The Trekboers, as they were originally known, were mainly of Dutch origin and included Calvinists, such as Flemish and Frisian Calvinists, as well as French Huguenot and German and British protestants who first arrived in the Cape of Good Hope during the period of its administration ( 1652 – 1795 ) by the Dutch East India Company ( Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC ).

Most settlers in the American Mid-Atlantic and New England were Calvinists, including the English Puritans, the French Huguenot and Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam ( New York ), and the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians of the Appalachian back country.

They were a Huguenot ( French Protestant ) family who fled to New York about 1687 to avoid the religious persecutions of King Louis XIV.

They were of mostly English descent ; Roosevelt's great-grandfather, James Roosevelt, was of Dutch ancestry, and his mother's maiden name, Delano, originated with a French Huguenot immigrant of the 17th century .< ref >

* 1519 – Gaspard de Coligny, French Huguenot leader ( d. 1572 )

The name ' de Klerk ' ( literally meaning " the clerk " in Dutch ) is derived from Le Clerc, Le Clercq, and de Clercq and is of French Huguenot origin, as are a great number of other Afrikaans surnames, reflecting the French Huguenot refugees who settled in the Cape beginning in the 17th century alongside the Dutch, after they escaped religious persecution in France.

The Wars of Religion culminated in the War of the Three Henrys ( 1584 – 1598 ) in which the royalist King Henry III of France assassinated Henry de Guise, leader of the Spanish-backed Catholic league and the king was murdered in return, followed by the ascension of the Huguenot Henry of Navarre to the French throne.

Among James Monroe's ancestors were French Huguenot immigrants, who came to Virginia in 1700.

He was the eldest of the seven children of Max Weber Sr., a wealthy and prominent civil servant and member of the National Liberal Party, and his wife Helene ( Fallenstein ), who partly descended from French Huguenot immigrants and held strong moral absolutist ideas.

* 1762 – French Huguenot Jean Calas, who had been wrongly convicted of killing his son, dies after being tortured by authorities ; the event inspired Voltaire to begin a campaign for religious tolerance and legal reform.

His father Louis, a third generation Australian of French Huguenot descent, was a leg spinner who played for Penrith in Sydney Grade Cricket, in 1922-23 gaining attention for taking all twenty wickets in a match against St. Marys for 65 runs.

The first non-Spanish settlement attempt in the Caribbean occurred on Saint Kitts, when French Huguenot refugees from the fishing town of Dieppe established a town on a harbour on the island's north coast, which they also named Dieppe, in 1538.

A short-lived French Huguenot settlement was established at Dieppe Bay in 1538.

He also married the fourteen-year-old Elisabeth de St Michel, a descendant of French Huguenot immigrants, first in a religious ceremony, on 10 October 1655, and later in a civil ceremony, on 1 December 1655, at St Margaret's, Westminster.

* February 5 – The Huguenot rebels and the French government sign the Treaty of Paris, ending the second Huguenot rebellion.

* French Huguenot Pierre de Gua is granted royal permission to settle in North America, founding the colony of Acadia.

* September 25 – Paul Rabaut, French Huguenot pastor ( b. 1718 )

* French Huguenot refugees settle in Dublin and Waterford.

Naval action between the Huguenot fleet and the French Royal fleet, aided by English and Dutch ships, during the Capture of Ré island.

* April 13 – Henri, duc de Rohan, French Huguenot leader ( b. 1579 )

William and his nobles spoke and conducted court in Norman French, in England as well as in Normandy.

In his reign new Anglo-Angevin and Anglo-Aquitanian aristocracies developed, though not to the same point as the Anglo-Norman once did, and the Norman nobles interacted with their French peers.

French Protestantism, which was largely Calvinist, derived its support from the lesser nobles and trading classes.

In France, the French Revolution saw the confiscation in 1789 of church libraries and rich nobles ' private libraries, and their collections became state property.

Higher-quality armour of steel would have given considerably greater protection, which accords well with the experience of Oxford's men against the elite French vanguard at Poitiers in 1356, and des Ursin's statement that the French knights of the first ranks at Agincourt, which included some of the most important ( and thus best-equipped ) nobles, remained comparatively unhurt by the English arrows.

At this first French States-General in history, all three classes – nobles, clergy, and commons – wrote separately to Rome in defense of the king and his temporal power.

Unlike most other direct French taxes, nobles and clergy were not exempted from capitation taxes.

But other branches of his family tree delved even further into French history, and the annals of both sides of his family included nobles of various stations, military leaders, and associates of kings and princes of France.

With news arriving of the Battle of Hattin, he took the cross at Tours in the company of other French nobles.

French demographer, anthropologist and historian Alfred Sauvy, in an article published in the French magazine L ' Observateur, August 14, 1952, coined the term Third World, referring to countries that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc or the Capitalist NATO bloc during the Cold War His usage was a reference to the Third Estate, the commoners of France who, before and during the French Revolution, opposed priests and nobles, who composed the First Estate and Second Estate, respectively.

The Protestant nobles and others, including Knox, were taken prisoner and forced to row in the French galleys.

Mary of Guise gathered those nobles loyal to her and a small French army.

The nobles flocked in the thousands to the royal standard, and were reinforced by volunteers from nearly every part of Europe, the most important contingent being that of the French led by John the Fearless, son of Philip II, Duke of Burgundy.

Isabella and her husband, along with other disgruntled nobles, including her son-in-law Raymond VII of Toulouse, sought to create an English-backed confederacy which united the provinces of the south and west against the French king.

Since the law did not distinguish, for marital purposes, between ruler and subjects, historically marriages between royalty and the noble heiresses to great fiefs became the norm, helping to aggrandize the House of Capet while gradually diminishing the number of large domains held in theoretical vassalage by nobles who were, in practice, virtually independent of the French crown.

On 27 August, Leopold and King Frederick William II of Prussia, in consultation with émigrés French nobles, issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, which declared the interest of the monarchs of Europe in the well-being of Louis and his family, and threatened vague but severe consequences if anything should befall them.

The post-medieval rank of gefürsteter Graf ( princely count ) embraced but elevated the German equivalent of the intermediate French, English and Spanish nobles.

While this decision process was made no less complex by being informal, common factors included the local power structure ( archbishops and nobles being the most likely recipients of a charter to collect tolls ), space between toll stations ( authorized toll stations seem to have been at least five kilometres apart ), and ability to be defended from attack ( some castles through which tolls were collected were tactically useful until the French invaded in 1689 and levelled them ).

On 26 July the English took the town of Caen and Count d ' Eu and other French nobles were captured.

The French cavalry was composed only of nobles.

Many English nobles return to John's side after a dying French nobleman, Melun, warns them that Louis plans to kill them after his victory.