Another notable script is Elder Futhark, which is believed to have evolved out of one of the Old Italic alphabets.

Elder Futhark gave rise to a variety of alphabets known collectively as the Runic alphabets.

the 520s to the 620s, there was a surge of Alemannic Elder Futhark inscriptions.

Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the Elder Futhark alphabet, Old Norse was written with the Younger Futhark alphabet, which only had 16 letters.

In addition to being the source of the Roman alphabet, it has been suggested that it passed northward into Venetia and from there through Raetia into the Germanic lands, where it became the Elder Futhark alphabet, the oldest form of the runes.

Among the primary source texts are short inscriptions in the Elder Futhark, among them the " bronze capsule of Schretzheim " ( c. 600 ).

A Raetic variant is conjectured to be at the origin or parallel evolution of the Elder Futhark ᛟ.

The Thorsberg chape ( a metal piece belonging to a scabbard found in the Thorsberg moor ) bears an Elder Futhark inscription, one of the earliest known altogether, dating to roughly AD 200.

The Elder Futhark rune ᚦ, called Thurs ( from Proto-Germanic * Þurisaz ), later evolved into the letter Þ.

Proto-Germanic * Ingwaz was one of the three sons of Mannus and the legendary ancestor of the Ingaevones and is also the reconstructed name of the Elder Futhark ŋ rune.

The shorter horn found in 1734 had six segments, a narrow one bearing a Proto-Norse Elder Futhark inscription at the rim and five ornamented with images.

The second horn bore an Elder Futhark inscription in Proto-Norse which is of great value for Germanic linguistics.

The second horn bore the following Elder Futhark inscription ( DR 12 † U ):

This inscription is among the earliest inscriptions in the Elder Futhark that record a full sentence, and the earliest preserving a line of alliterative verse.

The first recorded instance of the name of the god appears in the Migration Period, where a piece of jewelry ( a fibula ), the Nordendorf fibula, dating from the 7th century AD and found in Bavaria, bears an Elder Futhark inscription that contains the name " Þonar ", i. e. " Donar ", the southern Germanic form of the god's name.

The Elder Futhark Odal rune () represents the o sound.

The Western letter ( expressing / kʰ /, and later / x /) was adopted into the Old Italic alphabets, and its shape is also continued into the Algiz rune of the Elder Futhark.

The oldest known texts in Alemannic are brief Elder Futhark inscriptions dating to the 6th century ( Bülach fibula, Pforzen buckle, Nordendorf fibula ).

There are, however, a number of Elder Futhark inscriptions dating to the 6th century ( notably the Pforzen buckle ), as well as single words and many names found in Latin texts predating the 8th century.

Several bracteates also feature runic alphabet inscriptions ( a total of 133 inscriptions on bracteates are known, amounting to more than a third of the entire Elder Futhark corpus ).

11 %) bear Elder Futhark inscriptions which are often very short ; the most notable inscriptions are found on the Seeland-II-C ( offering traveling protection to the one who wears it ), Vadstena ( giving a listing of the Elder Futhark combined with a potential magical inscription ) and Tjurkö ( featuring an inscription in scaldic verse ) bracteates.

But by the 1st century AD, Pliny the Elder was in a position to claim that everyone agrees on the spherical shape of Earth, although there continued to be disputes regarding the nature of the antipodes, and how it is possible to keep the ocean in a curved shape.

The Elder Things were vegetable-like in shape, having radial symmetry instead of the bilateral symmetry of bipeds.

Among them are Alexander Calder's Eagle ( 1971 ) and Richard Serra's Wake ( 2004 ), both at the Olympic Sculpture Park ; the aforementioned Hammering Man ; Cai Guo-Qiang's Inopportune: Stage One ( 2004 ), a sculpture constructed from cars and sequenced multi-channel light tubes on display in the lobby of the SAM Downtown ; The Judgment of Paris ( c. 1516-18 ) by Lucas Cranach the Elder ; Mark Tobey's Electric Night ( 1944 ); Yéil X ' eenh ( Raven Screen ) ( c. 1810 ), attributed to the Tlingit artist Kadyisdu. axch '; Do-Ho Suh's Some / One ( 2001 ); and a coffin in the shape of a Mercedes Benz ( 1991 ) by Kane Quaye of Ghana.

The shape of the Yr rune in the Younger Futhark is the inverted shape of the Elder Futhark rune,.

Independently, the shape of the Elder Futhark Algiz rune reappears in the Younger Futhark Maðr rune, continuing the Elder Futhark rune * Mannaz.

In this context, the Man rune ( identical in shape to the Elder Futhark Algiz ) came to be understood as symbolizing " life " and called the " life rune " ( German Lebensrune ).

The corresponding Gothic letter is j, named jer, which is also based on the shape of the Elder Futhark rune.

The name is derived from the type genus Apium, which was originally used by Pliny the Elder circa 50 AD for a celery-like plant.

Ataxia is also the name of a disease in the Elder Scrolls console and PC games.

"--- what Jesus ’ immortal spirit did after His death and before His Resurrection is a mystery to all but the Latter-day Saints ---" ( Elder Spencer J. Condie, Liahona ,-Church magazine – July, 2003 ) "--- unto the wicked he did not go, and among the ungodly and the unrepentant-- his voice was not raised.

It is assumed that players will portray the children of the main characters from the books-the ruling family of Amber, known as the Elder Amberites-or a resident of the Courts.

However, since some feel that being the children of the main characters is too limiting, it is fairly common to either start with King Oberon's death before the book begins and roleplay the Elder Amberites as they vie for the throne ; or to populate Amber from scratch with a different set of Elder Amberites.

There is a surviving portrait of Agrippina the Elder in the Capitoline Museums in Rome.

* 910 – The last major Danish army to raid England is defeated at the Battle of Tettenhall by the allied forces of Mercia and Wessex, led by King Edward the Elder and Earl Aethelred of Mercia.

Along with Lucas Cranach the Elder and Wolf Huber he is regarded to be the main representative of the so called Danube School setting biblical and historical subjects against landscape backgrounds of expressive colours.

Much of the early development of purification methods is described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia.

Derleth is credited with creating the Elder Gods, and stated:

There are few direct testimonies to the language of the Cimbri: Referring to the Northern Ocean ( the Baltic or the North Sea ), Pliny the Elder states: " Philemon says that it is called Morimarusa, i. e. the Dead Sea, by the Cimbri, until the promontory of Rubea, and after that Cronium.

Two paintings ( both dated 1565 ) by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depict Dutch peasants curling — Scotland and the Low Countries had strong trading and cultural links during this period, which is also evident in the history of golf.

This diagnosis is mainly attributed to Caligula's irritability and his " stare " as described by Pliny the Elder.

Aelian's anecdotes on animals rarely depend on direct observation: they are almost entirely taken from written sources, often Pliny the Elder, but also other authors and works now lost, to whom he is thus a valuable witness.

Also in Roman times, some Essenes settled on the Dead Sea's western shore ; Pliny the Elder identifies their location with the words, " on the west side of the Dead Sea, away from the coast ... the town of Engeda " ( Natural History, Bk 5. 73 ); and it is therefore a hugely popular but contested hypothesis today, that same Essenes are identical with the settlers at Qumran and that " the Dead Sea Scrolls " discovered during the 20th century in the nearby caves had been their own library.

The earliest allusion to pandeism found to date is in 1787, in translator Gottfried Große ’ s interpretation of Pliny the Elder ’ s Natural History:

One of the earliest encyclopedic works to have survived to modern times is the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder, a Roman statesman living in the 1st century AD.

The Poetic Edda, also known as Sæmundar Edda or the Elder Edda, is a collection of Old Norse poems from the Icelandic medieval manuscript Codex Regius (" Royal Book ").

In his homeland he is revered as a righteous man by many people and clerics, among them Elder Nikolay Guryanov.