The eastern Black Sea region in antiquity was home to the well-developed bronze culture known as the Colchian culture, related to the neighboring Koban culture, that emerged towards the Middle Bronze Age.

Colchians | Colchian necklace from Vani, Georgia, 5th century BC.

Ancient Colchians | Colchian golden earrings, 4th century BC.

Colchian coin s, 2nd century BC.

Some southern parts of Iberia, that were conquered from Kingdom of Armenia, in the 2nd century BC were reunited to Armenia and the Colchian lands seceded to form separate princedoms ( sceptuchoi ).

The advanced economy and favorable geographic and natural conditions of the area attracted the Milesian Greeks who colonized the Colchian coast establishing here their trading posts at Phasis, Gyenos, and Sukhumi in the 6th-5th centuries BC.

Archaeology revealed the artifacts of Colchian culture, particularly a collection of Colchian coins dating back to the 6th-3rd centuries BC.

According to Georgian historians, the Cimmerians played an influential role in the development of both the Colchian and Iberian cultures.

The influence exerted on Colchis by the vast Achaemenid Empire with its thriving commerce and wide economic and commercial ties with other regions accelerated the socio-economic development of the Colchian land.

He died in 1975 and was interred at his mansion which he called a " Colchian Tower ", refusing to be buried in the Mtatsminda Pantheon because he detested that Jesus and Judas were buried side by side there, referring to the proximity of the graves of the national writer Ilia Chavchavadze and his outspoken critic and political foe, the Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze.

Occupying some 20ha, the site was known to early Byzantine historians as Archaeopolis, and to the neighbouring Georgian ( Kartlian ) chroniclers as Tsikhegoji, or the fortress of Kuji — a semi-mythical Colchian ruler or ' Eristavi '.

He identified the ruins as the Archaeopolis of Byzantine historians and argued that the site was Aia, the ancient Colchian capital of the Greek Argonaut myth.

The Colchian rain forests are mixed, with deciduous Black Alder ( Alnus glutinosa ), hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus and C. orientalis ), Oriental Beech ( Fagus orientalis ), and Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa ) together with evergreen Nordmann Fir ( Abies nordmanniana, the tallest tree in Europe at 78m ), Caucasian Spruce ( Picea orientalis ) and Scots Pine ( Pinus sylvestris ).

Medea (, Mēdeia,, Medea ) is a Colchian woman in Greek mythology.

The Medea statue | statue of Medea in the center of Batumi, Georgia ( country ) | Georgia, one of the main Colchis | Colchian cities.

This fleece now hung from a tree in the grove of the Colchian Ares, guarded night and day by a dragon that never slept.

* The Colchian Dragon-A dragon that guarded the Golden Fleece.

The Medea statue | statue of Medea in the center of Batumi, Georgia ( country ) | Georgia, one of the main Colchians | Colchian cities.

According to another theory, it is derived from a Colchian word, " Imer ", meaning " country on the other side of the mountain ", that is of the Likhi Range, which divided Colchis and Iberia from each other.

And above these are situated the narrow passes of the Phtheirophagi ( Phthirophagi ); and after the Heniochi the Colchian country, which lies at the foot of the Caucasian, or Moschian, Mountains.

The unearthed settlements and archaeological artifacts from that time are unique in that they reflect influences from both Iberian ( east Georgia ) and Colchian ( west Georgia ) cultures with possible Sarmatian elements.

Others occur in Subtropical-Moist Climates: South Africa's Knysna-Amatole coastal forests, the Colchian rain forests of the eastern Black Sea region ( Turkey and Georgia ), the Caspian temperate rainforests of Iran and Azerbaijan, the mountain temperate rainforests along eastern Taiwan's Pacific Coast, southwest Japan's Taiheiyo forests, Australia's coastal New South Wales and New Zealand's North Island.

The Colchian rainforests are found around the southeast corner of the Black Sea in Turkey and Georgia and are part of the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests ecoregion, together with the drier Euxine forests further west.

Some linguists refer to Mingrelian and Laz as dialects of a single Zan language or Colchian.

The name " Zugdidi " means " big / great hill " in Laz-Mingrelian ( Colchian ) language.

Sesostris then returned home the same way he came, leaving colonists behind at the Colchian river Phasis.

The Late Bronze Age ( from 1700 to 1200 BCE ) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years.

) Adobe brickmaking was used in Spain starting by the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, from the eighth century B. C.

During the Late Bronze Age circa 2000 BC, they created an empire, the Hittite New Kingdom, which reached its height in the 14th century BC, controlling much of Asia Minor.

Of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, thirty can be shown to have a much longer history, reaching back into at least the Late Bronze Age.

The significant Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Cycladic culture is best known for its schematic flat idols carved out of the islands ' pure white marble centuries before the great Middle Bronze Age (" Minoan ") culture arose in Crete, to the south: these figures have been looted from burials to satisfy a thriving Cycladic antiquities market since the early 20th century.

The earliest radiocarbon determinations obtained from key sites such as Oakbank in Loch Tay or Redcastle, Beauly Firth approach the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age transition at their widest interpretation at 2 sigma or 95. 4 % probability, falling after c. 800BC and therefore could only be considered Late Bronze Age by the narrowest of margins.

He did not include this transitional period in the tripartite system of Early, Middle and Late Bronze Age but placed it at the beginning outside of it.

Late Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman four-posters are square arrangements of postholes, around 2-4m square.

Hillforts were known since the Late Bronze Age, but a huge number were constructed in the period 600-400 BCE, particularly in the South ; after about 400 however new ones largely cease to be built and a large number cease to be regularly inhabited, while a smaller number of others become more and more intensively occupied, suggesting a degree of regional centralisation.

Canaan in the Late Bronze Age was a shadow of what it had been centuries earlier: many cities were abandoned, others shrank in size, and the total settled population was probably not much more than a hundred thousand.

The Canaanite city-state system broke down at the end of the Late Bronze period, and Canaanite culture was then gradually absorbed into that of the Philistines, Phoenicians and Israelites.

In the Late Bronze Age there were no more than about 25 villages in the highlands, but this increased to over 300 by the end of Iron I, while the settled population doubled from 20, 000 to 40, 000.

* Uruk period: 4100 – 2900 BC ( Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age I )

Iron I ( 1200 – 1000 BC ) illustrates both continuity and discontinuity with the previous Late Bronze Age.

Archaeologists and historians see more continuity than discontinuity between these highland settlements and the preceding Late Bronze Canaanite culture ; certain features such as ceramic repertoire and agrarian settlement plans have been said to be distinctives of highland sites, and collar-rimmed jars and four-roomed houses have been said to be intrinsically " Israelite ," but have also been said to belong to a commonly shared culture throughout Iron I Canaan.

* 1969 " Middle and Late Bronze Age Strata at Megiddo ", Levant 1 ( 1969 ), pp. 25 – 60.

The first claims of global supremacy of a specific god date to the Late Bronze Age, with Akhenaten's Great Hymn to the Aten ( speculatively connected to Judaism by Sigmund Freud in his Moses and Monotheism ).

Late Bronze Age ships, such as the Uluburun Shipwreck have been discovered in the Mediterranean, constructed of edge joined planks.

* Late Bronze Age

The most notable architectural remains from early Mesopotamia are the temple complexes at Uruk from the 4th millennium BC, temples and palaces from the Early Dynastic period sites in the Diyala River valley such as Khafajah and Tell Asmar, the Third Dynasty of Ur remains at Nippur ( Sanctuary of Enlil ) and Ur ( Sanctuary of Nanna ), Middle Bronze Age remains at Syrian-Turkish sites of Ebla, Mari, Alalakh, Aleppo and Kultepe, Late Bronze Age palaces at Bogazkoy ( Hattusha ), Ugarit, Ashur and Nuzi, Iron Age palaces and temples at Assyrian ( Kalhu / Nimrud, Khorsabad, Nineveh ), Babylonian ( Babylon ), Urartian ( Tushpa / Van Kalesi, Cavustepe, Ayanis, Armavir, Erebuni, Bastam ) and Neo-Hittite sites ( Karkamis, Tell Halaf, Karatepe ).