* 1861 – Edith Roosevelt, American wife of Theodore Roosevelt, 27th First Lady of the United States ( d. 1948 )

* 1801 – First Barbary War: The American schooner captures the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship action off the coast of modern-day Libya.

* 1860 – Florence Harding, American publisher, 31st First Lady of the United States ( d. 1924 )

* 1938 – Kenny Rogers, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor ( The New Christy Minstrels and The First Edition )

* 1890 – The Pan-American Union is founded by the First International Conference of American States in Washington, D. C.

Armoured trains saw use during the 19th century in the American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), the Franco-Prussian War ( 1870 – 1871 ), the First and Second Boer Wars ( 1880 – 81 and 1899 – 1902 ), the First ( 1914 – 1918 ) and Second World Wars ( 1939 – 1945 ) and the First Indochina War ( 1946 – 1954 ).

Franklin earned the title of " The First American " for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity ; as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies, then as the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation.

The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin ( 2000 )- excellent long scholarly biography excerpt and text search

The First Scientific American: Benjamin Franklin and the Pursuit of Genius.

* Benjamin Franklin: First American Diplomat, 1776 – 1785 US State Department

* First North American blizzard of 2010

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

Codebooks and codebook publishers proliferated, including one run as a front for the American Black Chamber run by Herbert Yardley between the First and Second World Wars.

By the 1980s, several independent publishers, such as Pacific, Eclipse, First, Comico, and Fantagraphics had started releasing a wide range of styles and formats — from color superhero, detective, and science fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of Latin American magical realism.

Traditional stories from many Native American, First Nations, and Aboriginal cultures include a deity whose name is translated into English as " Coyote ".

First, Kennedy had explicitly promised the American people less than a month before the crisis that " if Cuba should possess a capacity to carry out offensive actions against the United States ... the United States would act.

Many legal scholars believe that a number of legal cases, in particular Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, established that the use of content-control software in libraries is a violation of the First Amendment.

The Children's Internet Protection Act and the June 2003 case United States v. American Library Association found CIPA constitutional as a condition placed on the receipt of federal funding, stating that First Amendment concerns were dispelled by the law's provision that allowed adult library users to have the filtering software disabled, without having to explain the reasons for their request.

Alexander was awarded the First Gold Medal for Research by the American Institute of Architects in 1972.

In your Sept. 27 editorial appraisal of the work of the First Session of the Eighty-seventh Congress you referred to the lack of `` consciousness of destiny in a time of acute national and world peril ''.

Turkey's First Geography Congress in 1941 created two regions to the east of the Gulf of Iskenderun-Black Sea line named the Eastern Anatolia Region and the Southeastern Anatolia Region, the former largely corresponding to the western part of the Armenian Highland, the latter to the northern part of the Mesopotamian plain.

The provinces of Turkey are organized into 7 census-defined regions (), which were originally defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941.

First conceived during the Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower as a three-man spacecraft to follow the one-man Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal of " landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth " by the end of the 1960s, which he proposed in a May 25, 1961 address to Congress.

Aachen was chosen as the site of several important congresses and peace treaties: the first congress of Aachen ( often referred to as Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in English ) in 1668, leading to the First Treaty of Aachen in the same year which ended the War of Devolution.

First Brown President and Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation James Manning ( minister ) | James Manning.

To consider but one example, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution states " Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof "— but interpretation ( that is, determining the fine boundaries, and resolving the tension between the " establishment " and " free exercise " clauses ) of each of the important terms was delegated by Article III of the Constitution to the judicial branch, so that the current legal boundaries of the Constitutional text can only be determined by consulting the common law.

* Dennis W. Hess, CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF DIELECTRIC AND METAL FILMSfree-download from Electronic Materials and Processing: Proceedings of the First Electronic Materials and Processing Congress held in conjunction with the 1988 World Materials Congress Chicago, Illinois, USA, 24-30 September 1988, Edited by Prabjit Singh ( Sponsored by the Electronic Materials and Processing Division of ASM INTERNATIONAL )

Museum of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

After the war, Eastman organized the First Feminist Congress in 1919.

* First Feminist Congress

In August, Washington attended the First Virginia Convention, where he was selected as a delegate to the First Continental Congress.

Napoleon transformed the Italian principality of Elba, where he was imprisoned, into a miniature version of his First Empire, with most trappings of a sovereign monarchy, until his Cent Jours escape and reseizure of power in France convinced his opponents, reconvening the Vienna Congress in 1815, to revoke his gratuitous privileges and send him to die in exile on barren Saint Helena.

In 1897, the Zionist Organisation was founded and the First Zionist Congress proclaimed its aim " to establish a home for the Jewish people in Palestine secured under public law.

In 1774, Middleton was elected as a delegate from South Carolina to the First Continental Congress.

* 1959 – First United States Congress elections in Hawaii as a state of the Union.

* Heidler, David S. " The Politics of National Aggression: Congress and the First Seminole War ," Journal of the Early Republic 1993 13 ( 4 ): 501 – 530.

President William Howard Taft devoted a considerable portion of his First Annual Message to Congress ( December 7, 1909 ) to the Liberian question, noting the close historical ties between the two countries that gave an opening for a wider intervention:

At the First Congress of Soviets in June, he was elected a member of the first All-Russian Central Executive Committee (" VTsIK ") from the Mezhraiontsy faction.

He became involved with the Kuomintang, attending their First Congress, held in Canton in January and February 1924.

Congress cut off funding for the Braille magazine translation in 1985, but U. S. District Court Judge Thomas Hogan reversed the decision on First Amendment grounds.

In August 1774, Lee was chosen as a delegate to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia.

Site of the Museum of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party | First National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a typical shikumen building