Gayanashagowa or the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois ( or Haudenosaunee ) Six Nations ( Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, the Seneca and Tuscarora ) is the oral constitution whereby the Iroquois Confederacy was bound together.

Another inscription is found along the lower edge of the reverse spelling " Great Law of Peace " ( an English translation of Gayanashagowa, the Iroquois Confederacy constitution ).

Historians, including Donald Grinde of the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, have claimed that the democratic ideals of the Gayanashagowa provided a significant inspiration to Benjamin Franklin, James Madison and other framers of the United States Constitution.

In 1236, Sundiata Keita presented an oral constitution federating the Mali Empire, called the Kouroukan Fouga.

The act also codified many previously oral constitutional conventions and has made amendment of the constitution significantly more difficult.

Previously, the Canadian federal constitution could be amended by solitary act of the Canadian or British parliaments, by formal or informal agreement between the federal and provincial governments, or even simply by adoption as ordinary custom of an oral convention or unwritten tradition that was perceived to be the best way to do something.

* Instead of oral laws known to a special class, arbitrarily applied and interpreted, all laws were written, thus made known to all literate citizens ( who could make appeal to the Areopagus for injustices ): "... the constitution formed under Draco, when the first code of laws was drawn up.

The dates of this constitution's operation are unknown: the League was formed in approximately 1000 – 1450, but the constitution was oral until written in about 1880.

The Court had also intended to include the case of Aikens v. California, but between the time Aikens had been heard in oral argument and a decision was to be issued, the Supreme Court of California decided in California v. Anderson that the death penalty violated the state constitution, thus the Aikens case was dismissed as moot since all death cases in California were overturned.

Providing the isotopically-labelled intravenous dose is sufficiently low so as not to perturb the systemic drug concentrations achieved from the absorbed oral dose, then the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics can be deconvoluted by virtue of the their different isotopic constitution and thereby determine the oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics from the same dose administration.

The oral laws and customs of the Great Law of Peace became the constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy, established by the 16th century or earlier.

He soon set about organizing the nucleus of the empire, presenting the Gbara of nobles and notables at his coronation with an oral constitution known as the Kouroukan Fouga.

The Iroquois Confederacy, according to oral tradition, was formed in 1142 CE.

The Iroquois Confederacy is, from oral tradition, formed circa 1142.

( Iroquois oral tradition, as recorded in the Jesuit Relations, speaks of a draining war between the Mohawk Iroquois and an alliance of the Susquehannock and Algonquin sometime between 1580 and 1600.

The dating of an oral tradition mentioning a solar eclipse yields 1142AD as the year for the Seneca joining the Iroquois ( Haudenosaunee ).

Also, located within the park is a bronze cylindrical sculpture written in Onondaga language and " transcribed from the ancient oral tradition of the five Iroquois nations.

Hale documented the oral history and rituals of the Iroquois Confederacy.

On the one side we have the university professors and their students, trained in Teutonic methods of research, who have sought out, collected and studied the true products of the oral traditions of the ethnic, regional and occupational groups that make up this nation.

The figure of Shaka thus remains an ambiguous one in African oral tradition, defying simplistic depictions of the Zulu king as a heroic, protean nation builder on one hand, or a depraved monster on the other.

Nuu-chah-nulth mythology is the historical oral history of the Nuu-chah-nulth, an Indigenous nation living on Vancouver Island in British Columbia.

Smithers, an Australian comparativist working on native histories, argues that Windschuttle's political agenda shows a ‘ discomfort with the way the " orthodox school " by inflating Aboriginal deaths, impugns Australian identity and its virtuous Anglo-Saxon origins .’ Windschuttle's book plays to ' the white wing populism of white Australians, who feel their racially privileged position is under attack .’ By reaction, Smithers argues, Windschuttle highlights ' the nation ’ s virtues ’, privileging the opinions of settlers and colonial officials, ' while rejecting Aboriginal oral histories.

The organisation is also a scientific society promoting higher standards ( often in co-operation with other organisations ) and improvements in the oral health of the nation.

Collective memory today differs much from the collective memories of an oral culture, where no printing technique or transportation contributed to the production of imagined communities ( see Benedict Anderson ) where we come to share a sense of heritage and commonality with many human beings we have never met-as in the manner a citizen may feel a sort of ' kinship ' with people of his nation, region or city.

After the Mohawk joined the union, the Seneca nation debated joining the union ; they have an oral tradition of a solar eclipse occurring at that time.

Headquartered in Canada's capital city Ottawa, the CDA serves its members and the public by managing key oral health issues on their behalf and by coordinating dental health awareness programs across the nation.

" However, parents can learn to recognize their baby's approximations of adult ASL signs, just as they will later learn to recognize their approximations of oral language, so teaching an infant ASL is also possible.

Schaefer ’ s concept of " vocality " offers neither a compromise nor a synthesis of the views which see the poem as on the one hand Germanic, pagan, and oral and on the other Latin-derived, Christian, and literate, but, as stated by Monika Otter: "... a ' tertium quid ', a modality that participates in both oral and literate culture yet also has a logic and aesthetic of its own.

Additional to such natural biochemical stimuli, the breasts can become enlarged consequent to an adverse side effect of combined oral contraceptive pills ; and the size of the breasts can also increase and decrease in response to the body weight fluctuations of the woman.

The last of these also contained some oral material and by the end of the 18th century this was becoming increasingly common, with collections including John Ritson's, The Bishopric Garland ( 1784 ), which paralleled the work of figures like Robert Burns and Walter Scott in Scotland.

Diets high in simple carbohydrates have been found to affect rates of oral candidiases, and hormone replacement therapy and infertility treatments may also be predisposing factors.

Dentists also encourage prevention of oral diseases through proper hygiene and regular, twice yearly, checkups for professional cleaning and evaluation.

Parry and Lord also showed that the most likely source for written texts of the epics of Homer was dictation from an oral performance.

Long-term use of oral contraceptives with highly potent progestins can also induce endometrial atrophy.

" Such definitions depend upon "( cultural ) processes rather than abstract musical types ...", upon " continuity and oral transmission ... seen as characterizing one side of a cultural dichotomy, the other side of which is found not only in the lower layers of feudal, capitalist and some oriental societies but also in ' primitive ' societies and in parts of ' popular cultures '.

Fellatio ( also known as fellation, and colloquially blow job, BJ, giving head or sucking off ) is an act of oral stimulation of a male's penis by a sexual partner.

These oral histories often contained folk-tale motifs and demonstrated a moral, yet they also contained substantial facts relating to geography, anthropology and history, all compiled by Herodotus in an entertaining style and format.

According to native oral legends Fijians were also descendants of a nomadic tribe from Tanganika ( Tanzania ).

Candidates for an undergraduate degree must also pass oral and written comprehensive exams in their major field of study.

The Aztec oral and pictographic tradition also described the history of the Toltec empire giving lists of rulers and their exploits.

In their view, Moses not only received the Torah, but also the revealed ( written and oral ) and the hidden ( the ` hokhmat nistar teachings, which gave Judaism the Zohar of the Rashbi, the Torah of the Ari haQadosh and all that is discussed in the Heavenly Yeshiva between the Ramhal and his masters ).

Morphine valerate produced industrially was one ingredient of a medication available for both oral and parenteral administration popular many years ago in Europe and elsewhere called Trivalin ( not to be confused with the current, unrelated herbal preparation of the same name ), which also included the valerates of caffeine and cocaine, with a version containing codeine valerate as a fourth ingredient being distributed under the name Tetravalin.

In the NL, Switzerland, the UK and a few other European countries, however, not only buprenorphine and oral methadone but also injectable methadone and pharmaceutical diamorphine ( heroin ) or other opioids may be used for outpatient maintenance treatment of opiate addiction, and treatment is generally provided in much less heavily regulated environments than in the United States.

However, it should also be noted that there are many ways of creating oral histories and carrying out the study of oral history even within individual national contexts.

Since 1996, however, the collection has also included oral histories of senior NASA administrators and officials, astronauts, and project managers, part of a broader project to document the lives of key agency individuals.

By interviewing widely, oral historians seek points of agreement among many different sources, and also record the complexity of the issues.

As a result of this duty, the Oral Secretary is also tasked with writing Section C of the official journal, which comprises the oral interpretations of Court minutes, along with cases and questions put before the court.