* European Currency Unit

The predecessor to the euro, the European Currency Unit ( ECU ), had the code XEU.

In June 1990, Major suggested that the proposed Single European Currency should be a " hard ecu ", competing for use against existing national currencies ; this idea was not in the end adopted.

For the rest of Major's premiership the main argument was over whether Britain would join the planned European Single Currency.

The main development overseen by the Jenkins Commission was the development of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union from 1977, which began in 1979 as the European Monetary System, a forerunner of the Single Currency or Euro.

In January 1994, the European Development Fund ( EDF ) granted 1. 3 million European Currency Units ( ECUs ; for value, see Glossary ) to Comoros to develop small businesses.

* European Currency Unit, a former basket of the currencies of the European Community, precursor to the euro

* A tie to the European Currency Unit is introduced unilaterally on May 17, 1991.

Quinn served as the President of the Ecofin Council of the European Union in 1996, and worked to accelerate the launch of the European Single Currency, whilst securing Ireland's qualification for the eurozone.

On 31 December 1998, the exchange rates between the European Currency Unit and the Irish pound and 10 other EMS currencies ( all but the pound sterling, the Swedish krona and the Danish krone ) were fixed.

* Allied Military Currency, banknotes 1943-1947 in several European countries

The ACU was inspired by the now defunct European Currency Unit, replaced by the Euro.

A modern unit of account is the European Currency Unit, used in the European Union from 1979 to 1998 ; its replacement in 1999, the euro, was also just a unit of account until the introduction of notes and coins in 2002.

Before the introduction of the euro, exchange rates were based on the European Currency Unit ( ECU ), the European unit of account, whose value was determined as a weighted average of the participating currencies.

At the following Council meeting in Bremen, Germany in June 1978 the basic features of the European Monetary System were outlined, including the creation of the ECU – European Currency Unit, a basket of the Community's currencies used to determine exchange rates, and the forerunner of the euro.

The ECU itself replaced the European Unit of Account, also at parity, on 13 March 1979.

The European Union's External border ( with Kaliningrad and Belarus ) is patrolled by Aviation Unit of the Lithuanian State Border Guard Service which received new helicopters EC-120, EC-135 and EC-145.

* European Size Unit, a measurement of economic size used in farming

Especially the 45 ft pallet-wide high-cube shortsea container has gained wider acceptance as these containers can replace the 13. 6 m swap bodies that are common for truck transport in Europe – the EU has started a standardization for pallet wide containerization in the EILU ( European Intermodal Loading Unit ) initiative.

* European Chemicals Bureau, the Toxicology and Chemical Substances Unit of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission

From that time ( 2000 ), JET's experimental programme was then co-ordinated by the European Fusion Development Agreement ( EFDA ) Close Support Unit.

The ILL shares its site, the ' epn science campus ', with other institutions including the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ) and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory ( EMBL ) and the Unit for Viral Host Cell Interactions ( UVHCI ).

Scientists of the Research Unit Potsdam of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association have decrypted a mechanism in which a shrinking summertime sea ice cover changes the air pressure zones in the Arctic atmosphere and impacts on European winter weather.

First produced in 1945 by the Special Services Unit, the show toured European Army bases for two years.

The European Exchange Rate Mechanism attempted to minimize fluctuations between member state currencies and the ECU.

The International Canoe Federation ( ICF ), The European Canoe Union ( ECU ) and the British Canoe Union ( BCU ) all hold events in Llangollen.

The European Ultramarathon Cup ( ECU ) is an annual series covering several of the biggest races in different European countries.

In March 1979, this system was replaced by the European Monetary System, and the European Currency Unit ( ECU ) was defined.

One driving force behind this is the increasing adoption of the engine Electronic Control Unit ( ECU ), which provides one method of controlling exhaust gas emissions within US and European standards.

While at the Central Bank in Belgium ( National Bank of Belgium ) he implemented the convergence mechanism ( ECU ) to the single European currency system.

He received the Deutscher Schachpreis ( German Chess Award ) of the German Chess Federation on two occasions ( 1983 / 2001 ) for his commitment to the sport of chess, as well as the Medal of the European Chess Union ( ECU ) and the Gold Merit Award of the World Chess Federation FIDE in 2002.

The fact that the coin's name was the same as ECU, the abbreviation of the European Currency Unit, may have assisted the ECU's adoption by France despite its being an acronym of English words.

The ECU was an internal accounting unit for the European Community until it was superseded by the Euro, an actual currency, in 2002.

Audi made a high-performance, 4. 2 litre V8 engine ( parts code prefix: 077, identification code: AEC ) with a Bosch KE-Motronic ECU available as an option in the original European S4s, and made the decision to continue to do so with the S6, making a version of the 4. 2 available as an optional upgrade over the 2. 2 litre inline five-cylinder turbo.

It satisfied the European Union EU3 emissions standard, and was managed by a Bosch Motronic ME 7. 0 electronic engine control unit ( ECU ) with manifold-sited sequential fuel injection, mapped direct ignition with eight individual spark coils, Bosch longlife spark plugs, four heated lambda sensors and two catalytic converters, cylinder-selective knock control and a Bosch " E-Gas " drive by wire throttle.

To do so, something was necessary beyond volunteering because there was little glamour or romance in the European war ; ;

Lincoln learned from his chief of staff General Henry Halleck, a student of the European strategist Jomini, of the critical need to control strategic points, such as the Mississippi River ; he also knew well the importance of Vicksburg and understood the necessity of defeating the enemy's army, rather than simply capturing territory.

Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, Euro-Atlantic Partnership ; World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies ; the International Monetary Fund ; and the World Bank.

Eastern European theorists include Pyotr Stolypin ( 1862 – 1911 ) and Alexander Chayanov ( 1888 – 1939 ) in Russia ; Adolph Wagner ( 1835 – 1917 ), and Karl Oldenberg in Germany, and Bolesław Limanowski ( 1835 – 1935 ) in Poland.

* 1803 – Thousands of meteor fragments fall from the skies of L ' Aigle, France ; the event convinces European science that meteors exist.

Throughout European history, philosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, among others, contemplated the possibility that souls exist in animals, plants, and people ; however, the currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the 19th century by Sir Edward Tylor, who created it as " one of anthropology's earliest concepts, if not the first ".

The fact that mate is so prevalent in the Southern Cone, however, shouldn't necessarily make visitors think that other infusions are rare in the region ; in Argentina especially, given the strong European cultural imprint, the consumption of coffee is very common ( 141 cups per capita, annually ).

Ajax is historically one of the most successful clubs in the world ; according to the IFFHS, Ajax were the seventh most successful European club of the 20th century.

The club is one of the five teams that has earned the right to keep the European Cup and to wear a multiple-winner badge ; they won consecutively in 1971 – 1973.

In 1972, they completed the European treble by winning the Dutch Eredivisie, KNVB Cup, and the European Cup ; to date, they are the only team to keep the European Cup and accomplish the European treble.

Johan Cruijff played at Ajax between 1959 – 73 and 1981 – 83, winning 3 European Cups ; his # 14 is the only squad number Ajax has ever retired.

Empress Adelaide was perhaps the most prominent European woman of the 10th century ; she was regent of the Holy Roman Empire as the guardian of her grandson in 991-995.

He succeeded in imposing an organized government upon the fiercest and most unruly population in Asia ; he availed himself of European inventions for strengthening his armament, while he sternly set his face against all innovations which, like Railways and Telegraphs, might give Europeans a foothold within his country.

* support for Israel, the United States and European integration ;

The Bahamas has a few notable industrial firms: the Freeport pharmaceutical firm, PFC Bahamas ( formerly Syntex ), which recently streamlined its production and was purchased by the Swiss pharmaceutical firm Roche ; the BORCO oil facility, also in Freeport, which transships oil in the region ; the Commonwealth Brewery in Nassau, which produces Heineken, Guinness, and Kalik beers ; and Bacardi Corp., which distills rum in Nassau for shipment to the U. S. and European markets.

The Council of the European Union decided against Belarus in 1997: The PCA was not concluded, nor was its trade-related part ; Belarusian membership in the Council of Europe was not supported ; bilateral relations at the ministerial level were suspended and EU technical assistance programs were frozen.