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The Glagolitic alphabet (), also known as Glagolitsa, ( OCS:, ) is the oldest known Slavic alphabet.
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Glagolitic and alphabet
Codex Zographensis in the Glagolitic alphabet from Medieval Bulgaria
The Glagolitic alphabet was the initial script of the liturgical language Old Church Slavonic and became, together with the Greek uncial script, the basis of the Cyrillic script.
The Glagolitic alphabet is believed to have been created by Saints Cyril and Methodius, while the Cyrillic alphabet was invented by the Bulgarian scholar Clement of Ohrid, who was their disciple.
In 886 AD, the Bulgarian Empire introduced the Glagolitic alphabet which was devised by the Saints Cyril and Methodius in the 850s.
The Glagolitic alphabet was gradually superseded in later centuries by the Cyrillic script, developed around the Preslav Literary School, Bulgaria in the beginning of the 10th century.
# REDIRECT Glagolitic alphabet
The number of letters in the original Glagolitic alphabet is not known, but may have been close to its presumed Greek model.
Twenty-four of the 41 original Glagolitic letters ( see table below ) probably derive from graphemes of the medieval cursive Greek small alphabet, but have been given an ornamental design.
In missals, the Glagolitic script was eventually replaced with the Latin alphabet, but the use of the Slavic language in the Mass continued, until replaced by the modern vernacular languages.
But, in 1992, the discovery of Glagolitic inscriptions in churches along the Orljava river in Slavonia, totally changed the picture ( churches in Brodski Drenovac, Lovčić and some others ), showing that use of Glagolitic alphabet was spread from Slavonia also.
The Cyrillic alphabet is derived from the Greek alphabet, with ( at least 10 ) letters peculiar to Slavic languages being derived from the Glagolitic.
In the western part the Glagolitic alphabet remained dominant at first.
Nevertheless, particular passages or words written with the Glagolitic alphabet appeared in Bulgarian Cyrillic manuscripts till the end of the 14 century.
Only in Croatia the Glagolitic alphabet was used until 19th century.
A less common belief, contradicting allochtonic Slovene origin, was that the Glagolitic was created or used in the 4th century by St. Jerome, hence the alphabet is sometimes named Hieronymian.
* 1248: Pope Innocent IV gave the unique privilege of using the Glagolitic alphabet in the liturgy.
Saints Cyril and Methodius, Byzantine Greeks born in Thessaloniki, were the creators of the first Slavic Glagolitic alphabet and Old Church Slavonic language.
They are credited with devising the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet used to transcribe Old Church Slavonic.
For the purpose of this mission, they devised the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet to be used for Slavonic manuscripts.
Glagolitic and (),
Little yus (), or jus, are letters of the Cyrillic script, representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets.
Glagolitic and also
Glagolitic letters were also used as numbers, similarly to Cyrillic numerals.
Glagolitic was also used in Kievan Rus.
In Croatia, from the 12th century, Glagolitic inscriptions appeared mostly in littoral areas: Istria, Primorje, Kvarner and Kvarner islands, notably Krk, Cres and Lošinj ; in Dalmatia, on the islands of Zadar, but there were also findings in inner Lika and Krbava, reaching to Kupa river, and even as far as Međimurje and Slovenia.
In old-Croatian, this earliest geographical term appeared at least from 10th century within the Glagolitic inscriptions in Chakavian dialect, e. g. in Baška tablet about 1105, and also in some subsequent Glagolitic texts as krayna ( pronouncing ' kraüna ') in the original medieval meaning of inlands or mainlands.
Smooth breathings were also used in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets when writing the Old Church Slavonic language.
The confusion was also possibly aggravated by the fact that Cyrillic Little Yus () looks very similar to the older Glagolitic alphabet's yat (, supported only in Unicode 4. 1 ; image: Yat in the Glagolitic alphabet ).
Cyrillic was based on Greek uncial script, and adopted Glagolitic letters for some sounds which were absent in Greek — it also had some letters which were only used almost exclusively for Greek words or for their numeric value: < span class =" Unicode "> Ѳ, Ѡ, Ѱ, Ѯ, Ѵ </ span >.
The Glagolitic and early Cyrillic alphabets, although not consisting of ideograms, also have letters named acrophonically.
The Glagolitic Mass ( or Mša glagolskaja ) ( also called Missa Glagolitica or Slavonic Mass ) is a composition for soloists ( soprano, contralto, tenor, bass ), double chorus, organ and orchestra by Leoš Janáček.
He also had several Glagolitic missals printed in the spirit of restoring the Slavonic liturgy that connected the two Christian religions of the South Slavs, and revering the work of saints Cyril and Methodius.
Pinkava was also active in choral music, composing ( among others ) a Glagolitic Mass.
This also happened to engravings in early Croatian script – Glagolitic.
He also allowed the Roman curia to become more involved in the religious affairs of Croatia, which consolidated his power but disrupted his rule over the Glagolitic clergy in parts of Istria after 1060.
As well as the statue there is also a text written in Glagolitic over the main entrance to the monastery, " Mir i Dobro " ( peace and well-being ) which is also dedicated to St. Francis.
The monastery also owns a rich library of some 15. 000 books which contains the Missal of Hrovoje of 1404, a Jewish Bible from the 11th century, Glagolitic sermons and Ptolemy's Atlas, printed in Venice in 1511.
Glagolitic and known
The Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets, based primarily on the Greek uncial writing of the 9th century, are the oldest known Slavic alphabets and were created by the two brothers and their students, in order to translate the Bible and other texts into the Slavic languages.
The alphabet that was originally developed by Cyril and Methodius is known as the Glagolitic alphabet.
Armenian, Georgian, and Glagolitic may fit in this category, though their origin is not known.
The work was supposedly written shortly after the Preslav Ecclesiastical People's Council in 893 and is the only known medieval literary work to quote the exact year of the invention of the Glagolitic alphabet ( 855 ).
The oldest known works are the Codex Marianus from the 10th century, and the Grašković-and Mihanović fragment from the 11th century, all written in the Glagolitic script.
Glagolitic and is
The name Glagolitic in Belarusian is глаголіца ( hłaholica ), Bulgarian, Macedonian and Russian глаголица ( glagolica ), Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian glagoljica / глагољица, Czech hlaholice, Polish głagolica, Slovene, Slovak hlaholika, and Ukrainian глаголиця ( hlaholyća ).
The Hrvoje's Missal () from 1404 was written in Split, and it is considered one of the most beautiful Croatian Glagolitic books.
Nowadays, Glagolitic is used only for Church Slavic ( Croatian and Czech recensions ).
In conjunction with another disciple of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Saint Naum, he created a flourishing Bulgarian cultural center around Ohrid, where over 3, 000 pupils were taught in the Glagolitic and Cyrillic script in what is now called Ohrid Literary School.
This view is confirmed by the " Prague Fragments " and by certain Old Glagolitic liturgical fragments brought from Jerusalem to Kiev and there discovered by Saresnewsky — probably the oldest document for the Slavonic tongue ; these adhere closely to the Latin type, as is shown by the words " Mass ," " Preface ," and the name of one Felicitas.
The Baška tablet is an early example of the Glagolitic from Croatia.
* The Glagolitic alphabet, devised by Cyril and Methodius, missionaries from Constantinople, is adopted in the Bulgarian Empire.
* December 5-Leoš Janáček's Glagolitic Mass is premiered in Brno.
In linguistics, scientific transliteration is used for both Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets.
Along the road from Roč to Hum is Glagolitic avenue, a memorial avenue of ten monuments from the history of the Glagolitic alphabet.
In some South Slavic languages especially in Serbian, the word krajina refers primarily to border or borderland of a country, with established military defense, and secondarily to a region, area, or landscape ; but in medieval Croatian of Glagolitic texts the last is its primary earlier meaning and military role appeared since Turks.
The Serbian term is equal to German Mark and French marche, but the old-Croatian Glagolitic is subequal to the Romance Terrafirma as opposed to coast or islands.
There is no numerical value for this letter nor it was in the Glagolitic alphabet.
Tse is thought to have come from the Hebrew letter Tsadi ⟨ צ ⟩, via the Glagolitic letter Tsi ⟨ Ⱌ ⟩.
Sha ( Ш ш ; italics: < span style =" font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif ; font-size: larger "> Ш ш </ span >) is a letter of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic script.
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