In addition, a 2010 Cochrane Collaboration review of trials of Risperidone, one of the biggest selling antipsychotics and the first of the new generation to become available in generic form, found only marginal benefit compared with placebo and that, despite its widespread use, evidence remains limited, poorly reported and probably biased in favor of risperidone due to pharmaceutical company funding of trials.

A 2006 Cochrane Collaboration review of controlled trials of antipsychotics in old age dementia reported that one or two of the drugs showed a modest benefit compared to placebo in managing aggression or psychosis, but that this was combined with a significant increase in serious adverse events.

A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration found no studies of sufficient quality to make any statement on the efficacy of the vaccine.

A review of all randomized controlled trials in the scientific literature by the Cochrane Collaboration published in JAMA in 2007 found that β-carotene increased mortality by something between 1 and 8 % ( Relative Risk 1. 05, 95 % confidence interval 1. 01-1. 08 ).

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by the international Cochrane Collaboration in 2002 concluded that fat-restricted diets are no better than calorie restricted diets in achieving long term weight loss in overweight or obese people.

" This definition, put forward by one of the original proponents of evidence-based medicine, has since been adopted by major organizations, including the Cochrane Collaboration and the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine.

The Cochrane Collaboration is one of the best-known, respected examples of systematic reviews.

A 2007 analysis of 1016 systematic reviews from all 50 Cochrane Collaboration Review Groups found that 44 % of the reviews concluded that the intervention was " likely to be beneficial ", 7 % concluded that the intervention was " likely to be harmful ", and 49 % concluded that evidence " did not support either benefit or harm ".

Cochrane's work was honoured through the naming of centres of evidence-based medical research — Cochrane Centres — and an international organization, the Cochrane Collaboration.

Alternative or complementary medicine, including acupuncture, psychological interventions, vitamins and yoga, was evaluated in a number of systematic reviews by the Cochrane Collaboration into treatments for epilepsy, and found there is no reliable evidence to support the use of these as treatments for epilepsy.

In 2005 and in 2007, systematic reviews from the Cochrane Collaboration showed no proper evidence that hypnotherapy was useful in the treatment of smoking addiction or in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS )

According to a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration, the best evidence in the treatment of LEMS exists for 3, 4-aminopyridine and IVIG.

Consequently, a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration ( published in 2008 ) found insufficient evidence to recommend the use of silver-treated dressings to treat infected wounds.

Unfortunately, results are occasionally wrong, producing a false positive ( the Cochrane Collaboration is a relevant effort to improve the reliability of health care trials ).

A Cochrane Collaboration review concluded sclerotherapy was better than surgery in the short term ( 1 year ) for its treatment success, complication rate and cost, but surgery was better after 5 years, although the research is weak.

A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration found no studies of sufficient quality to make any statement on the efficacy of the vaccine.

The Cochrane Collaboration, a group of evidence-based medicine ( EBM ) reviewers, reviewed the use of P6 for nausea and vomiting, and found it to be effective for reducing post-operative nausea, but not vomiting.

A Cochrane Collaboration review found that massage provided some long-term benefit for low back pain, and said: It seems that acupressure or pressure point massage techniques provide more relief than classic ( Swedish ) massage, although more research is needed to confirm this.

On systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration, randomized controlled trials have shown a trend towards improving pregnancy rates with pentoxifylline treatment ( odds ratio of 1. 54, 95 % CI 0. 89-2. 66 ) and a decreasing trend in pain scores with treatment ( mean difference-1. 60, 95 % CI-3. 32-0. 12 ).

A review of all randomized controlled trials in the scientific literature by the Cochrane Collaboration published in JAMA in 2007 found that supplementation with beta-carotene or vitamin increased mortality by 5 % and 16 %, respectively.

Here it is convenient to follow the terminology used by the Cochrane Collaboration, and use " meta-analysis " to refer to statistical methods of combining evidence, leaving other aspects of ' research synthesis ' or ' evidence synthesis ', such as combining information from qualitative studies, for the more general context of systematic reviews.

* Revman A free software for meta-analysis and preparation of cochrane protocols and review available from the Cochrane Collaboration

Meta-analysis by the independent Cochrane Collaboration indicated that sertraline is more effective for the treatment of depression than fluoxetine ( Prozac ), with a 1. 4 times higher probability of response, and is possibly better tolerated.

A meta-analysis of 26 studies in 2007 by the Cochrane Collaboration found that most of these studies were small and of poor quality, and that generally these 26 studies indicated that the treatments did not promote wound healing or prevent wound infections.

Recombinant activated protein C ( drotrecogin alpha ) in a 2011 Cochrane review was found not to decrease mortality, but to only increase adverse events, and thus was not recommended for use.

The university's president and vice chancellor is Professor Dawn Russell as of July 1, 2011, replacing former interim president and vice chancellor Dennis Cochrane.

A 2009 review found that the evidence supporting the effectiveness of zinc is mixed with respect to cough, and a 2011 Cochrane review concluded that zinc " administered within 24 hours of onset of symptoms reduces the duration and severity of the common cold in healthy people ".

A 2011 Cochrane review of 15 studies ( 13 of which had been sponsored by Pfizer ) found that varenicline was significantly superior to bupropion at one year but that varenicline and nicotine patches produced the same level of abstinence at 24 weeks.

" A meta-analysis published in 2009, a Cochrane review published in 2010, and a 2011 systematic review found the evidence base for such interventions weak.

* Recombinant activated protein C ( drotrecogin alpha ) in a 2011 Cochrane review was found not to decrease mortality and thus was not recommended for use.

In the summer of 2011 manager Steve Housham decided to leave Brigg for a full-time position with Gainsborough Trinity and after a lengthy interview process ex lincoln City manager Pete Daniel was appointed to the post with club captain Lee Roy Cochrane as his assistant.

In a 2011 Cochrane review which included 38 randomized controlled studies involving 9658 women, wherein all but five studies compared epidural analgesia with opiates, epidural analgesia in childbirth was associated with the following advantages and disadvantages:

In the 2011 Census, the Town of Cochrane had a population of 17, 580 living in 6, 523 of its 6, 824 total dwellings, a 27. 8 % change from its 2006 population of 13, 760.

Cochrane spent the 2011 season with New England.

A 2011 Cochrane review however found that its use cannot be recommended as it does not improve survival ( and increases bleeding risk ).

In May 2011, Clifford Chance opened offices in Australia by merging with two M & A boutique law firms, Sydney-based Chang, Pistilli & Simmons and Perth-based Cochrane Lishman Carson Luscombe.

Drotrecogin alfa does not improve mortality in severe sepsis or septic shock but does increase bleeding risks therefore a 2011 Cochrane review recommended that clinicians and policy makers not recommend its use.

An unrelated radio station, New 102. 1 owned by Cochrane Christian Radio to operate a new English language Christian radio station at Cochrane on 102. 1 MHz received CRTC approval on April 18, 2011.

In November 2011 Cardiff University ’ s School of Medicine officially opened the Cochrane Building, a health education centre offering students the latest teaching, library and state-of-the-art simulation facilities.

A 2001 review of 160 Cochrane systematic reviews ( excluding complementary treatments ) in the 1998 database revealed that, according to two readers, 41. 3 % concluded positive or possibly positive effect, 20 % concluded evidence of no effect, 8. 1 % concluded net harmful effects, and 21. 3 % of the reviews concluded insufficient evidence.

A review of 145 alternative medicine Cochrane reviews using the 2004 database revealed that 38. 4 % concluded positive effect or possibly positive ( 12. 4 %) effect, 4. 8 % concluded no effect, 0. 69 % concluded harmful effect, and 56. 6 % concluded insufficient evidence.

* Topiramate ( Topamax ) is not FDA approved for bipolar disorder, either ; and a 2006 Cochrane review concluded that there is insufficient evidence on which to base any recommendations regarding the use of topiramate in any phase of bipolar illness.

A 2012 Cochrane review of 43 clinical trials that included 190, 551 participants concluded Rotarix and RotaTeq are effective vaccines.

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by the international Cochrane Collaboration concluded that " TIPS was more effective at removing ascites as compared with paracentesis ... however, TIPS patients develop hepatic encephalopathy significantly more often "

Cochrane 2 has also been interpreted as correlating to the Porcupine Hills Formation, but recent studies suggest that it is part of the Paskapoo, as originally concluded by Russell in 1929.

The authors concluded “ without acknowledgement of COI due to industry funding or author industry financial ties from RCTs included in meta-analyses, readers ’ understanding and appraisal of the evidence from the meta-analysis may be compromised .” Noting that most assessment tools for meta-analysis do not include a domain for study funding source the authors state: “ Currently, The Cochrane Collaboration ’ s Risk of Bias tool includes an optional ' other sources of bias ' domain, which meta-analysts could use to include information on COIs.

A 2008 Cochrane review concluded that " There is no good evidence for or against the effectiveness of OTC medicines in acute cough ".

In 2006, a Cochrane review concluded that there is insufficient evidence on which to base any recommendations regarding the use of topiramate in any phase of bipolar illness.

However, a more recent Cochrane review, published in 2010, concluded that there was evidence for the efficacy of topiramate in the treatment of symptoms of borderline personality disorder, including mood instability.

The US Task Force on Community Preventive Services declared that " strong scientific evidence " existed for these when " combined with other interventions ", but a Cochrane review concluded that it was " difficult to establish their independent role and value ".

One 2008 Cochrane review concluded that " incentives and competitions have not been shown to enhance long-term cessation rates.