* 1741 – Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse, French navy officer and explorer ( d. 1788 )

In 1875, the Navy had 21 battleships and 173 warships of other types, ranking as the third largest navy in the world after the British and French navies.

In France, Colbert planted oak forests to supply the French navy in the future.

The French navy, an extensive user of torpedo boats, built its first torpedo boat destroyer in 1899, with the Durandal-class ' torpilleur d ' escadre '.

Consolation came in the form of dominance in Europe and the American Revolutionary War, where extensive French aid in the form of money and arms, and the direct participation of its army and navy led to America's independence.

The French army and navy departed, so the Americans were on their own in 1782 – 83.

Genoese came during the 18th and 19th centuries, especially from the poorer parts of Liguria, some of them annually following fishing shoals, as repairmen for the British navy, or as successful traders and merchants ; many others came during the Napoleonic period to avoid obligatory conscription to the French Army.

In the previous years the French navy had enormously grown in strength and the Dutch Republic would no longer be able to resist a combined Anglo-French attack.

The French navy adopted a fine, 3. 1 millimeter, not prismatic grained product called Slow Burning Cocoa ( SBC ) or " cocoa powder ".

For a time, the Spanish Empire dominated the oceans with its experienced navy and ruled the European battlefield with its fearsome and well trained infantry, the famous, in the words of the prominent French historian Pierre Vilar, " enacting the most extraordinary epic in human history ".

French and British military missions were invited for the army and navy respectively, and arms purchases were made.

After the Attack on Mers-el-Kébir in 1940, where the British fleet destroyed a large part of the French navy, still under command of Vichy France, that killed about 1, 100 sailors, there was nationwide indignation and a feeling of distrust in the French forces, leading to the events of the Battle of Dakar.

As a result, British seamen did not suffer from typhus, giving the British navy a significant competitive advantage over the French.

* 1942 – World War II: At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships and submarines to keep them out of Nazi hands.

First attested in English c. 1600, the word " navy " came via Old French navie, " fleet of ships ", from the Latin navigium, " a vessel, a ship, bark, boat ", from navis, " ship " and from Sanskrit " न ा व " ( Nav ), " ship ".

Using his increased revenues, Philip was the first Capetian King to actively build a French navy.

The French navy began seizing American ships trading with Britain and refused to receive the new United States minister Charles Cotesworth Pinckney when he arrived in Paris in December 1796.

The French navy inflicted substantial losses on American shipping.

The French, outnumbering the Thai navy force, decisively won the naval Battle of Koh Chang.

The military of Togo, in French FAT ( Forces armées togolaises, " Togolese armed forces "), consists of the army, navy, air force, and gendarmerie.

The Military of Togo, in French FAT ( Forces armées togolaises, " Togolese armed forces "), consists of the army, navy, air force, and gendarmerie.

The French navy followed suit in 1878 with Torpilleur No 1, launched in 1878 though she had been ordered in 1875.

Napoleon's plans to invade Britain failed due to the inferiority of his navy, and in 1805, Lord Nelson's fleet decisively defeated the French and Spanish at Trafalgar, which was the last significant naval action of the Napoleonic Wars.

Oribe took Rosas's side when the French navy blockaded Buenos Aires in 1838.

The English word ' artiste ' has thus, a narrower range of meaning than the word ' artiste ' in French.

French Enlightenment masterpieces such as Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon ’ s Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière ( begun in 1749 ) and Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d ' Alembert ’ s Encyclopédie ( volumes added between 1751 and 1772 ) thus became Ampère ’ s schoolmasters.

Ubu Rois savage humor and monstrous absurdity, unlike anything thus far performed in French theater, seemed unlikely to ever actually be performed on stage.

Then in 1702 the French astronomer Philippe de la Hire used a year he labeled at the end of years labeled ante Christum ( BC ), and immediately before years labeled post Christum ( AD ) on the mean motion pages in his Tabulæ Astronomicæ, thus adding the designation 0 to Kepler's Christi.

Although the Nebel stream lay between Fugger's and Marsin's squadrons, the French were forced to change front to meet this new threat, thus forestalling the chance for Marsin to strike at Marlborough's infantry.

The group raced to the coast of the English Channel at Abbeville, thus isolating the British Expeditionary Force, Belgian Army, and some divisions of the French Army in northern France.

Mayotte thus remains under French administration, and the Comorian Government has effective control over only Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Mohéli.

In his work, Meinhof looked at noun classes with all Bantu languages having at least 10 classes and with 22 classes of nouns existing throughout the Bantu languages, though his definition of noun class differs slightly from the accepted one, considering the plural form of a word as belonging to a different class from the singular form ( thus leading, for example, to consider a language like French as having four classes instead of two ).

In 1727 the first French commander, M. Le Grand, took charge of the island and established a rudimentary government thus making Dominica formally a colony of France.

The electrical telegraph, or more commonly just ' telegraph ', superseded optical semaphore telegraph systems, such as those designed by Claude Chappe for the French military, and Friedrich Clemens Gerke for the Prussian military, thus becoming the first form of electrical telecommunications.

Napoleon Bonaparte, who was already First Consul of the French Republic ( Premier Consul de la République française ) for life, declared himself Emperor of the French ( Empereur des Français ) on 18 May 1804, thus creating the Empire of the French ( Empire des Français ).

As a consequence, French movies have to be amortized on a relatively small market and thus generally have budgets far lower than their American counterparts, ruling out expensive settings and special effects.

Hercules thus evolved from a symbol of the sovereignty of the monarch into a symbol of the new sovereign authority in France: the French people.

Correctly guessing that this was Hudson Bay, they sought French backing for a plan to set up a trading post on the Bay, thus reducing the cost of moving furs overland.

African culture thus remained strong among slaves to the end of French rule, in particular the folk-religion of Vodou, which commingled Catholic liturgy and ritual with the beliefs and practices of Guinea, Congo, and Dahomey.

Sometimes a head of state assumes office as a state becomes legal and political reality, before a formal title for the highest office is determined ; thus in the since 1 January 1960 independent republic Cameroon ( Cameroun, a former French colony ), the first President, Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo, was at first not styled président but ' merely ' known as Chef d ' état ( literal French for ' Head of State ') until 5 May 1960 ; in Uganda, military coup leader since 25 January 1971 Idi Amin was formally styled military head of State till 21 February 1971, only from then on regular ( but unconstitutional, not elected ) President.

His reign was punctuated by numerous rebellions and civil wars, often provoked by incompetence and mismanagement in government and Henry's perceived over-reliance on French courtiers ( thus restricting the influence of the English nobility ).

In 1804 Napoleon was titled Emperor by the senate, thus founding the First French Empire.

The " difficulty " of English as a written language thus began in the High Middle Ages, when French orthographic conventions were used to spell a language whose original, more suitable orthography had been forgotten after centuries of nonuse.

Although Malory's English version of the great French romances was popular, there were increasing attacks upon the truthfulness of the historical framework of the Arthurian romances — established since Geoffrey of Monmouth's time — and thus the legitimacy of the whole Matter of Britain.

Higher-quality armour of steel would have given considerably greater protection, which accords well with the experience of Oxford's men against the elite French vanguard at Poitiers in 1356, and des Ursin's statement that the French knights of the first ranks at Agincourt, which included some of the most important ( and thus best-equipped ) nobles, remained comparatively unhurt by the English arrows.