* 1955 – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

* 1642 – Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( d. 1723 )

Because Albert was a member of the Brandenburg-Ansbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern, it had been hoped that his election as Grand Master would reverse the decline of the Teutonic Knights since 1410 ; Duke Frederick of Saxony of the House of Wettin had been elected for the same reason.

His mother was Sophia, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, and his wife Elisabeth of Austria.

Duke Frederick of Saxony, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, died in December 1510.

Albert was chosen as his successor early in 1511 in the hope that his relationship to his maternal uncle, Sigismund I the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, would facilitate a settlement of the disputes over eastern Prussia, which had been held by the Order under Polish suzerainty since the Second Peace of Thorn ( 1466 ).

Alexander (; ) ( 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506 ) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland.

He was elected Grand Duke of Lithuania on the death of his father ( 1492 ), and King of Poland on the death of his brother John I Albert ( 1501 ).

For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.

The most the Grand Duke of Lithuania could do was to garrison Smolensk and other strongholds and employ his wife Helena, the Tsar's daughter, to mediate a truce between his father-in-law and himself after the disastrous Battle of Vedrosha ( 1500 ).

Great solicitude was devoted to the education of Nicolas as tsarevich, whereas Alexander received only the training of an ordinary Grand Duke of that period.

* Alexander Jagiellon ( 1461 – 1506 ), Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland

In the summer of 1214, Andrew had a meeting with Grand Duke Leszek I of Poland and they agreed that they would divide the Principality of Halych between Hungary and Poland.

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1917 – Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia ( d. 1992 )

* 1574 – Cosimo I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( b. 1519 )

* Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Oldenburg-1905

She was the daughter of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

Charles was born in Florence, Tuscany, where his father was then Grand Duke.

In Florence on 8 September 1787 ( by proxy ) and again in Dresden on 18 October 1787 ( in person ), Anton married a second time with the Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria ( Maria Theresia Josephe Charlotte Johanna ), daughter of the Grand Duke Leopold I of Tuscany, later Emperor Leopold II.

Its roots lay in the arts and crafts school founded by the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1906 and directed by Belgian Art Nouveau architect Henry van de Velde.

Realising the danger, the Duke of Marlborough resolved to alleviate the peril to Vienna by marching his forces south from Bedburg and help maintain Emperor Leopold within the Grand Alliance.

The year 1705 proved almost entirely barren for the Duke whose military disappointments were only partly compensated by efforts on the diplomatic front where, at the courts of Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Vienna, Berlin and Hanover, Marlborough sought to bolster support for the Grand Alliance and extract promises of prompt assistance for the following year ’ s campaign.

The discontent grew to open rebellion, fed by both Ottoman and British money and support: Bashir II fled, the Ottoman empire reasserted control and Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha, whose sole term as Grand Vizier ran from 1839 to 1841, appointed another member of the Shihab family, who styled himself Bashir III.

Several members of the Imperial Family, including Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia, managed to establish good relations with the interim government and eventually fled the country during the October Revolution.

In 1277, when Fuzhou fell to the Mongols, the exiled dynasty fled to Quanzhou, where Zhang Shijie, the Grand General of Song, hoped to borrow boats to continue their flight.

After the city's incorporation into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, some of Smolensk's boyars ( e. g., the Sapiehas ) moved to Vilnius ; descendants of the ruling princes ( e. g., the Tatishchevs, Kropotkins, Mussorgskys, Vyazemskys ) fled to Moscow.

Count Raymond fled to Tyre, and the king's stepfather Reginald of Sidon rescued a number of the fugitives, but the prisoners included the Grand Master, Baldwin of Ibelin, and Hugh of Tiberias, one of Raymond of Tripoli's stepsons.

McCarty, who had fled to Texas after his escape from McSween's house, was under indictment, but sent Wallace a letter requesting immunity in return for testifying in front of the Grand Jury.

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania became a Swedish fief, the Polish – Lithuanian regular armies surrendered and the Polish king John II Casimir Vasa fled to the Habsburgs.

A hunting accident — Francis had been appointed Grand Veneur of France in 1556 — had been planned, as Sir Nicholas Throckmorton informed Queen Elizabeth I of England in May 1560, but the plot was uncovered by one and his five co-conspirators fled.

* Johann Esmer, Grand Theogonist of Sigmar during the storm of Chaos, now fled to Marienburg.

In 1940, the Grand Ducal family of Luxembourg lived in the building after they fled to America during to the Nazi invasion of their country.

When the Khan's cousin, the Baskaki Shevkal, and his Tatars were killed in Tver and a rebellion erupted there in mid-August 1327, Dmitry's successor as Prince of Tver and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal, his brother Alexander Mikhailovich, fled first to Novgorod --- which turned him away --- and then to Pskov --- which made him it's Prince --- in order to escape a punitive expedition of 50, 000 Mongol-Tatars & Muscovites, which was headed by his cousin, Yury's brother & successor Ivan Daniilovich.

Grand Duke Leopold of Baden fled and on 1 June 1849 Struve helped set up a provisionary republican parliament under the liberal politician Lorenz Brentano.

Dieffenbach had gained a degree at the university of Giessen and then, accused by authorities in the Grand Duchy of Hesse of being subversive, he fled, first to Zurich, where he received a degree in medicine before being expelled in 1836 for politics and duelling ; in 1837 he arrived in London, where he eked out a living teaching German, but gained a reputation by his contributions to medical and scientific journals and made friendships with geologists Charles Lyell and Richard Owen among others.

while Dawlat remained in the outskirts of Crimea, Olugh fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and plead for assistance from Vytautas the Great.

As tension grew from the splintering of the Order's forces between Prussia, Livonia, and Outremer, support for von Malberg among the Order fell ; the Grand Master traveled to Montfort in Outremer after Innocent fled to Lyon.

From 1818 it was the residence of Russian Grand Duke Constantine, who fled it at the beginning of the November 1830 Uprising.

The coup was successful, Stefan II fled to Bulgaria and Vukan became the Grand Prince.

Drafted into the army of Czar Nicholas II -- Finland was at the time an autonomous Grand Duchy of Russia — rather than report for duty he fled the country for exile, and settled in Sweden.

Sometime in 1829 Stepehn Mack, Jr. and Hononegah Mack fled Grand Detour for good.

When officer cadets barracked on the Łazienki Park grounds opened the November 1831 Uprising with an attempted capture of the Grand Duke, it was from the Belweder Palace that he fled to safety.

Bearing his large religious canvas of Massacre of the Innocents and a note from Count Vincenzo Rannuzi Cospi as an introduction, Crespi fled in the middle of the night to Florence in 1708, and gained the patronage of the Grand Duke Ferdinand I de ' Medici.

In the aftermath of Shemyaka's murder, his wife and son fled Novgorod to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, where they were given Rylsk and Novgorod-Seversky in appanage.

Prominent leaders of the Palestinian groups were Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam, who was killed by the British army, and the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin Al-Husseini, who fled the country.

Frederick William fled to his parents-in-law in Bruchsal in the Grand Duchy of Baden, which had remained a sovereign state with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 by Francis II, where he lived for the next few years.