The Greeks took letters which did not represent sounds that existed in Greek, and changed them to represent the vowels.

Herodotus explicitly tells us that the Greeks attacked the Persians ( and the other sources confirm this ), but it is not clear why they did this before the arrival of the Spartans.

However, this supposes a level of training that the Greeks did not possess.

From the viewpoint of the ancient Greeks, a person's public life was not separated from their private life, and Greeks did not distinguish between the two worlds according to the modern western conception.

In addition, Nietzsche ( in Beyond Good and Evil ) and Alasdair MacIntyre ( in After Virtue ) have pointed out that the ancient Greeks did not associate morality with altruism in the way that post-Christian Western civilization has done.

According to the Iliad, Hector did not approve of war between the Greeks and the Trojans.

On March 25, 1821 ( also the same day as the Greek Orthodox day of the Annunciation of the Theotokos ), the Greeks rebelled and declared their independence, led by Theodore Kolokotronis, but did not achieve it until 1829.

Kenneth W. Harl in the Teaching Company's Great Ancient Civilizations of Asia Minor lecture series sarcastically claims that Schliemann's excavations were carried out with such rough methods that he did to Troy what the Greeks couldn't do in their times, destroying and leveling down the entire city walls to the ground.

Therefore, it is now generally agreed that the Greeks did not generally think of hubris as a religious matter, still less that it was normally punished by the gods.

But even when they copied the Greeks, they did not translate slavishly.

The ancient Greeks did not draw a distinction between this use and their model for the cosmos.

One may say that Diophantus was studying rational points — i. e., points whose coordinates are rational — on curves and algebraic varieties ; however, unlike the Greeks of the Classical period, who did what we would now call basic algebra in geometrical terms, Diophantus did what we would now call basic algebraic geometry in purely algebraic terms.

He wrote about the Greeks ' transmigration of the soul, with which he did not agree.

Their troops fight from chariots, as did the Greeks in the Trojan War.

Ancient Greeks dealt straightforwardly with multistate problems, and did not create choice-of-law rules.

The Romans, who eventually conquered the Greeks, and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear and clothing.

However the Greeks ' understanding was limited to the statics of simple machines ; the balance of forces, and did not include dynamics ; the tradeoff between force and distance, or the concept of work.

Josephus argued that while the Greeks recognized three types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and anarchy, the Jews were unique in that they had a system of government that did not fit into those categories.

The Thracians did not describe themselves as such and Thrace and Thracians are simply the names given them by the Greeks.

The Greeks did not like the concept of monarchy, and as their democratic system fell, aristocracy was upheld.

The Romans, who eventually conquered the Greeks, and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear and clothing.

Before the establishment of the League of Corinth, even though the Macedonians apparently spoke a dialect of the Greek language and claimed proudly that they were Greeks, they were not considered to fully share the classical Greek culture by many of the inhabitants of the southern city states, because they did not share the polis based style of government.

He was more impressed by Alexius ' son John II Comnenus ; he did not approve of John's attempts to bring the crusader Principality of Antioch under Byzantine control, but John's military expeditions against the Muslim states, the common enemy of both Greeks and Latins, were considered admirable.

The omission by the Greeks of all mention of the Old Testament from which they draw all their wisdom, is ascribed to a self-chosen blindness in refusing to recognize the only God and in persecuting the followers of the only fountain of truth.

An alternative is to keep adding constructed points to the cissoid which get closer and closer to the intersection with line PC, but the number of steps may very well be infinite, and the Greeks did not recognize approximations as limits of infinite steps ( so they were very puzzled by Zeno's paradoxes ).

Albiruni also points out that, in contradiction to the Greeks and Persians, the Hindu astrologers of his period disagreed upon the degree positions of the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn, and did not recognize the exaltations of the nodes-a principle he described himself as being " quite proper ".

According to the Bibliotheca, no one had realised that Ajax had raped Cassandra until Calchas, the Greek seer, warned the Greeks that Athena was furious at the treatment of her priestess and she would destroy the Greek ships if they didn't kill him immediately.

Later Greek myths also say that Helen had spent the time of the Trojan War in Egypt, and not at Troy, and that after Troy the Greeks went there to recover her.

His value as a war god is even placed in doubt: during the Trojan War, Ares was on the losing side, while Athena, often depicted in Greek art as holding Nike ( Victory ) in her hand, favored the triumphant Greeks.

" Thus in the example above, Hecuba presents herself as a sophisticated intellectual describing a rationalized cosmos yet the speech is ill-matched to her audience, Menelaus ( a type of the unsophisticated listener ), and soon it is found not to suit the cosmos either ( her infant grandson is brutally murdered by the victorious Greeks ).

Though Etruscans preferred to show the goddess as a nurturer ( Kourotrophos ) rather than an abductor of young men, the late Archaic sculptural acroterion from Etruscan Cære, now in Berlin, showing the goddess in archaic running pose adapted from the Greeks, and bearing a boy in her arms, has commonly been identified as Eos and Cephalus.

In an alternate version, Hera alone produced Hebe after being impregnated by a head of lettuce or by beating her hand on the Earth, a solemnizing action for the Greeks.

Unlike any Greeks, the Etruscans instead pictured a full-grown bearded Heracles at Hera's breast: this may refer to his adoption by her when he became an Immortal.

Hecate was worshipped by both the Greeks and the Romans who had their own festivals dedicated to her.

According to Ruickbie ( 2004, p. 19 ) the Greeks observed two days sacred to Hecate, one on the 13th of August and one on the 30th of November, whilst the Romans observed the 29th of every month as her sacred day.

Paris accepted Aphrodite's gift and awarded the apple to her, receiving Helen as well as the enmity of the Greeks and especially of Hera.

Athena's beauty is rarely commented in in the myths, perhaps because Greeks held her up as an asexual being, being able to " overcome " her " womanly weaknesses " in order to become both wise and talented in war ( both considered male domains by the Greeks ).

Her rage at losing makes her join the Greeks in the battle against Paris's Trojans, a key event in the turning point of the war.

For the classical Greeks, Leto is scarcely to be conceived apart from being pregnant and finding a place to be delivered of Apollo and Artemis, for Hera being jealous, made it so all lands shunned her.

Herodotus reported a temple to her in Egypt supposedly attached to a floating island called " Khemmis " in Buto, which also included a temple to an Egyptian god Greeks identified by interpretatio graeca as Apollo.

Incidentally, Telemachus learns the fate of Menelaus ’ brother Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and leader of the Greeks at Troy: he was murdered on his return home by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus.

She was also the mother of " starlike " Asterion, called by the Greeks the Minotaur, after a curse from Poseidon caused her to experience lust for and mate with a white bull sent by Poseidon.

It was for her sake, he said, that the Greeks and Barbarians fought the Trojan War, deluding themselves with an image of truth, for the real being was then present with the First God.

In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans ( Greeks ) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus king of Sparta.

The pre-modern etymology of her name, from tithemi ( τίθημι ), " to set up, establish ," suggests a perception among Classical Greeks of an early political role.

By the late Egyptian historical period, after the occupations by the Greeks and the Romans, Isis became the most important and most powerful deity of the Egyptian pantheon because of her magical skills.

During the Russo-Turkish War, Alexandra was clearly partial against Turkey and towards Russia, where her sister was married to the Tsarevitch, and she lobbied for a revision of the border between Greece and Turkey in favour of the Greeks.