* 1918 – World War I: Czechoslovakia is granted independence from Austria-Hungary marking the beginning of an independent Czechoslovak state, after 300 years.

In 1918, in the beginning of the Czechoslovak state, the song was discussed as one of the possible choices for the national anthem.

A Union of Czech Deputies had already sworn an oath to a new Czechoslovak state independent of the Habsburg Empire on 13 April 1918, the prestige of the German Army had taken a severe blow at the Battle of Amiens, and, on 25 September 1918, King Ferdinand of Bulgaria broke away from his allies in the Central Powers and sued for peace independently.

* Česká Zbrojovka ( meaning Czech Armory ), trade name of the Czechoslovak firearms manufacturers and state arsenal

The Czechoslovak New Wave differed from the French New Wave in that it usually held stronger narratives, and as these directors were the children of a nationalized film industry, they had greater access to studios and state funding.

Suslov was awarded the highest state awards of the German Democratic Republic, the Mongolian People's Republic, and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.

The provisional National Assembly ( i. e. Czechoslovak parliament ), however, agreed on the temporary need for centralized government to secure the stability of the new state.

Although Hlinka's objective was Slovak autonomy within a democratic Czechoslovak state, his party contained a more radical wing, led by Vojtech Tuka.

Beneš hoped for a restoration of the Czechoslovak state in its pre-Munich form after the anticipated Allied victory, a false hope.

Loyalty to a Czechoslovak state was tenuous in Carpathian Ruthenia.

The re-emergence of Czechoslovakia as a sovereign state was not only the result of the policies of the victorious Western allies, France, Britain, and the United States, but also an indication of the strength of the Czechoslovak ideal embodied in the First Czechoslovak Republic.

The Czechoslovak version of perestroika, which had slowly taken shape during the last months of Husák's rule under the guidance of the reformist and pro-Mikhail Gorbachev Czechoslovak leader Premier Lubomir Strougal, called for a modest decentralization of state economic administration but postponed any concrete action until the end of the decade.

Under the Czechoslovak system, foreign trade was a state monopoly, supervised by the central Ministry of Foreign Trade.

Czechoslovak Airlines, the state airline company, serviced most European cities and also provided domestic services.

The law states that the Czechoslovak press is to provide complete information, but it must also advance the interests of socialist society and promote the people's socialist awareness of the policy of the communist party as the leading force in society and state.

The Czechoslovak Press Agency ( in Czech: Československá tisková kancelář, in Slovak: Československá tlačová kancelária ČTK / ČTK ) received a state subsidy and was controlled by the federal government through its Presidium.

Although the constitution did not establish the vanguard role of the KSČ within the Czechoslovak state and government administration under the Leninist principle of democratic centralism ( these were provisions only of the following " socialist " 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia ), it confirmed the KSČ had in Czechoslovakia the absolute power, just as other Communist parties in Communist countries.

The Constitutional Law of Federation (, ) was a constitutional law in Czechoslovakia adopted on 27 October 1968 and in force from 1969 – 1992, by which the unitary Czechoslovak state was turned into a federation.

In the 1970s and 1980s the government structure was based on the amended 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, which identified the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic as a federative state of two equal fraternal nations.

Five months later, when the Slovak Diet declared the independence of Slovakia, Hitler summoned Czechoslovak President Emil Hácha to Berlin and intimidated him into accepting the German occupation of the Czech rump state and its reorganisation as a German protectorate.

While it was the Rusyns themselves who had arrived at the decision to join the Czechoslovak state, it is debatable whether their decision had any influence on the outcome.

Untrustworthy were considered German and Hungarian nationals, and people who were active in destruction of the Czechoslovak state and its democratic government, supported Nazi occupation by any means, or were members of organizations considered fascist or collaborator.

Reinhard Heydrich was killed after an attack by British trained Czechoslovak soldiers on behalf of the Czechoslovak government in exile in Operation Anthropoid, and knowledge from decoded transmissions allowed the U. S. to carry out a targeted attack, killing Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto while he was travelling by plane.

The Czechoslovak Armed Forces were originally formed after 1918, when Czechoslovakia was created from former Austro-Hungarian areas after the defeat of that country in World War I.

From 1954 until 1990, the Army was known as the Czechoslovak People's Army ( ČSLA ).

The Army of the Czech Republic was formed after the Czechoslovak Armed Forces split after the 1 January 1993 dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

We even got Soviet arms from the Czechoslovak communist government, since it was obviously susceptible to material incentives ; and at some point we started buying arms for the mujaheddin from the Soviet army in Afghanistan, because that army was increasingly corrupt.

There was considerable resistance within the government to Soviet influence on Czechoslovak politics.

Looming as just as large a concern was the Czechoslovak eagerness to accept the aid, as well as indications of a similar Polish attitude.

The Prague Spring was legitimised by the Czechoslovak government as a socialist reform movement.

Reform was needed, for the Czechoslovak economy to join the " scientific-technical revolution in the world " rather than relying on Stalinist-era heavy industry, labour power, and raw materials.

< i > The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath: Czechoslovak Politics, 1968 – 1970 .</ i > Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp 67 .</ ref > The first tangible manifestation of this new policy of openness was the production of the previously hard-line communist weekly < i > Literarni noviny </ i >, renamed < i > Literarni listy </ i >.< ref > Bren, Paulina.

At a 23 March meeting in Dresden in East Germany, leaders of " Warsaw Five " ( USSR, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria and East Germany ) questioned a Czechoslovak delegation over the planned reforms, suggesting any talk of " democratization " was a veiled critique of other policies.

The Czechoslovak forces were confined to their barracks, which were surrounded until the threat of a counter-attack was assuaged.

Combat was a series of small-unit actions among the Czechoslovak Legion, the Polish 5th Rifle Division, and the pro-Bolshevik Red Latvian Riflemen and others.

Heydrich was attacked in Prague on 27 May 1942 by a British-trained team of Czech and Slovak soldiers who had been sent by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile to kill him in an operation code named Operation Anthropoid.

After World War II, most of the German population within the Polish and Czechoslovak Sudetes was forcibly expelled on the basis of the Potsdam Agreement and the Beneš decrees.

In 2009, it was proven that Czechoslovak communist secret police used scopolamine at least three times to obtain confessions from alleged anti-state conspirators.

Encouraged, Hitler began pressing German claims on the Sudetenland, an area of Czechoslovakia with a predominantly ethnic German population ; and soon France and Britain conceded this territory to Germany in the Munich Agreement, which was made against the wishes of the Czechoslovak government, in exchange for a promise of no further territorial demands.

Under Communism, the Czechoslovak economy in the 1960s was in serious decline and the imposition of central control from Prague disappointed local Communists while the destalinization program caused further disquiet.

Dubček was forced to resign as first secretary in April 1969 following the Czechoslovak Hockey Riots.

Dubček was elected Chairman of the Federal Assembly ( the Czechoslovak Parliament ) on 28 December 1989, and re-elected in 1990 and 1992.