* Alfonso III d ' Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio ( 1628 – 44 ).

* Alfonso III d ' Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio ( 1628 – 1644 )

* Alfonso IV d ' Este ( 1634-1662 ), Duke of Modena and Regg

* Francesco II d ' Este, Duke of Modena ( 1662 – 1694 )

* July 16 – Alfonso IV d ' Este, Duke of Modena ( b. 1634 )

The county was named for Mary of Modena, Duchess of York, second wife of James, Duke of York ( later James II, King of England ).

In 1741, the allied Spaniards and Neapolitans had advanced towards Modena, the Duke of which state had allied himself with them, but the vigilant Austrian commander, Count Otto Ferdinand von Traun had out-marched them, captured Modena and forced the Duke to make a separate peace.

The two surviving branches, with Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and Bavaria on the German side, concluded an agreement in 1154 which allocated the family's Italian possessions to the younger line, the Fulc-Este, who in the course of time acquired Ferrara, Modena and Reggio.

His successors were Leonello ( 1407 – 1450 ) and Borso ( 1413 – 1471 ), who was elevated to Duke of Modena and Reggio by Emperor Frederick III in 1452 and in return received these duchies as imperial fiefs.

In 1814, when French rule in Italy ended ( but after the death of Duke Ercole ), Modena was returned to his daughter Mary Beatrice and her son, Archduke Francis of Austria-Este.

In 1859 the duchy lost its independence to the new united Italy, and Francis V, Duke of Modena, was deposed.

Through his mother Zita of Bourbon-Parma ( a great-granddaughter of Maria Teresa of Savoy, Duchess of Lucca and Parma, who was a daughter of Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia, who in turn was a daughter of Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d ' Este and Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este, Duchess and Duke of Breisgau and Modena ), Robert was a descendant of Ercole III d ' Este, and the blood of last Este dukes thus joined again with the name Austria-Este.

The Duke of Modena, Francis IV, was an ambitious noble, and he hoped to become king of Northern Italy by increasing his territory.

He was born to the reigning king, James II of England ( and VII of Scotland ), and his Roman Catholic second wife, Mary of Modena, and as such was automatically Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay among other titles.

She is the wife of His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke Lorenz of Austria-Este, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Modena, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, whom she married on 22 September 1984 and who was created a Prince of Belgium in 1995.

Francesco I d ' Este, Duke of Modena ( 1629 – 1658 ) built the citadel and began the palace, which was largely embellished by Francesco II.

Amalia d ' Este was also a candidate, daughter of Rinaldo d ' Este, Duke of Modena.

On 21 April 1789, he married Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Modena ( who was the son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor ).

# Maria Beatrice Victoria Josepha of Savoy ( 1792 – 1840 ), married her uncle Francis IV, Archduke of Austria and Duke of Modena

In the 1647 campaign, Thomas Francis is mentioned as commanding alongside the French general in the forces sent across north Italy to work with the Duke of Modena Francesco I d ' Este who had just allied with France and opened up a ' second front ' against the Spaniards in Milan, though Mazarin confessed that he had appointed Thomas only because he feared that, if left behind in Piedmont, the Prince's restless spirit would make more trouble.

Practices such as having to ask for permission from the Grand Duke to get married, or having to apply for permission to emigrate, would linger late into the history of Mecklenburg ( i. e. 1918 ), long after such practices had been abandoned in other German areas.

In 1849 in Florence, Leopold II abandoned the town, which was ruled by a provisional government ; but the Grand Duke later returned.

Becoming aware of his colleagues ' change of mind, Jane's father, the Duke of Suffolk, abandoned his command over the fortress and proclaimed Mary on nearby Tower Hill.

At eighteen he went to Portsmouth with his friend George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham intending to join the expedition for the relief of Rochelle ; a project abandoned upon the assassination of the Duke.

George was originally smitten with Lady Sarah Lennox, sister of the Duke of Richmond, but his mother Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the Dowager Princess of Wales, and his political advisor Lord Bute advised against the match, and George abandoned the idea.

By January, though, it had become apparent that the Duke of Brittany was reconciled to the new French King and, with the alliance collapsing and dysentery ravaging his men, Woodstock abandoned the siege and accepted a 50, 000 franc pay-off from the Duke of Brittany.

His victories against the Duke of Savoy at the Battle of Staffarda in 1690, and the Battle of Marsaglia in 1693, were amongst his greatest achievements, ( the Duke of Savoy later abandoned the Allied coalition and concluded peace with King Louis by signing the Treaty of Turin on 29 August 1696 ).

The Duke was a founding governor of the Foundling Hospital in London, 1739, the country's first and only children's home for foundlings ( abandoned children ).

The Duke was one of several founding governors of Britain's first institution for abandoned children, the Foundling Hospital, and his name is listed in its royal charter received from George II in October 1739.

The Duke abandoned these plans in 1821 when they proved to be too expensive, and subsequently made numerous additions and improvements to the existing building.

The Duke of Normandy abandoned his campaign once he heard the news.

In the 17th century the house was a favourite residence for James Butler, the ' Great Duke of Ormonde ', but the Butlers abandoned the home after James ' death in 1688.

The French garrisons abandoned the Romagna ( where the Duke of Urbino quickly captured Bologna and Parma ) and retreated to Lombardy, attempting to intercept the invasion.

During the 2004 Republican National Convention, local artist and film-maker Duke Riley, who has traveled to various abandoned islands around the New York City area, rowed a boat with a friend to the island under cover of darkness, proclaimed it a sovereign nation and hoisted a-long pennant depicting two electric eels from the island's navigation tower.

After Sigismund's death, Lithuania was to return to the King of Poland ; thus the Union of Grodno abandoned provisions of the Union of Horodło ( 1413 ), which envisioned that the Lithuanian nobility would elect their new Grand Duke with consent of the Polish nobles.

At the Penny Arcade Expo on September 3, 2010, it was announced that development of the long awaited Duke Nukem Forever will be continued by Gearbox after the project was abandoned by 3D Realms after 12 years, with Gearbox purchasing the intellectual property of the franchise.

East of the town, within the Drava Valley lies the village of Molzbichl, which is home to the remains of Carinthia's first monastery, established about 780 by Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria and abandoned in the 10th century.

After the decisive defeat in the Battle of Pfaffenhofen on 15 April Maximilian Joseph quickly abandoned his father's imperial pretenses and made peace with Maria Theresa in the Treaty of Füssen, in which he agreed to support her husband, Grand Duke Francis Stephen of Tuscany, in the upcoming imperial election.

However, he abandoned his duties in Württemberg in 1765 to become Kapellmeister, in 1770, to the Grand Duke of Tuscany in Florence.

In the early 18th century, Bloomsbury began to decline gently from a fashionable aristocratic district to a more middle class enclave, and the 2nd Duke of Montagu abandoned his father's house to move to Whitehall.

In 1731, John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, abandoned the existing grand Montagu House in the socially declining district of Bloomsbury, which was later to become the premises of the British Museum, and purchased a site that had once been occupied by the Archbishops of York's London residence and had later been part of the site of Whitehall Palace.