* War continues between the Hindu Vijayanagar Empire and the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate in present-day southern India.

South of these, the Hindu state of Carnatic or Vijayanagar still survived ; but this, too, was destroyed, at the Battle of Talikota ( 1565 ) by a league of the Muslim powers.

At the beginning of the 15th century, the whole country had come under the rule of the kings of Vijayanagar ; but in the anarchy that followed the overthrow of the Vijayanagar empire by the Mussulmans in the 16th century, the Hindu viceroys ( nayakkas ) established in Madura, Tanjore and Kanchi made themselves independent, only in their turn to become tributary to the kings of Golconda and Bijapur, who divided the Carnatic between them.

But by the early 16th century, the Gajapatis lost great portions of their southern dominion to Vijayanagar and Golconda. The Gajapatis were a medieval Hindu Suryavamsi dynasty of Kalinga-Utkal Orissa who ruled large parts of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh.

In the 14th century, the district was first overrun by the Bahmani Sultanate, after which it was annexed to the newly established Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar, an official of which named Dhar Rao, according to local tradition, built the fort at Dharwad town in 1403.

After the defeat of the king of Vijayanagar at Talikot ( 1565 ), Dharwad was for a few years practically independent under its Hindu governor ; but in 1573 the fort was captured by the sultan of Bijapur, Adil Shah, and Dharwad was annexed to his dominions.

This was especially so in the north, where Mughals and Afghans were vying for power, whereas the south was controlled by the comparatively stable Hindu Vijayanagar Empire, ruled at that time by Krishnadevaraya.

The Hindu kings of Vijayanagar empire ruled Venad briefly in the 16th century.

The fall of Vijayanagar Empire to Muslim rulers had marked the end of Hindu imperial assertions in the Deccan.

The relations between Vijayanagar and the Hindu Pad Padshahi of the Marathas can be found elsewhere as well.

With the Vijayanagar army in shambles, Rama Raya's nepotism at the expense of traditional Hindu civil officers left the whole kingdom in a state of chaos.

Yamaji Rao accepted the message and joined the Vijayanagar side with the Hindu troops in the Shah? s army and critical intelligence.

Princess Junjung Buih, the queen of the Hindu kingdom of Negara Dipa ( situated in Candi Agung area of Amuntai ) married a Javanese prince, Prince Suryanata, and together they ruled the kingdom which is a tributary to the Majapahit Empire ( 1365 ).

When India became part of the British Empire, there was a break in tradition, and Hindu and Islamic law were supplanted by the common law.

In 1947, the region of Bengal under the British Empire was partitioned into East and West Bengal which separated the Muslim majority eastern areas from the Hindu majority western areas.

In addition to the Mughals and various Rajput kingdoms, several independent Hindu states, such as the Vijayanagara Empire, the Maratha Empire, Eastern Ganga Empire and the Ahom Kingdom, flourished contemporaneously in southern, western, eastern and northeastern India respectively.

As a result, much territories of former Vijaynagar Empire were captured by Deccan Sultanates and the remaining got divided into many states ruled by Hindu rulers.

The Maratha Empire ( orange ) was the last Hindu empire of India.

* 1565 – Battle of Talikota, fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Islamic sultanates of the Deccan, leads to the subjugation, and eventual destruction of the last Hindu kingdom in India, and the consolidation of Islamic rule over much of the Indian subcontinent.

One of the famous battles was the 1761 Battle of Panipat in which the Afghans invaded and decisively defeated the Hindu Maratha Empire.

* The Hindu Majapahit Empire of the Malay archipelago is founded by Kertarajasa, it benefits from internal conflict and Mongol intervention to defeat the Singhasari kingdom and establish the empire.

The Deva Kingdom was a Hindu dynasty of medieval Bengal that ruled over eastern Bengal after the collapse Sena Empire.

Since the 14th century the Deccan ( Southern Peninsular region of India ) was divided into two entities: on the one side stood the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate and on the other stood the Hindu kings rallied around the Vijayanagara Empire.

This was not unusual for the time, as much of the Indian subcontinent was then in turmoil, with the Hindu Maratha Confederacy struggling with the remnants of the Muslim Mughal Empire.

A statue of Lord Brahma ( background ) at a temple in VientianeHinduism was the primary influence over much of the Khmer Empire, and examples of Hindu themes can be found on their temples, such as Vat Phou from that era.

His embrace of Theravada Buddhism and his success in stopping the advance of Khmer Empire, a Hindu state, provided the Buddhist school, which had been in retreat elsewhere in South and Southeast Asia, a much needed reprieve and a safe shelter.

But this Hindu tradition, along with Islamic law, was supplanted by the common law when India became part of the British Empire.

" in Altekar: < i > The Coinage of the Gupta Empire ," Varanasi: Banaras Hindu University, 1957, p. 151 .</ ref > Rev: Legend in Brahmi, " Chandragupta Vikramaditya, King of Kings, and a devotee of Vishnu ", around Garuda, the mythic eagle and dynastic symbol of the Guptas.

The sultans ' failure to hold securely the Deccan and South India resulted in the rise of competing southern dynasties: the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate ( 1347 – 1527 ) and the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire ( 1336 – 1565 ).

The persecution of Muslims started in late 1600s and early 1700s when Hindu Maratha Empire started Plundering the Muslim Mughal Empire.

Shivaji declared holy war against Muslim Mughal Empire of India and declared Hindu Swarajya ( Independent Hindu Kingdom ).

The numeral system came to be known to both the Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, whose book On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals written about 825 in Arabic, and the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi, who wrote four volumes, " On the Use of the Indian Numerals " ( Ketab fi Isti ' mal al -' Adad al-Hindi ) about 830.

The term ‘ Hindu ’ came to include persons professing any Indian religion ( i. e. Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism or Sikhism ) after India became an independent country

In the 14th century, the Hindu Java-based Majapahit empire came into possession of the peninsula.

In addition to shrardha ( the ritual Hindu offerings by the son of deceased ), we find among Hindus widespread adherence to the notion of divine intervention in ones fate, while Buddhists eventually came to propound such theories like boon-granting bodhisattvas, transfer of merit and like.

The Netherlands is also home to a significant Hindu minority, mostly made up of migrants who came from former colony Suriname after its independence.

Bose attended Hindu School in Calcutta, and later attended Presidency College, also in Calcutta, earning the highest marks at each institution while fellow student Meghnad Saha came second.

Many philosophies and religions seek to " pierce the veil " of māyā in order to glimpse the transcendent truth from which the illusion of a physical reality springs, drawing from the idea that first came to life in the Hindu stream of Vedanta.

Increasingly impressive temple pyramids came to represent Mount Meru, the home of the Hindu gods, with the moats surrounding the temples representing the mythological oceans.

When Hinduism first came to Java, Yama was still the same as Yama in Hindu myth.

Ayodhya is a pilgrimage site for Hindus and the annual Ram festival is regularly attended by over 500, 000 people of both the Hindu and Muslim faiths, and many devotees came to drink water from the well in the Babri Mosque's courtyard.

Europeans first came in contact with elephants in 327 BC, when Alexander the Great descended into India from the Hindu Kush, but Alexander was quick to adopt them.

While Hindu tantra eventually came to see the letters as well as the sounds as representatives of the divine, the shift toward writing occurred when Buddhism traveled to China.

The goal was to unite Hindus, make them rise over their caste differences and work to achieve a Hindu Rashtra ; the ideology of the Sangh, closely associated with political Hinduism, came to be known as Hindutva.

The independent Hindu and the Buddhist rule of Srinagar lasted until the 14th century when the Kashmir valley, including the city, came under the control of the several Muslim rulers, including the Mughals.

The case came into light during Vishwanath Pratap Singh's tenure as defence minister, and was revealed through investigative journalism by a team led by N. Ram of the newspaper The Hindu.

The spread of Theravada Buddhism, which came to Kambuja from Sri Lanka by way of the Mon kingdoms, challenged the royal Hindu and Mahayana Buddhist cults.

He came from Swat ( situated in present day Pakistan ), the then tribal territory on the borders of Afghanistan and rose to the position of Minister to the ruling Hindu king.

Thus, Dr. Hedgewar came to the conclusion that all the problems he felt the Hindu community in India faced — subjugation and oppression by ' foreigners ' in the present and past, provincialism, and untouchability-were a result of an inherent flaw in the Hindu character rather than problems themselves.

Hindu and Buddhist religious establishments of Southeast Asia came to be associated with economic activity and commerce as patrons entrusted large funds which would later be used to benefit local economy by estate management, craftsmanship and promotion of trading activities.

Consequently, these soldiers dined in separate facilities ; in addition, overseas service, considered polluting to their caste, was not required of them, and the army soon came officially to recognize Hindu festivals.

Another Hindu myth names Parnashala as the location where Rama killed Maricha, who came in disguise of a golden deer to deceive Sita.

Bali has its own caste system, which came to the island along with the Hindu religion.

When we realize that an educated Japanese can hardly frame a single literary sentence without the use of Chinese resources, that to this day Siamese and Burmese and Cambodgian bear the unmistakable imprint of the Sanskrit and Pali that came in with Hindu Buddhism centuries ago, or that whether we argue for or against the teaching of Latin and Greek schools our arguments are sure to be studded with words that have come to us from Rome and Athens, we get some indication of what early Chinese culture, Buddhism, and classical mediterranean civilization have meant in the world's history.