisition of the Christian Kings from the 11th century, it will develop considerably in the cities of the North of the Algeria.

The first book gives a history from 788 onwards of the Church in Hamburg-Bremen, and the Christian mission in the North.

The relation between electric current, magnetic fields and physical forces was first noted by Hans Christian Ørsted who, in 1820, observed a compass needle was deflected from pointing North when a current flowed in an adjacent wire.

One of the earliest Christian martyrs in North America was Saint Peter the Aleut.

Eero Saarinen's North Christian Church is an example of modern architecture in Columbus.

* North Christian Church was designed by Eero Saarinen and held its first worship in 1964.

Some Christian groups focus on simply refraining from gay sex, such as Courage International and North Star.

— " brethren in Christ ") are a Christian group that developed in the United Kingdom and North America in the 19th century.

One of the first prominent countercult apologists was Jan Karel van Baalen ( 1890 – 1968 ), an ordained minister in the Christian Reformed Church in North America.

The Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in North America.

He suggested that it was not a papal banner to the King but a papal banner to the Churchly legate in the North, more specifically to archbishop Andreas Sunesøn, which he – without the knowledge of the King – brought with him on the King's crusade in the Baltic countries, in an effort to make the army take on a Christian symbol ( over the king's symbol ) and thereby strengthen the power of the church.

* Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America

Gary Kilgore North ( born February 1942 ) is an economic historian and publisher who prolifically writes on topics including economics, history, and Christian theology.

North is the founder of the publishing firm Institute for Christian Economics ( ICE ).

Rousas John Rushdoony, one of the founders of Christian Reconstructionism, was North's father-in-law, and North is a Christian Reconstructionist.

A portion of his relics are enshrined at the St. Ignatius Chapel at the Antiochan Village in Pennsylvania, the headquarters of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America, where he is regarded as one of their patron saints.

* 1900 – Boxer Rebellion: The Governor of Shanxi province in North China orders the execution of 45 foreign Christian missionaries and local church members, including children.

It became the base for Christian evangelising in the North of England and also sent a successful mission to Mercia.

In the late 19th century, the Social Gospel movement arose ( particularly among some Anglicans, Lutherans, Methodists and Baptists in North America and Britain ,) which attempted to integrate progressive and socialist thought with Christianity in faith-based social activism, promoted by movements such as Christian Socialism.

* On North Korea's streets, pink and tangerine buses, Christian Science Monitor, June 2, 2005

* Tyrrell, Ian ; Woman's World / Woman's Empire: The Woman's Christian Temperance Union in International Perspective, 1880-1930 U of North Carolina Press, ( 1991 )