* Flipped SU ( 5 ) — SU ( 5 ) × U ( 1 )

Flipped SU ( 5 ) is not a fully unified model, because the U ( 1 ) y factor of the SM gauge group is within the U ( 1 ) factor of the GUT group.

The Flipped SU ( 5 ) model states that the gauge group is:

Flipped SO ( 10 ) is a grand unified theory which is to standard SO ( 10 ) as flipped SU ( 5 ) is to SU ( 5 ).

The most coincidental thing is both Farrell and Morgan were big fans of the M * A * S * H series during its early seasons before they both joined the cast, with Morgan having also appeared as " General Bartford Hamilton Steele " in the season-three episode " The General Flipped at Dawn " ( for which he won an Emmy Award for Best Guest Role in a Primetime Comedy Series ).

Flipped bits are the only kind of error in classical computer, but there is another possibility of an error with quantum computers, the sign flip.

Another song from Flipped Out in Singapore, “ She Gets ”, is featured on the soundtrack to William Friedkin ’ s 2006 movie, Bug starring Ashley Judd.

: A three-disc version of Xen Cuts was also released ( ZENCD 049X ) which included Xen Cuts Missed Flipped and Skipped.

With the new lineup, featuring Meade, Metzger, McBay, Preston, and Bell, the band recorded their sophomore effort, Flipped Out in Singapore, for which they employed the services of Nirvana ’ s Nevermind producer, Butch Vig.

later produced 2 Krazy Devils ' only album, Flipped Insanity, before the group disbanded in 1996.

Flipped the original image, left right.

She also wrote the standalone teen romance Flipped in a he-said she-said style with the two protagonists alternately presenting their perspective on a shared set of events.

Historically, the first true GUT which was based on the simple Lie group SU ( 5 ), was proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow in 1974.

SU ( 5 ) is the simplest GUT.

The fact that all currently known ( 2009 ) matter particles fit nicely into three copies of the smallest group representations of SU ( 5 ) and immediately carry the correct observed charges, is one of the first and most important reasons why people believe that a Grand Unified Theory might actually be realized in nature.

Schematic representation of fermions and bosons in SU ( 5 ) GUT showing 5 + 10 split in the multiplets.

The two smallest irreducible representations of SU ( 5 ) are 5 and 10.

Here, the unification of matter is even more complete, since the irreducible spinor representation 16 contains both the and 10 of SU ( 5 ) and a right-handed neutrino, and thus the complete particle content of one generation of the extended standard model with neutrino masses.

Since different standard model fermions are grouped together in larger representations, GUTs specifically predict relations among the fermion masses, such as between the electron and the down quark, the muon and the strange quark, and the tau lepton and the bottom quark for SU ( 5 ) and SO ( 10 ).

The boson matrix for SO ( 10 ) is found by taking the 15x15 matrix from the 10 + 5 representation of SU ( 5 ) and adding an extra row and column for the right handed neutrino.

The renormalization group running of the three gauge couplings in the Standard Model has been found to nearly, but not quite, meet at the same point if the hypercharge is normalized so that it is consistent with SU ( 5 ) or SO ( 10 ) GUTs, which are precisely the GUT groups which lead to a simple fermion unification.

* Georgi – Glashow model — SU ( 5 )

They are the minimal left-right model, SU ( 5 ), flipped SU ( 5 ) and the Pati-Salam model.

This experimental limit on the proton's lifetime pretty much rules out minimal SU ( 5 ).

Image: Proton_decay2. svg | Dimension 6 proton decay mediated by the X boson in SU ( 5 ) GUT

Image: proton decay3. svg | Dimension 6 proton decay mediated by the X boson in flipped SU ( 5 ) GUT

Image: proton decay4. svg | Dimension 6 proton decay mediated by the triplet Higgs and the anti-triplet Higgs in SU ( 5 ) GUT

* minimal left-right model — SU ( 3 )< sub > C </ sub > × SU ( 2 )< sub > L </ sub > × SU ( 2 )< sub > R </ sub > × U ( 1 )< sub > B-L </ sub >

* Pati-Salam model — SU ( 4 ) × SU ( 2 ) × SU ( 2 )

He formulated the quark model of hadronic resonances, and identified the SU ( 3 ) flavor symmetry of the light quarks, extending isospin to include strangeness, which he also discovered.

In this model the standard model gauge groups SU ( 3 )&# 215 ; SU ( 2 )&# 215 ; U ( 1 ) are combined into a single simple gauge group -- SU ( 5 ).

The unified group SU ( 5 ) is then thought to be spontaneously broken to the standard model subgroup at some high energy scale called the grand unification scale.

The standard model quarks and leptons fit neatly into representations of SU ( 5 ).

It can be embedded within an SO ( 10 ) unification model ( as can SU ( 5 )).

The Pati – Salam model states that the gauge group is either SU ( 4 ) × SU ( 2 )< sub > L </ sub >× SU ( 2 )< sub > R </ sub > or ( SU ( 4 ) × SU ( 2 )< sub > L </ sub >× SU ( 2 )< sub > R </ sub > ) / Z < sub > 2 </ sub > and the fermions form three families, each consisting of the representations ( 4, 2, 1 ) and.

Mathematically, the unification is accomplished under an SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) gauge group.

While the description of strong and weak interactions within the Standard Model is based on gauge symmetries governed by the simple symmetry groups SU ( 3 ) and SU ( 2 ) which allow only discrete charges, the remaining component, the weak hypercharge interaction is described by an abelian symmetry U ( 1 ) which in principle allows for arbitrary charge assignments.

It turns out that including left and right-handed 4x4 quaternion matrices is equivalent to including a single right-multiplication by a unit quaternion which adds an extra SU ( 2 ) and so has an extra neutral boson and two more charged bosons.

Some GUT theories like SU ( 5 ) and SO ( 10 ) suffer from what is called the doublet-triplet problem.

As an approach to the unification of the forces, it is straightforward to apply the Kaluza – Klein theory in an attempt to unify gravity with the strong and electroweak forces by using the symmetry group of the Standard Model, SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ).

For example, the Lie algebra of SU ( n ) is written as.

* The group U ( 1 )× SU ( 2 )× SU ( 3 ) is a Lie group of dimension 1 + 3 + 8 = 12 that is the gauge group of the Standard Model in particle physics.

It is the study of the SU ( 3 ) Yang – Mills theory of color-charged fermions ( the quarks ).

QCD is a gauge theory of the SU ( 3 ) gauge group obtained by taking the color charge to define a local symmetry.

If one considers a version of QCD with N < sub > f </ sub > flavors of massless quarks, then there is a global ( chiral ) flavor symmetry group SU < sub > L </ sub >( N < sub > f </ sub >) × SU < sub > R </ sub >( N < sub > f </ sub >) × U < sub > B </ sub >( 1 ) × U < sub > A </ sub >( 1 ).

The chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken by the QCD vacuum to the vector ( L + R ) SU < sub > V </ sub >( N < sub > f </ sub >) with the formation of a chiral condensate.