Greek ἄβαξ itself is probably a borrowing of a Northwest Semitic, perhaps Phoenician, word akin to Hebrew ʾābāq ( אבק ), " dust " ( since dust strewn on wooden boards to draw figures in ).

The Phoenician letter names, in which each letter was associated with a word that begins with that sound, continue to be used to varying degrees in Samaritan, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek and Arabic.

The Christian writer's traditional re-interpretation is that the Hebrew word Sheol can mean many things, including " grave ", " resort ", " place of waiting " and " place of healing ".

This word is usually conceded to be derived from the Hebrew ( Aramaic ), meaning " Thou art our father " ( אב לן את ), and also occurs in connection with Abrasax ; the following inscription is found upon a metal plate in the Carlsruhe Museum:

Its latest meaning is more or less similar to the Sanskrit word kalpa and Hebrew word olam.

The Bible translation is a treatment of the Hebrew word olam and the Greek word aion.

The Hebrew term Abaddon (, ), an intensive form of the word " destruction ", appears as a place of destruction in the Hebrew Bible.

The word may come from Hebrew har məgiddô (), meaning " Mountain of Megiddo ".

Other scholars, including C. C. Torrey, Kline and Jordan argue that the word is derived from the Hebrew moed (), meaning " assembly ".

This comes from the use of the word " Hebrew " to designate a people instead of a language: the Hebrew Bible is the Bible of the Hebrew people.

Loving-kindness living: Boaz and Ruth are models of an altruism for which the word " loving-kindness " has been coined ( approximately translating Hebrew hesed ).

His name comes either from the Hebrew word חבק ( khavak ) meaning " embrace " or else from an Akkadian word hambakuku for a kind of plant.

In the Septuagint version of the Hebrew Bible, the word Christ was used to translate into Greek the Hebrew mashiach ( messiah ), meaning " anointed.

The title " Messiah " comes from the Hebrew word מ ָ ש ִׁ יח ַ ( māšiáħ ) meaning anointed one.

The term Mazzaroth, a hapax legomenon in Job 38: 32, may be the Hebrew word for the zodiacal constellations.

For instance, while the Hebrew word chutzpah means " impudence ," its Arabic cognate ḥaṣāfah means " sound judgment ;" even more contradictorily, the English word black and Polish biały, meaning white, both derive from the PIE, meaning, " to burn or shine.

The term cabal derives from Kabbalah ( a word that has numerous spelling variations ), the mystical interpretation ( of Babylonian origin ) of the Hebrew scripture, and originally meant either an occult doctrine or a secret.

In the following year her father undertook to give a course in Hebrew theology to Johns Hopkins students, and this brought to the Szold house a group of bright young Jews who had come to Baltimore to study, and who enjoyed being fed and mothered by Mamma and entertained by Henrietta and Rachel, who played and sang for them in the upstairs sitting room on Sunday evenings.

Discoveries recently made of old Biblical manuscripts in Hebrew and Greek and other ancient writings, some by the early church fathers, in themselves called for a restudy of the Bible.

At one time I became disturbed in the faith in which I had grown up by the apparent inroads being made upon both Old and New Testaments by a `` Higher Criticism '' of the Bible, to refute which I felt the need of a better knowledge of Hebrew and of archaeology, for it seemed to me that to pull out some of the props of our faith was to weaken the entire structure.

Abjads differ from abugidas, another category invented by Daniels, in that in abjads, the vowel sound is implied by phonology, and where vowel marks exist for the system, such as nikkud for Hebrew and harakāt for Arabic, their use is optional and not the dominant ( or literate ) form.

However, most modern abjads, such as Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic and Avestan, are " impure " abjads, that is, they also contain symbols for some of the vowel phonemes.

Among the scripts in modern use, the Hebrew alphabet bears the closest relation to the Imperial Aramaic script of the 5th century BCE, with an identical letter inventory and, for the most part, nearly identical letter shapes.

Its widespread usage led to the gradual adoption of the Aramaic alphabet for writing the Hebrew language.

The attempts to discover a derivation for the name, Greek, Hebrew, Coptic, or other, have not been entirely successful:

It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur ( Akkadian: ; Aramaic: ; Hebrew: ; Arabic: ).

A Hebrew treatise on computational astronomy dated to AD 1378 / 79, alludes to the Atlantis myth in a discussion concerning the determination of zero points for the calculation of longitude:

* The original order (), used for lettering, derives from the order of the Phoenician alphabet, and is therefore similar to the order of other Phoenician-derived alphabets, such as the Hebrew alphabet.

In particular, the chief Hebrew name for God in scholastic tradition, El, must be derived of a different Adamic name for God, which Dante gives as I.

Six weeks before the German invasion of Poland, Heschel left Warsaw for London with the help of Julian Morgenstern, president of Hebrew Union College, who had been working to obtain visas for Jewish scholars in Europe.

He served on the faculty of Hebrew Union College ( HUC ), the main seminary of Reform Judaism, in Cincinnati for five years.

Heschel saw the teachings of the Hebrew prophets as a clarion call for social action in the United States and worked for black civil rights and against the Vietnam War Heschel was an activist for civil rights in the United States.

Heschel argues for the view of Hebrew prophets as receivers of the " Divine Pathos ," of the wrath and sorrow of God over his nation that has forsaken him.

In 1965, he founded the Israel Institute for Talmudic Publications and began his monumental work on the Talmud, including translation into Hebrew, English, Russian, and various other languages.

), while generally using the Septuagint and Vulgate, now supplemented by the ancient Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts, as the textual basis for the deuterocanonical books.

He was also the one responsible for replacing the title God in the Hebrew texts to read ' Lord of Hosts.

Whereas other nations have soothsayers and diviners who attempt to discover the will of their gods, according to Heschel the Hebrew prophets are characterized by their experience of what he calls theotropism — God turning towards humanity.

The books of the Old Testament, showing their positions in both the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible, shown with their names in Hebrew ) and Christian Bibles.

The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox receive several additional books in to their canons based upon their presence in manuscripts of the ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, the Septuagint ( although some of these books, such as Sirach and Tobit, are now known to be extant in Hebrew or Aramaic originals, being found amongst the Dead Sea Scrolls ).

This corresponds to their time of composition: Samuel and Kings were probably completed during the exile, at a time when the history of the newly wiped out Hebrew kingdoms was still fresh in the minds of the writers.

The canonicity of these Greek additions has been a subject of scholarly disagreement practically since their first appearance in the Septuagint –- Martin Luther, being perhaps the most vocal Reformation-era critic of the work, considered even the original Hebrew version to be of very doubtful value.

Medieval scholars used in the Vulgate the Hebrew rendering of these two verses, and in their eyes the words " Agur " and " Lemuel " were but symbolic names of Solomon.

They repeat from their well-worn Hebrew Bibles and prayer-books the Lamentations of Jeremiah and suitable Psalms.

The Hebrew Bible commands Jews to circumcise their male children on the eighth day of life, and to circumcise their male slaves ().

The subject of the Tanakh, or Hebrew Bible, is the history of the Children of Israel, especially in terms of their relationship with God.

Some Christian denominations ( such as Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox ), include a number of books that are not in the Hebrew Bible ( the biblical apocrypha or deuterocanonical books or Anagignoskomena, see Development of the Old Testament canon ) in their biblical canon that are not in today's Jewish canon, although they were included in the Septuagint.

Although the Hebrew Bible has many references to capital punishment, the Jewish sages used their authority to make it nearly impossible for a Jewish court to impose a death sentence.

Although the Hebrew Bible describes this event as an ecstatic vision rather than a historical occurrence, later interpreters speculated as to the fate of these men, both before and after their revitalization.

" & " He who gazed diligently in his mind on the great Moses, and after the model of the Hebrew women he taught the Aramaean women to give praise with their madrashe " — James of Sarugh

A cursive Hebrew script is used in handwriting: the letters tend to be more circular in form when written in cursive, and sometimes vary markedly from their printed equivalents.

According to Jewish esoteric teachings, the Hebrew letters are the lifeforce of all things created, determining their essence.

Judaism understands that the vast majority of people, aside from those who are termed Tzadikim Gemurim ( Hebrew: צדיק, " the righteous "), will succumb to sin in their lives.

A final appeal is made to the Jewish people throughout the Diaspora to rally round the " Free Hebrew people in its land " in the tasks of immigration and upbuilding and to stand by them in the struggle for the realization of their age-old dream, the redemption of Israel.

The stories of Isaac, like other patriarchal stories of Genesis, are generally believed in liberal Western scholarship to have " their origin in folk memories and oral traditions of the early Hebrew pastoralist experience.