When Otto was carried off the field by his wounded and terrified horse, and Ferdinand, Count of Flanders, severely wounded, was captured by the French, the Flemish and Imperial troops saw that the battle was lost, turned and fled from the battlefield.

He saw Roderic de Lalanne, a Flemish knight arrive with two little ships and 60 German soldiers and meet James IV and talk to Warbeck.

Of the same years is the Crucifixion in the Royal Museum of Antwerp: his early works shows a marked Flemish influence, which it is now understood he derived from his master Colantonio and from works by Rogier van der Weyden and Jan van Eyck that belonged to Colantonio's patron, Alfonso V of Aragon ; his biographer Vasari remarked that Antonello saw at Naples an oil painting by Jan Van Eyck ( the " Lomellini Tryptych ") belonging to King Alfonso V of Aragon ; Vasari's further narrative, that being struck by the new method, set out for the Netherlands to acquire a knowledge of the process from Van Eyck's disciples is discredited today.

The weapon was used to great effect by the guildsmen of Flanders ' wealthy cities against the French knights during the Guldensporenslag or Battle of the Golden Spurs near Kortrijk ( Courtrai ) on 11 July 1302 ; however, on account of superior but more expensive alternatives, it saw limited service from the fifteenth century on, being used exclusively by the Flemish " burgers ".

Generally, however, the Volksunie preferred to position itself around the centre and saw itself as a coalition of various shades of Flemish thought.

It had its " golden age " during the peak of the Flemish immigration to Wallonia in the 19th century: " That period saw an efflorescence of Walloon literature, plays and poems primarily, and the founding of many theaters and periodicals.

The late 1960s saw all major Belgian political parties splitting up into either Flemish or Francophone wings.

It also saw the emergence of the first major nationalist Flemish party, the Volksunie ( Popular Union, but not in a communist sense ).

The Vlaams Belang ( a political party formerly demonized by Wilders ), said they supported this idea, because they saw the formation of a " Federation of the Netherlands " as a logical and desirable consequence of a Flemish secession from Belgium.

Based on this personal tally, on the successful tally of his party, and on the general election tallies which saw progress for most parties making the strongest demands for greater Flemish autonomy, such as CD & V, New-Flemish Alliance and the new Lijst Dedecker LDD ), status quo for the left-wing Greens, and regression for the far right Vlaams Belang and parties making only modest demands for greater Flemish autonomy, such as OpenVLD and Socialist Party-Different.

Impressed by a 17th-century Flemish still life painting by Clara Peeters that they saw in Europe, they sought out information on Peeters and found that the definitive art history texts referenced neither her nor any other woman artist.

The reign of James VI of Scotland ( or James I of England ( 1603 – 1625 )), a disciple of the new scholarship, saw the first decisive adoption of Renaissance motifs in a free form communicated to England through German and Flemish carvers rather than directly from Italy.

In the late 20th century, Belgium became a federal state in which the Dutch-speaking part was given autonomy as the Flemish Community () and the Flemish Region (); these two entities were effectively merged, and Flanders now refers to the territory of the Flemish Community, which additionally has partial jurisdiction over Brussels.

From then on, these three Communities were known as the Flemish Community, the French Community and the German-speaking Community.

The official language in Flemish Brabant is Dutch ( as it is in the whole of Flanders ), but a few municipalities are to a certain extent allowed to use French to communicate with their citizens ; these are called the municipalities with language facilities.

Following an agreement between the Dutch and Flemish governments in 1995, many of these wrecks have been removed to improve shipping access to Antwerp.

The Flemish viewpoint is that these facilities existed temporarily in order to assist those French-speakers who already had come to live there to help them integrate in the Flemish region and eventually learn the Dutch language.

In 1642, at the age of 26, he moved to Madrid, where he most likely became familiar with the work of Velázquez, and would have seen the work of Venetian and Flemish masters in the royal collections ; the rich colors and softly modeled forms of his subsequent work suggest these influences.

This is strongly opposed by all Flemish parties, who say that these newer inhabitants should respect and learn the language of their new region.

All these arrangements are forms of Double Flemish Bond, so called because the brickwork appears as Flemish bond from both the front and the rear.

The most important of these is the Vlaamse Volksbeweging ( VVB, Flemish People's Movement ).

In order to achieve this result, it is necessary that all civil and military functions are entrusted to Walloons and Luxemburgers ; this way, the Flemish, temporarily deprived of the advantages of these offices, will be constrained to learn French, and we will hence destroy bit by bit the Germanic element in Belgium.

Although equalization payments between richer and poorer regions are common in federal states, the amount, the visibility and the utilization of these financial transfers are a singularly important issue for the Flemish Movement.

Besides the Greater Netherlands ( invented by Pieter Geyl ), and the Whole-Netherlands proposed by these Flemish nationalists ( including Jan Derk Domela Nyegaard ), there are other names for the state that could unite Flanders and the Netherlands.

In the Flemish tradition these were often – perhaps always – sold together with a large virginals, to which the ottavino could be coupled ( see Double Virginals below ).

# Municipalities, provinces and interurban organisations: includes the allocating of financial resources to the 308 Flemish municipalities and to the Flemish provinces, and administrative supervision of these communes and provinces and their laws.

Though these Spanish naval forces were not strong enough to contest Dutch naval supremacy, Spain waged a very successful Guerre de Course, especially against the Dutch herring fisheries, despite attempts by the Dutch to blockade the Flemish coast.

The Flemish and Hollandic towns began to prosper and to assert their commercial supremacy over the North Sea, and these cities won privileges amounting almost to political independence.

At the same time, French-speakers from the civil society like Professor Philippe Van Parijs and French-speakers among the members of the Brussels Enterprises Commerce and Industry association ( BECI ) made proposals meant at addressing these issues ( among others ) while addressing at the same time Flemish concerns and demand for respect of the Flemish ' principle of territoriality ':

As these were extremely valuable, often commanded by the very richest art-buyers, including princes who hung them in their palaces and even took them on their travels as prestigious displays of wealth, often with a visual message, especially the world-famous Flemish ateliers were deemed worthy to have cartons made by some of the greatest graphic artists of the time, including such celebrated painters as Rubens.

They see the incorporation of the territory into the Brussels as a threat to the language and cultural rights of Flemish residents, and that a precedent would be set that would invite further Francophone migration to other municipalities with facilities.

Wezembeek-Oppem is one of the six municipalities with language facilities in the Flemish Region surrounding the Brussels-Capital Region.

The Flemish Community also organizes educational facilities in the community school Hertog-Jan, which is a primary school and a middle school as well.

In December 2006, the Flemish Government decided to abolish all official French translations in Flemish municipalities and villages, including municipalities with language facilities.

# Language use: including language use in schools and universities, in the Flemish and local administrations, and in relations between employers and employees in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, with exception of the ' language facilities ' enjoyed in some municipalities.

The 1932 law was implemented only once, as the invasion of Belgium by Nazi Germany in 1940 prevented the organization of the decennial census, which was organized in 1947 and applied only on July 2, 1954, when an ad hoc law modifying the law of June 28, 1932 on the use of languages for administrative matters transferred three previously unilingual Flemish municipalities with language facilities to the French-speaking minority ( Evere, Ganshoren and Berchem-Sainte-Agathe / Sint-Agatha-Berchem ) to the bilingual region of Brussels, thus and introduced language facilities for the French-speaking minority in four previously unilingual Flemish municipalities ( Drogenbos, Kraainem, Wemmel and Linkebeek ).

Previously, an overall majority would have been enough, which could have in theory allowed a near-unanimity of Flemish representatives to impose an abolition of the facilities against the unanimous wish of the French-speaking representatives.

::* The Dutch-speaking Community finances 9 French-speaking nursery & primary schools in Flemish municipalities with language facilities for French-speakers: Drogenbos ( 1 ), Linkebeek ( 1 ), Sint-Genesius-Rode / Rhode-Saint-Genèse ( 2 ), Wemmel ( 1 ), Kraainem / Crainhem ( 1 ), Wezembeek-Oppem ( 2 ), Ronse / Renaix ( 1 )

::* 1 special French-speaking school for sick children ( falling under a different law ) in the Flemish municipality ( not with language facilities ) of De Haan / Le Coq, linked with the paediatric medical centre of Zeepreventorium.

In 2007, the Flemish government had decided that French-speaking schools in Flanders should be inspected by Flemish inspectors but the Constitutional Court cancelled this decision in 2010 for the municipalities with language facilities around Brussels and confirmed its judgement in 2011 while extending it to all Flemish municipalities with language facilities for French-speakers.

In the late 1990s, two Flemish ministers ( Leo Peeters and Luc Vandenbrande ) proposed a stricter interpretation of the above laws and instructed the Flemish municipalities with facilities for the French-speakers to send all documents only in Dutch and to provide a French translated version only to people who would place an individual formal request which should be renewed for every document.