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The Hallstein doctrine, however, became obsolete ; the two Germanies entered the United Nations side by side ; and most other states which hitherto only had diplomatic relationships to the Federal Republic established ambassadors, including the Western Allied ( a notable exception being the Holy See ).
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Hallstein and doctrine
The Hallstein Doctrine, named after Walter Hallstein, was a key doctrine in the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany ( West Germany ) after 1955.
Grewe himself writes that he devised the broad outlines of the policy, but mainly as one of a number of options, the decisions being made by the foreign minister, Brentano, and the chancellor, Adenauer ; in any case, the name Hallstein doctrine may be something of a misnomer.
His name is associated with the Hallstein Doctrine, a key doctrine in West German foreign policy during the Cold War.
Hallstein and became
Some time later, in 1958, journalists named the policy the Hallstein – Grewe Doctrine, and this later became shortened to the Hallstein Doctrine.
Hallstein and ;
Indeed, by the late 1960s, the unwavering stance of the Hallstein Doctrine was actually considered detrimental to US interests ; numerous American advisors and policymakers, most notably Henry Kissinger, urged Bonn to be more flexible.
Hallstein and by
Although initiated by a gamble of then-President of the Commission, Walter Hallstein, who lost the Presidency after the crisis, it exposed flaws in the Council's workings.
In Germany, the term was used mainly by proponents of closer adaptation to US policies, chiefly Franz Josef Strauss, but was initially coined in scholarly debate, and made known by the German political scientists Walter Hallstein and Richard Löwenthal, reflecting feared effects of withdrawal of US troops from Germany.
The EEC was headed by Walter Hallstein ( Hallstein Commission ) and Euratom was headed by Louis Armand ( Armand Commission ) and then Etienne Hirsch.
The text of the speeches by Foreign Minister Brentano, Hallstein and Grewe were later distributed to embassies worldwide.
The Hallstein Doctrine was named after Walter Hallstein, then " state secretary " ( the top civil servant ) at the German Foreign Office, though largely devised and implemented by the head of the political department of the German Foreign Office, Wilhelm Grewe.
At the time the Hallstein Doctrine was born ( or at least named ), Heinrich von Brentano was the foreign minister, a post that had been recently created, after West Germany largely regained its sovereignty in 1955 — before this, political responsibility for foreign policy had been retained by the chancellor, Konrad Adenauer.
The easing of tensions with the East envisioned by Ostpolitik necessarily began with the Soviet Union, the only Eastern Bloc state with which the Federal Republic had formal diplomatic ties ( despite the aforementioned Hallstein Doctrine ).
In September 1955 he was responsible for the policy that bears his name, the Hallstein Doctrine, though much of the work formulating this is said to have actually been done by his deputy Wilhelm Grewe.
The Walter Hallstein Prize is awarded annually in November by the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main, the town of Frankfurt am Main and the Dresdner Bank for special services to European integration.
Hallstein and other
Under the Hallstein Doctrine, the FRG did not have any diplomatic relations with countries in Eastern Europe until the early 1970s, when Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik led to increased dialogue and treaties like the Treaty of Warsaw, where West Germany accepted the Oder-Neisse line as German-Polish border, and the Basic Treaty, where West and East Germany accepted each other as sovereign entities.
West Germany ( FRG ) and East Germany ( GDR ) recognized each other as sovereign states for the first time, an abandonment of West Germany's Hallstein Doctrine in favor of Ostpolitik.
Hallstein and which
In 1965 Hallstein put forward his proposals for the Common Agricultural Policy, which would give the Community its own financial resources while giving more power to the Commission and Parliament and removing the veto power over Agriculture in the Council.
This contrasted with the Hallstein Doctrine, a West German policy which insisted that West Germany was the only legitimate German state.
Hallstein and diplomatic
Hallstein referred to the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in spite of the latter's recognition of East Germany as a " singular act " because of the Soviet Union's privileged status as an occupying power.
These governments refused to have any contact with the GDR government due to its undemocratic character, and the Hallstein Doctrine stipulated that the FRG would withdraw diplomatic contact from any country that established diplomatic relations with the GDR.
The Hallstein Doctrine involved non-recognition of East Germany, and restricted ( or often ceased ) diplomatic relations to countries that gave East Germany the status of a sovereign state.
Hallstein and Federal
The Hallstein Doctrine followed from the Federal Republic's claimed exclusive mandate to represent the whole of Germany ( the Alleinvertretungsanspruch ).
During the 1970s while Willy Brandt was chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany ( FRG ), the FRG followed a foreign relations policy of Ostpolitik abandoning elements of the Hallstein Doctrine.
Hallstein and including
* During his lifetime Walter Hallstein received honorary doctorates from nine European and nine American universities, including the Universities of Hamburg, Padua, Columbia, Georgetown, and Harvard.
Hallstein and being
President Walter Hallstein was interested but cautious about making long-term commitments while the issue of where the institutions were based was still being discussed.
Hallstein and Holy
Hallstein Doctrine, Hamburg, Hannover, Hartz concept, Heidelberg, Heidenheim ( district ), Heilbronn, Heilbronn ( district ), Heinrich Brüning, Heinrich Lübke, Helmut Kohl, Helmut Schmidt, Hermann Müller, Heuss, Theodor, Hitler, Adolf, Hesse, Hesse, Hermann, History of East Germany, History of Germany, History of Germany since 1945, Hohenlohe, Holy Roman Empire
Hallstein and ).
Member of the Commission ( Hallstein Commission ) of the CEE from 1958 until 1967, responsible for external relations, he played an important role in the negotiations of the Kennedy Round ( 1964 – 1967 ).
In 1967, he succeeded Walter Hallstein as President of the European Commission ( he was the first President of the Commission of the merged CSCE, CEE and EAEC ).
doctrine and however
Other conservative Lutherans, however, may favor High Church Lutheranism which remains generally favorable to the traditional doctrine of Apostolic Succession ( see above ).
Nothing, however, can be more absurd than this whole doctrine of the balance of trade, upon which, not only these restraints, but almost all the other regulations of commerce are founded.
Medieval military doctrine employed them as part of a combined-arms force along with various kinds of foot troops ; however medieval chroniclers tended to pay undue attention to the knights at the expense of the rank and file, which led early students of military history to suppose that this heavy cavalry was the only force that mattered on medieval European battlefields, which was not the case.
The council fathers, however, felt that no new creed was necessary, and that the doctrine had been laid out clearly in Leo's Tome.
He is best known, however, for his role in popularising the doctrine of uniformitarianism.
The " doctrine " portion of the book, however, has been removed by both the LDS Church and the Community of Christ.
A weaker or more moderate form of this political theory does hold, however, that the king is subject to the church and the pope, although completely irreproachable in other ways ; but according to this doctrine in its strong form, only God can judge an unjust king.
This Gospel is considered by the majority of academics, including Christians and some Muslims ( such as Abbas el-Akkad ) to be late and pseudepigraphical ; however, some academics suggest that it may contain some remnants of an earlier apocryphal work ( perhaps Gnostic, Ebionite or Diatessaronic ), redacted to bring it more in line with Islamic doctrine.
While we do not know Palestrina's compositional motivations, he may have been quite conscious of the need for intelligible text, however, this was not to conform with any doctrine of the Counter-Reformation, because no such doctrine exists.
This doctrine and designation, however, are not shared by all Christian denominations, or the other Abrahamic religions.
Approximately 200 years after the end of Elizabeth's reign, however, a patent represents a legal obtained by an inventor providing for exclusive control over the production and sale of his mechanical or scientific invention ... the evolution of patents from royal prerogative to common-law doctrine.
All of these teachings are shared and identical in most schools and groups of Nichiren Buddhism, however, different interpretations are found for the doctrine of the ” Three Great Secret Dharmas ”, called also “ The Three Great Secret Laws ”, and Three Jewels.
Plato's doctrine of recollection, however, addresses such criticism by saying that souls are born with the concepts of the forms, and just have to be reminded of those concepts from back before birth, when the souls were in close contact with the forms in the Platonic heaven.
In 2002, however, Paris extradited Paolo Persichetti, an ex-member of the Red Brigades who was teaching sociology, signaling for the first time a departure from the " Mitterrand doctrine ".
The rule of faith, however, seems to be also applied by Tertullian to some distinct formula of doctrine, and he gives a succinct statement of the Christian faith under this term ( De praescriptione, xiii ).
In Biddle v. Perovich,, however, the Supreme Court reversed the doctrine, ruling that " pardon in our days is not a private act of grace from an individual happening to possess power.
The doctrine, however, can also be applied to the detriment of states, as occurred with Texas.
Under the equal footing doctrine, however, Texas was found not to have control over the three-mile belt after admission into the Union, because the original states did not at the time of joining the union control such waters.
Maoists, however, are quick to point out that the CPK strongly deviated from Marxist doctrine, and that the few references to Maoist China in CPK propaganda were critical of the Chinese.
It was Contarini who led to the stating of a definition in connection with the article of justification in which occurs the famous formula " by faith alone are we justified ," with which was combined, however, the Roman Catholic doctrine of good works.
Many cases fall under the " capable of repetition " doctrine ; however, because there is a review process available under most circumstances, the exception to declaring mootness did not apply to such cases.
However, the Louisiana Supreme Court notes the principal difference between the two legal doctrines: a single court decision can provide sufficient foundation for the common law doctrine of stare decisis, however, " a
This rule itself however, being legal doctrine, is not explicitly included anywhere within the written law and is only found in the official commission reports and ministerial commentaries accompanying the bill.
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