Arminius's views were challenged by the Dutch Calvinists, especially Franciscus Gomarus, but Arminius died before a national synod could occur.

After some political maneuvering, the Dutch Calvinists were able to convince Prince Maurice of Nassau to deal with the situation.

This Synod of Dort was open primarily to Dutch Calvinists ( Arminians were excluded ) with Calvinist representatives from other countries, and in 1618 published a condemnation of Arminius and his followers as heretics.

About a thousand of such systems were sold for many hundreds of Dutch schools.

The Spanish in Florida originally introduced sheep to the New World, but this development never quite reached the North, and there they were introduced by the Dutch and English.

These were followed by significant numbers of freed Africans in the War of 1812, Irish immigrants in the mid 19th century and Dutch immigrants after World War II.

However, when, under manager Jack Kirwan, the club got promoted to the top flight of Dutch football for the first time in 1911 ( then the Eerste Klasse or ' First Class ', later named the Eredivisie ), Ajax were forced to change their colours because Sparta Rotterdam already had exactly the same outfit.

In the Flemish north Dutch speaking / rapping groups like't Hof van Commerce, Krapoel In Axe, St Andries MC's, and ABN were popular, rapping in their regional dialects.

There were two styles dominating the Dutch hip hop landscape: Extince, known for his easy flows, catchy songs and funky tunes, while hardcore performers like Westklan and Osdorp Posse found their own niche group of fans.

The following were the biggest Dutch feuds ever in hip-hop:

Six Serbian MiG-29 were shot down by NATO ( 4 USAF F-15C, 1 USAF F-16C, 1 Dutch F-16A MLU ), all of them using AIM-120 missiles ( the kill by the F-16C may have happened due to friendly fire, from SA-7 MANPAD fired by Serbian infantry ).

To isolate the Danube from any Allied intervention, Marshal Villeroi's 46, 000 troops were expected to pin the 70, 000 Dutch and English troops around Maastricht in the Low Countries, while General de Coigny protected Alsace against surprise with a further corps.

The Dutch, however, who clung to their troops for their country's protection, were against any adventurous military operation as far south as the Danube and would never willingly permit any major weakening of the forces in the Spanish Netherlands.

The Duke had assured the Dutch that if the French were to launch an offensive he would return in good time, but Marlborough calculated that as he marched south, the French commander would be drawn after him.

Count Horn directed the Prince of Holstein-Beck to take the village, but his two Dutch brigades were cut down by the French and Irish troops, capturing and badly wounding the Prince during the action.

If Holstein-Beck's Dutch column were destroyed, the Allied army would be split in two: Eugene's wing would be isolated from Marlborough's, passing the initiative to the Franco-Bavarian forces now engaged across the whole plain.

While he waited for the fresh reinforcements to arrive, Marlborough flung himself into the mêlée, rallying some of the Dutch cavalry who were in confusion.

The immediate question for the Allies now was how to deal with the Spanish Netherlands, a subject which the Austrians and the Dutch were diametrically opposed.

Many barges, primarily Dutch Barges, which were originally designed for carrying cargo along the canals of Europe, are no longer large enough to compete in this industry with larger newer vessels.

Contemporary Dutch virtues of independence, fortitude and industry were rendered fully recognizable among the Batavians in more scholarly history represented in Hugo Grotius ' Liber de Antiquitate Republicae Batavicorum ( 1610 ).

Modern variants of the Batavian founding myth are made more credible by pointing out that the Batavians were only part of the ancestry of the Dutch people, together with the Frisians, Franks and Saxons, and by tracing patterns of DNA.

By the 18th century, the area from Sambas to Berau were tributaries to the Banjar Kingdom, but this eventually shrunk to the size of what is now South Kalimantan as a result of agreements with the Dutch.

Other territories given up to the Dutch Indies were Landak, Sambas, Sintang and Sukadana.

Moreover in the 19th century, the Dutch admitted the founding of district kingdoms with native leaders who were under the power of the Dutch ( Indirect Bestuur ).

( The common misconception that he was Dutch and that his first name was Hendrik stem from Dutch documents of his third voyage.

* 1572 – In the Eighty Years ' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Spaniards, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.

The Baptist movement originated with Thomas Helwys, who left his mentor John Smyth ( who had moved into shared belief and other distinctives of the Dutch Waterlander Mennonites of Amsterdam ) and returned to London to start the first English Baptist Church in 1611.

Plancius called the constellation " Paradysvogel Apis Indica "; the first word is Dutch for ' bird of paradise ', but the others are Latin for " Indian Bee "; " apis " ( Latin for " bee ") is presumably an error for " avis " or " bird ".

The Aster CT-80, an early home / personal computer developed by the small Dutch company MCP ( later renamed to Aster Computers ), was sold in its first incarnation as a kit for hobbyists.

It was the first commercially available Dutch personal / home computer.

Due to mutual agreements with foreign clubs, the youth academy has also signed foreign players as teenagers before making first team debuts, such as Belgian defensive trio Jan Vertonghen, Toby Alderweireld and Thomas Vermaelen ( now with Arsenal ) and winger Tom de Mul ( now with Sevilla ), all of whom are full internationals as well as Dutch youth international Javier Martina and Vurnon Anita of the Netherlands Antilles.

On 5 December 2009 AZ announced that Koeman no longer was in charge of AZ, after losing 7 of the first 16 games in the Dutch competition.

This traditional attribution of the Creed to Athanasius was first called into question in 1642 by Dutch Protestant theologian G. J.

Abacá was first cultivated on a large scale in Sumatra in 1925 under the Dutch, who had observed its cultivation in the Philippines for cordage since the ninteenth century, followed up by plantings in Central America in 1929 sponsored by the U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Cuyp was one of the first Dutch painters to appreciate this new leap forward in style and while his own Both-inspired phase was quite short ( limited to the mid 1640s ) he did, more than any other contemporary Dutch artist, maximize the full chromatic scale for sunsets and sunrises.

That same year Dutch rapper Extince released his first record: Rap Around The Clock.

Another 1980s group was the Osdorp Posse, who first started to record tracks in Dutch.

In Deventer they found the first followers and the first Dutch language hip hop scene.

Maasstraat became famous as the first group combining reggae with Dutch lyrics, inspiring acts like Postmen, for example.

With two of his singles Spraakwater and Kaal of Kammen being major hits in the mid-1990s, Extince was the first Dutch rapper making the MegaCharts.

The first known use of the word ball in English in the sense of a globular body that is played with was in 1205 in in the phrase, "" The word came from the Middle English bal ( inflected as ball-e ,-es, in turn from Old Norse böllr ( pronounced ; compare Old Swedish baller, and Swedish boll ) from Proto-Germanic ballu-z, ( whence probably Middle High German bal, ball-es, Middle Dutch bal ), a cognate with Old High German ballo, pallo, Middle High German balle from Proto-Germanic * ballon ( weak masculine ), and Old High German ballâ, pallâ, Middle High German balle, Proto-Germanic * ballôn ( weak feminine ).

The French cavalry exerted themselves once more against the first line – Lumley's English and Scots on the Allied left, and Hompesch's Dutch and German squadrons on the Allied right.

The Dutch explorer and entrepreneur David de Vries gives the first mention of it in his journal for the year 1642 (" the Wickquasgeck Road over which the Indians passed daily ").

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).