Additionally, the Atholl Highlanders are a ( ceremonial ) private army maintained by the Duke of Atholl — they are the only legal private " army " in the United Kingdom.

A gifted musician, his mother, Elizabeth Kennedy-Laurie Dickson, was related to the Lauries of Maxwellton ( immortalised in the ballad Annie Laurie ) and connected with the Duke of Atholl and the Royal Stuarts.

* April 14 – William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine, second son of John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl

* Duke of Atholl

* James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl ( 1690 – 1764 ), Whig MP and lord of the Isle of Man, 1736 – 1764

The Atholl Highlanders, a private Scottish infantry regiment of the Duke of Atholl, was formed in 1839 purely for ceremonial purposes.

* Blair Castle, Perthshire, for the Duke of Atholl ( 1758 );

He was succeeded in the barony of Strange, which could be passed on through female lines, by his first cousin once removed, James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl.

She was the niece of Wilmot Vaughan, 1st Earl of Lisburne and through her mother's family, the Aynsleys, a cousin of the Duke of Atholl.

The delegation included the Duke of Atholl, Grand Master of the Ancients, and Past Grand Master Mason of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Earl of Moira, Acting Grand Master of the Moderns ( the Grand Master being the Prince of Wales ).

On 1st December 1813, the Duke of Atholl ceded the leadership of the Ancients to the Duke of Kent, the older brother of Sussex and the father of Queen Victoria.

: Other titles ( 1st Duke ): Earl of Fife ( 1371 ), Earl of Buchan ( 1374 – 1406 ), Earl of Atholl ( 1403 – 1406 )

Duke of Atholl, alternatively Duke of Athole, named after Atholl in Scotland, is a title in the Peerage of Scotland held by the head of Clan Murray.

The Duke of Atholl is the hereditary Clan Chief of Clan Murray.

James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl.

In 1703 he was made Lord Murray, Balvenie and Gask, in the County of Perth, Viscount of Balwhidder, Glenalmond and Glenlyon, in the County of Perth, Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle, in the County of Perth, Marquess of Tullibardine, in the County of Perth, and Duke of Atholl, with remainder failing heirs male of his own to the heirs male of his father.

Atholl was consequently succeeded by his third son, James, the second Duke.

Atholl died in 1764 and was succeeded in the dukedom and remaining titles by his nephew, John, the third Duke.

John Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl.

Duke Frederick of Saxony, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, died in December 1510.

On 23 January 1878 at the Basilica of Atocha in Madrid, Alfonso married his cousin, Princess Maria de las Mercedes, daughter of Antoine, Duke of Montpensier, but she died within six months of the marriage.

Andronikos III was first married, in 1318, with Irene of Brunswick, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ; she died in 1324.

However, Mary II died childless in 1694, after which William III did not remarry, and Princess Anne's last surviving child, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, died six years later, after which it was unlikely she would have any more children due to her age and the large number of miscarriages she had previously suffered.

In 1600 he was called to Parma by Duke Ranuccio I Farnese to began the decoration of the Palazzo del Giardino, but he died before it was finished.

Aldona had two daughters, Cunigunde ( died in 1357 ), who married Louis VI the Roman, the son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, on 1 January 1345, and Elisabeth ( died in 1361 ), who was married to Duke Bogislaus V of Pomerania.

Others who were either killed or captured at the actual Battle were as follows: King Jean II ; Prince Philip ( youngest son and progenitor of the House of Valois-Burgundy ), Geoffroi de Charny, carrier of the Oriflamme, Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, Walter VI, Count of Brienne and Constable of France, Jean de Clermont, Marshal of France, Arnoul d ' Audrehem, the Count of Eu, the Count of Marche and Ponthieu Jacques de Bourbon taken prisoner at the Battle and died 1361, the Count of Étampes, the Count of Tancarville, the Count of Dammartin, the Count of Joinville, Guillaume de Melun, Archbishop of Sens.

:* John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford ( 1686 – 1703 ), elder son of the 1st Duke, died unmarried

Victoria was in mourning for her grandson, Albert Duke of Clarence, who died January 1892.

The town received the title of " Most Loyal City " ( Tenth Siege of Gibraltar ). The Duke died in 1507.

In 1501, the king's son Arthur, having married Catherine of Aragon, died of an illness at the age of 15, leaving his younger son Henry, Duke of York, as his heir.

* Henry VII, Duke of Bavaria ( died 1042 )

Conrad's brother Duke Frederick II died in 1147, and was succeeded in Swabia by his son, Duke Frederick III.

This sought to bar Prince Henry from both thrones by stipulating that if either King William or Duke Robert died without an heir, the two dominions of their father would be reunited under the surviving brother.

In the meantime, events in Naples took an unexpected turn when the Duke of Anjou died in 1384, leaving King Charles III able to lay claim to Hungary.

Bertoldo ( died 1417 ) managed to keep only Pitigliano, while his grandson Orso ( died July 5, 1479 ) was count of Nola and fought as condottiero under the Duke of Milan and the Republic of Venice.

Under his son Giovan Francesco ( died May 8, 1567 ) the county entered the orbit of the Grand Duke of Tuscany.

He was made Duke of Gravina by King Alfonso, title definitely assigned to his son Giacomo ( died 1472 ), to which had been added the counties of Conversano, Campagna and Copertino.

After the heirless death of Duke Michele Antonio ( January 26, 1627 ), his lands passed to his cousin Pietro Orsini, count of Muro Lucano ( died 1641 ).

* Henry I the Fowler, King of the Germans and Duke of Saxony, died 936

* Otto I the Great, Holy Roman Emperor and Duke of Saxony, died 973

* 1864 – Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale ( d. 1892 )

* 1864 – Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia ( d. 1931 )

In 1890, Bismarck was created further Herzog von Lauenburg (" Duke of Lauenburg "; the Duchy was one of the territories which Prussia seized from the Danish king in 1864 ).

* 1819 – Louise Marie Thérèse d ' Artois, French wife of Charles III, Duke of Parma ( d. 1864 )

* January 14 – Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, second in line for the throne of the United Kingdom ( b. 1864 )

******** HRH Prince Albert Victor of Wales, Duke of Clarence and Avondale ( 1864 – 1892 )

* Prince Albert Victor ( 1864 – 1892 ), Duke of Clarence and Avondale, son of Edward VII

Wilhelm, Duke of Urach ( 1864 – 1928 ), had the distinction of being under consideration for five thrones at different times: that of King of Wurttemberg in the 1890s, as the senior agnate by primogeniture when it became likely that King William II would die without male descendants, leaving as heir Duke Albrecht of Wurttemberg, a more distantly related, albeit dynastic, royal kinsman ; Prince of Albania in 1913 ; Prince of Monaco as the next heir by proximity of blood following the Hereditary Prince Louis during a succession crisis resolved in July 1918 ; Grand Duke of Alsace-Lorraine in 1917, and his election by the Taryba as King of Lithuania in July 1918.

), 1864, by the manifesto of Emperor Alexander II read aloud by Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia.

* Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle ( 1811 – 1864 ), eldest son of the 4th Duke

* Henry Pelham Archibald Douglas Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne ( 1864 – 1928 ), eldest son of the 6th Duke, died without issue

Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale ( Albert Victor Christian Edward ; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892 ) was a member of the British Royal Family.

the Duke of Clarence and Avondale ( 1864 – 1892 ).

Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden, created the island's arboretum, which now contains 500 species of deciduous and coniferous trees, many exotic and valuable, including fine specimens of Sequoiadendron giganteum ( 1864 ) and Metasequoia glyptostroboides ( 1952 ).

From 1815 to 1864 it was a member of the German Confederation, though still in personal union with Denmark ( the King of Denmark being also Duke of Holstein ).

The Duke of Augustenborg, a minor scion from another cadet line of the House of Oldenburg, claimed the Duchies, and soon the German Confederation, led by Prussia and Austria, went to the Second Schleswig War with Denmark, quickly defeating it in 1864 and forcing it to cede the duchies.

* Prince Albert Victor, 1st Duke of Clarence and Avondale ( 1864 – 1892 ), eldest son of The Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales ( later Edward VII ).

* Prince Albert Victor Christian Edward, 1st Duke of Clarence and Avondale, 1st Earl of Athlone ( 1864 – 1892 )

* Aimable Pélissier, Duke of Malakoff ( 1794 – 1864 ), Marshal of France in 1855

* George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl ( 1814 – 1864 ) ( eldest son of James Murray, 1st Baron Glenlyon ; see below )

* George Murray, 2nd Baron Glenlyon ( 1814 – 1864 ) ( succeeded as 6th Duke of Atholl in 1846 )