Addressing a London meeting of the National Committee for Commonwealth Immigrants he notably defined Integration:

A centrally financed network of local officers was provided to smooth inter-racial relations by conciliation, education, and informal pressure, while a National Committee for Commonwealth Immigrants was established ( under the chairmanship of the Archbishop of Canterbury ) to encourage and help finance staff “ for local voluntary, good-neighbour type bodies .” A further Race Relations Act was passed in 1968, which made discrimination in letting or advertising housing illegal, together with discrimination in hiring and promotion.

The legislation also replaced the National Committee for Commonwealth Immigrants with the Community Relations Commission, a statutory body.

Callaghan was also responsible for the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968 ; a controversial piece of legislation prompted by Conservative assertions that an influx of Kenyan Asians would soon inundate the country.

In his memoirs Time and Chance, Callaghan wrote that introducing the Commonwealth Immigrants Bill had been an unwelcome task but that he did not regret it.

" public meeting in Westminster Central Hall, opposite Parliament, at which the speakers Ronald Bell, QC, MP, John Biggs-Davison, MP, Harold Soref, MP, and John Heydon Stokes, MP, ( all club members ) called on the government to halt all immigration, repeal the Race Relations Act, not the separate Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968, and start a full repatriation scheme.

** The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962

** The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968

** The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962

** The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968

By 1960s, the United Kingdom passed the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 and Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968.

* Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962

* Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968

Although the Committee recommended not to introduce restrictions, the Commonwealth Immigrants Act was passed in 1962 as a response to public sentiment that the new arrivals " should return to their own countries " and that " no more of them come to this country ".

The Conservative MP Enoch Powell campaigned for tighter controls on immigration which resulted in the passing of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act in 1968.

Until the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962, all Commonwealth citizens could enter and stay in the United Kingdom without any restriction.

The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 made Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies ( CUKCs ) whose passports were not directly issued by the United Kingdom Government ( i. e. passports issued by the Governor of a colony or by the Commander of a British protectorate ) subject to immigration control.

Since 1962, with the passage of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962, not all CUKCs had the Right of Abode in the United Kingdom.

On 15 June 1901, during the first parliament of the Commonwealth, the Immigration Restriction Bill 1901 was introduced, defined as A Bill for an Act to place certain restrictions on Immigration and to provide for the removal from the Commonwealth of Prohibited Immigrants.

As used in this Act, the term ' saline water ' includes sea water, brackish water, and other mineralized or chemically charged water, and the term ' United States ' extends to and includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories and possessions of the United States.

`` We, the Subscribers, do agree, that as soon as a convenient Number of Persons have subscribed to this, or a similar Writing, We will present a petition to the Hon'ble General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, praying for an Act incorporating into a Body politic the subscribers to such Writing with Liberty to build such a Bridge, and a Right to demand a Toll equal to that received at Malden Bridge, and on like Terms, and if such an Act shall be obtained, then we severally agree each with the others, that we will hold in the said Bridge the several shares set against our respective Names, the whole into two hundred shares being divided, and that we will pay such sums of Money at such Times and in such Manners, as by the said proposed Corporation, shall be directed and required ''.

Since the implementation of the Statute of Westminster 1931 in each of the Commonwealth realms ( on successive dates from 1931 onwards ), the Act of Settlement cannot be altered in any realm except by that realm's own parliament and, by convention, only with the consent of all the other realms, as it touches on the succession to the shared throne.

However, legislating for alterations to the Act is a complex process, since the act is a common denominator in the shared succession of all the Commonwealth realms and the Statute of Westminster 1931 acknowledges by established convention that any changes to the rules of succession may be made only with the agreement of all of the states involved, with concurrent amendments to be made by each state's parliament or parliaments.

Everything thus turns upon the status and meaning of clause 2 in the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, which provides: " The provisions of this Act referring to the Queen shall extend to Her Majesty's heirs and successors in the sovereignty of the United Kingdom.

Or, third, it incorporates the United Kingdom rules of succession into the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which itself can now be altered only by Australia, according to the Australia Act 1986 ; in that way, the British rules of succession have been patriated to Australia and, with regard to Australia, are subject to amendment or repeal solely by Australian law.

The Bankruptcy Act 1966 ( Commonwealth ) is the legislation that governs bankruptcy in Australia.

The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act created a federal system, in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the States — the evolved status of the colonies.

The concept of Commonwealth citizenship was introduced in 1948 in the British Nationality Act 1948.

After the English Civil War and the execution of Charles I, the republic's existence was initially declared by " An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth " adopted by the Rump Parliament, on 19 May 1649.

* 1909 – New South Wales Premier Charles Wade signed the Seat of Government Surrender Act 1909, formally completing the transfer of State land to the Commonwealth to create the Australian Capital Territory.

The United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office delivered a note to the Ecuadorian government in Quito reminding them of the provisions of the Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987 which allow the British government to withdraw recognition of diplomatic protection from embassies ; the move was interpreted as a hostile act by Ecuador, with Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño stating that this " explicit threat " would be met with " appropriate responses in accordance with international law ".

Two decades earlier the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 had stated that the United Kingdom and the dominions were " equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations ".

:: Example 2 ( parliamentary absentee monarchy ): Under Chapter II, Section 61 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900:

The southern half was colonised in the same year by the United Kingdom as British New Guinea, but in 1904 with the passage of the Papua Act, 1905 was transferred to the newly formed Commonwealth of Australia who took on its administration.

And whereas it is meet and proper to set out by way of preamble to this Act that, inasmuch as the Crown is the symbol of the free association of the members of the British Commonwealth of Nations, and as they are united by a common allegiance to the Crown, it would be in accord with the established constitutional position of all the members of the Commonwealth in relation to one another that any alteration in the law touching the Succession to the Throne or the Royal Style and Titles shall hereafter require the assent as well of the Parliaments of all the Dominions as of the Parliament of the United Kingdom:

This means, for example, that any change to the Act of Settlement's provisions barring Roman Catholics from the throne or giving male heirs precedence over females would require the unanimous consent of the parliaments of all the other Commonwealth realms if the unity of the Crown is to be retained.

As a result, Constitution ( Amendment No. 27 ) Act 1936 was first passed on 10 December 1936, which, in addition to effecting his constitutional reforms, also provides for the use of the British monarch for certain diplomatic purposes while Ireland is still in the Commonwealth, if authorized by law.

However, as the External Relations Act was still in effect, the head of state of Ireland remained unclear until 1949, when Ireland unambiguously became a republic outside the British Commonwealth by enacting Republic of Ireland Act 1948.

** Apartheid: The South African Citizenship Act suspends the granting of citizenship to British Commonwealth immigrants after 5 years and imposes a ban on mixed marriages.

The BIOT administration was moved to Seychelles following the independence of Mauritius in 1968 until the independence of Seychelles in 1976, and to a desk in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London since.

The 1928 Members ' stand, the 1956 Olympic stand and the 1968 Ponsford stand were demolished one by one between late 2003 to 2005, and replaced with a new structure in time for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

With John Gorton becoming Prime Minister after Holt's death, Askin came into conflict with the Commonwealth Government over Gorton's determination to maintain federal command over taxation and in June 1968 declared that he could veto any form of state taxation.

On 20 April 1968, he made a controversial speech in Birmingham, in which he warned his audience of what he believed would be the consequences of continued unchecked immigration from the Commonwealth to Britain.

Heath sacked Enoch Powell from the Shadow Cabinet in April 1968, shortly after Powell made his inflammatory " Rivers of Blood " speech which criticised Commonwealth immigration to the United Kingdom.

It was created in 1968 by merging the Foreign Office and the Commonwealth Office.

The position of Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs came into existence in 1968 with the merger of the functions of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs into a single Department of State.

The Immigration Act 1971 affirmed the principles of the 1968 legislation, giving the right of immigration to the grandchildren of British citizens and nationals born in the Commonwealth nations.

Enoch Powell's April 20, 1968 address to the General Meeting of the West Midlands Area Conservative Political Centre ( commonly called " Rivers of Blood " speech ) was a speech criticising Commonwealth immigration, as well as proposed anti-discrimination legislation in the United Kingdom made on 20 April 1968 by Enoch Powell ( 1912 – 1998 ), the Conservative Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton South West.

In 1968 the Commonwealth Office was subsumed into the Foreign Office, which was renamed the Foreign and Commonwealth Office ( FCO ).

In 1966, the position was merged with that of the Secretary of State for the Colonies to form that of Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs, which was in turn merged with the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1968 to create the new position of Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs.

In 1968 the position was merged with the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to create the new position of Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs.

The New Commonwealth, 1877 – 1890, 1968 scholarly survey, strong on economic and political history

Before 1968, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs only handled relations with foreign ( non-Commonwealth ) countries, while relations with Commonwealth countries and colonies were handled by the Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs.