The Ethiopian calendar or Ethiopic calendar is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia and Eritrea.

* Ethiopian calendar

The Ethiopian Orthodox New Year, called Enkutatash, falls on the same date as Neyrouz ; the Ethiopian calendar year 1999 thus began on 11 September 2006.

* Meskel ( Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Church, following Julian calendar )

It is usually the first day of the year in the Coptic calendar and Ethiopian calendar ( in the period AD 1900 to AD 2099 ).

Its years and months coincide with those of the Ethiopian calendar but have different numbers and names.

* Ethiopian calendar

The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria celebrates the feast day of Saint Basil on the 6th of Tobi ( 6th of Terr on the Ethiopian calendar of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church ).

The Ethiopian calendar is based on this reformed calendar but uses Amharic names for its months and uses a different era.

In 1944 ( EE1936 in the Ethiopian calendar ), coins were reintroduced, with copper 1, 5, 10 and 25 santim and silver 50 santim.

The church is a significant center of pilgrimage for Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, especially during the main Festival of Zion Maryam on 30 November ( 21 Hidar on the Ethiopian calendar ).

In the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the feast is known as Timkat and is celebrated on the day that the Gregorian calendar calls 19 January, but on 20 January in years when Enkutatash in the Ethiopian calendar falls on Gregorian 12 September ( i. e. when the following February in the Gregorian calendar will have 29 days ).

In the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the feast is known as Timkat and is celebrated on the day that the Gregorian calendar calls 19 January, but on 20 January in years when Enkutatash in the Ethiopian calendar falls on Gregorian 12 September ( i. e. when the following February in the Gregorian calendar will have 29 days ).

In the Amharic Bible used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church ( an Oriental Orthodox Church ), those books of the Old Testament that are still counted as canonical, but not by all other Churches, are often set in a separate section titled " Deeyutrokanoneekal " ( ዲዩትሮካኖኒካል ), which is the same word.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church prescribes a number of fasting ( tsom Ge ' ez: ጾም ṣōm ) periods, including Wednesdays, Fridays, and the entire Lenten season, so Ethiopian cuisine contains many dishes that are vegan ( Amharic: ye-tsom የጾም ye-ṣōm, Tigrinya: nay-tsom ናይጾም nāy-ṣōm ).

The name Rastafari is taken from Ras Tafari, the pre-regnal title of Haile Selassie I, composed of Amharic Ras ( literally " Head ", an Ethiopian title equivalent to Duke ), and Haile Selassie's pre-regnal given name, Tafari.

Rastafari learn and know Amharic, both because this was the language of Haile Selassie I, and in order to further their identity as Ethiopian.

Eragrostis tef, known as Xaafii, ( Oromiffa ), teff, taf ( Amharic ጤፍ ṭēff, Tigrinya ጣፍ ṭaff ), is an annual grass, a species of lovegrass native to the northern Ethiopian Highlands of Northeast Africa.

Common names include teff, lovegrass, annual bunch grass ( English ); Ṭeff / Ṭéff ( Amharic, both representing the same sound, an ejective consonant ); Ṭaffi / xaffi ( Oromo, both representing the same sound ); Ṭaff ( Tigrinya ); and mil éthiopien ( French-' Ethiopian millet ').

Degaga (" Mamo ") Wolde ( Amharic: ደጋጋ (" ማሞ ") ዎልደ ; June 12, 1932 – May 26, 2002 ) was an Ethiopian long distance track and road running athlete.

Later, it was translated into almost every language, including Chinese ( with translator Lin Shu creating the first Chinese translation of an American novel in 1901 ) and Amharic ( with the 1930 translation created in support of Ethiopian efforts to end the suffering of blacks in that nation ).

* date unknown-Abu Rumi, Ethiopian translator of the Bible into Amharic ( born c. 1750 )

* Ethiopia: 2 May 1889 Treaty of Wuchale, in the Italian language version, stated that Ethiopia was to become an Italian protectorate, while the Ethiopian Amharic language version merely stated that the Emperor could, if he so chose, go through Italy to conduct foreign affairs.

* Ge ' ez, the predecessor of many Ethiopian Semitic languages ( e. g. Amharic, Tigrinya, Tigre ) used as a liturgical language by Ethiopian Jews and by Ethiopian Christians ( in both the Orthodox Tewahedo and the Catholic churches ).

* Sirak Heruy, son of Ethiopian intellectual Heruy Welde Sellase, translated Rasselas into Amharic, one of the major languages of Ethiopia.

When summoned to the court of the young Emperor ( negusä nägäst ) Za Dengel, his knowledge of Amharic and Ge ' ez, as well as his knowledge of Ethiopian customs impressed the sovereign so much that Za Dengel decided to convert from the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church to Catholicism -- although Páez warned him not to announce his declaration too quickly.

For example, until the 1960s, Latin Rite Roman Catholics held Masses in Latin rather than in vernaculars ; to this day the Coptic Church holds liturgies in Coptic, not Arabic ; the Ethiopian Orthodox Church holds liturgies in Ge ' ez though parts of Mass are read in Amharic.

It is also the view expressed in the modern canonical Amharic Ethiopian Orthodox Bible.

This also is the view of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, supported by their own Ge ' ez manuscripts and Amharic translation of the Haile Selassie Bible — where the canonical books of 1 Enoch and Jubilees differ from western academic editions.

" Satta Massagana " is a Rastafarian hymn sung partly in the ancient Ethiopian Amharic language.

* Suwa ( Tigrinya language ), a local Ethiopian beer, see Tella ( Amharic language )

Besides having almost all the legends in Amharic, there are two features which help to immediately identify an Ethiopian birr.

Million Wolde ( Amharic: ሚሊዮን ወልዴ ; born March 17, 1979 ) is an Ethiopian athlete, winner of the 5000 metres at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

Beta Israel (-Beyte ( beyt ) Israel, Ge ' ez: ቤተ እስራኤል-Bēta ' Isrā ' ēl, modern Bēte ' Isrā ' ēl, EAE: " Betä Ǝsraʾel ", " Community of Israel " also known as Ethiopian Jews (: Yhudey Etiopiya, Ge ' ez: " የኢትዮጵያ አይሁድዊ ", ye-Ityoppya Ayhudi ), are the names of Jewish communities which lived in the area of Aksumite and Ethiopian Empires ( Habesh or Abyssinia ), nowadays divided between Amhara and Tigray Regions.

The Aethiopian Sea, Ethiopic Ocean or Ethiopian Ocean ( Okeanos Aithiopos ), is an old name for what is now called the South Atlantic Ocean, which is separated from the North Atlantic Ocean by a narrow region between Natal, Brazil and Monrovia, Liberia.

Following the war, Italy occupied Ethiopia for five years ( 1936 – 41 ), before eventually being driven out during World War II by British Empire and Ethiopian patriot forces.

Some accounts regard members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church ( roughly 45 million ), the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church ( roughly 2. 5 million ), as members of the Coptic Orthodox Church.

During the protracted Ethiopian-Adal War ( 1529 – 1559 ), Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi defeated several Ethiopian Emperors and embarked on a conquest referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash (" Conquest of Abyssinia "), which brought three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the power of the Muslim Adal Sultanate.

While Djibouti ’ s President Ismail Omar Guelleh has close ties with Ethiopia ’ s ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ), he has tried to maintain an even hand, developing relations with Eritrea.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Deuterocanon, in addition to the standard set listed above, along with the books of Esdras and Prayer of Minasse, also includes some books that are still held canonical by only the Ethiopian Church, including Enoch or Henok ( I Enoch ), Kufale ( Jubilees ) and 1, 2 and 3 Meqabyan ( which are sometimes wrongly confused with the " Books of Maccabees ").

Central areas of Eritrea and most tribes in today's northern Ethiopia share a common background and cultural heritage in the Kingdom of Aksum ( and its successor dynasties ) of the first millennium ( as well as the first millennium BC kingdom of D ’ mt ), and in its Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Church ( today, with an autocephalous Eritrean branch ), as well as in its Ge ' ez language.

Even whom should be considered the earliest known king is contested: although C. Conti Rossini proposed that Zoskales of Axum, mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, should be identified with one Za Haqle mentioned in the Ethiopian King Lists ( a view embraced by later historians of Ethiopia such as Yuri M. Kobishchanov and Sergew Hable Sellasie ), G. W. B.

An early Muslim tradition is that the Negus Ashama ibn Abjar offered asylum to a group of Muslims fleeing persecution during Muhammad's life ( 615 ), but Stuart Munro-Hay believes that Axum had been abandoned as the capital by then – although Kobishchanov states that Ethiopian raiders plagued the Red Sea, preying on Arabian ports at least as late as 702.

The Ethiopian constitution defines the right to own land as belonging only to " the state and the people ", but citizens may only lease land ( up to 99 years ), and are unable to mortgage, sell, or own it.

* 681 km ( Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway ), all narrow gauge ( 1902 – 2010 )

Many historians trace modern Ethiopian foreign policy to the reign of Emperor Tewodros II, whose primary concerns were the security of Ethiopia's traditional borders, obtaining technology from Europe ( or modernization ), and to a lesser degree Ethiopian rights to the monastery of Dar-es-Sultan in the city of Jerusalem.

The same major interests that Tewodros had — the security of Ethiopia's traditional borders and modernization — were once again foremost, as demonstrated by the outcome of the First Italo – Ethiopian War, Ethiopia's admission to the League of Nations ( 28 September 1923 ), and the 1935 Second Italo-Abyssinian War.

Ethiopian cuisine characteristically consists of spicy vegetable and meat dishes, usually in the form of wat ( or wot ), a thick stew, served atop injera, a large sourdough flatbread, which is about 50 centimeters ( 20 inches ) in diameter and made out of fermented teff flour.

Ethiopian cuisine mostly consists of breads, stews ( known as wat ), grains, and spices.

Another distinctive Ethiopian dish is kitfo ( frequently spelled ketfo ), which consists of raw ( or rare ) beef mince marinated in mitmita ( Ge ' ez: ሚጥሚጣ mīṭmīṭā, a very spicy chili powder ) and niter kibbeh.

He was sent in 1515 as part of the Portuguese embassy to the ( Emperor of Ethiopia ), accompanied by the Ethiopian ambassador Matheus.

Usually five epagomenal days are included within every year ( Egyptian, Coptic, Ethiopian and French Republican calendars ), but a sixth epagomenal day is intercalated every four years in some ( Coptic, Ethiopian and French Republican calendars ).