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The Holy Roman Emperor (, " Roman-German Emperor "; ) is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who had also received the title of " Emperor of the Romans " from the Pope.
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The breakup of the Holy Roman Empire and the downfall of feudalism led, not more than two centuries ago, to the surge of nationalism.
Representing as it did the efforts of only unauthorized individuals of the Roman and Anglican Churches, and urging a communion of prayer unacceptable to Rome, this association produced little fruit, and, in fact, was condemned by the Holy Office in 1864.
* 1632 – Maria Leopoldine of Austria, Holy Roman Empire Empress ( d. 1649 )
* 1632 – Battle of Rain: Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years ' War.
* 1806 – Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates ending the Holy Roman Empire.
* 1697 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1745 )
Francis I of France recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, recognizes Francis's claim to Milan.
* 1645 – Thirty Years ' War: the Second Battle of Nördlingen sees French forces defeating those of the Holy Roman Empire.
Until the dissolution of Holy Roman Empire and mediatization of smaller imperial fiefs by Napoleon, the evangelical Abbess of Quedlinburg was also per officio the head of that reichsunmittelbar state.
* 1521 – Martin Luther's first appearance before the Diet of Worms to be examined by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the other estates of the empire.
* 982 – Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria
Following the treaty of Verdun of 843, Alemannia became a province of the eastern kingdom of Louis the German, the precursor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Over the next 500 years, most kings of Germany destined to reign over the Holy Roman Empire were crowned in Aachen.
* 1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
At Christmas 1196, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI attempted to force Alexios III to pay him a tribute of 5, 000 pounds ( later negotiated down to 1, 600 pounds ) of gold or face invasion.
After his education, Alexei married, albeit greatly against his will Princess Charlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, whose family was connected by marriage to many of the great families of Europe i. e., Charlotte's sister Elizabeth was married to Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy.
* 1619 – Ferdinand II is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Absalon's main political goal was to free Denmark from entanglements with the Holy Roman Empire.
However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.
Absalon kept his hostile attitude to the Holy Roman Empire.
This provision was repealed in 1716, at the request of George I, who was also the Elector of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg of the Holy Roman Empire, and so frequently needed and wanted to stay in Hanover.
* 1675 – Franco-Dutch War: forces of the Holy Roman Empire defeat the French in the Battle of Konzer Brücke.
Holy and Emperor
* 1713 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa of Austria ( not actually born until 1717 ).
* 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Magyars, ending 50 years of Magyar invasion of the West.
There he saw " the things which have been sent to the king from the golden land "— the Aztec treasure that Hernán Cortés had sent home to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V following the fall of Mexico.
Arnulf of Carinthia ( 850 – 8 December 899 ) was the Carolingian King of East Francia from 887, the disputed King of Italy from 894 and the disputed Holy Roman Emperor from 22 February 896 until his death.
Saint Adelaide of Italy ( 931 / 932 – 16 December 999 ), also called Adelaide of Burgundy, was the second wife of Otto the Great, Holy Roman Emperor.
Among their children, four lived to maturity: Henry, born in 952 ; Bruno, born 953 ; Matilda, the first Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg, born about 954 ; and Otto II, later Holy Roman Emperor, born 955.
In 951, Adelaide was married to King Otto I, the future Holy Roman Emperor.
* Otto II-born 955, Holy Roman Emperor
Aldona had two daughters, Cunigunde ( died in 1357 ), who married Louis VI the Roman, the son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, on 1 January 1345, and Elisabeth ( died in 1361 ), who was married to Duke Bogislaus V of Pomerania.
Elisabeth's daughter, Elizabeth of Pomerania, was the fourth wife of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
He was also the younger brother of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Maria was a daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.
The premiere could not be arranged in time, however, so the opera The Marriage of Figaro was substituted on the express orders of the bride's uncle, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II.
Albert was born in Grimma as the third and youngest son ( but fifth child in order of birth ) of Frederick II the Gentle, Elector of Saxony, and Margarete of Austria, sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.
Figures such as Benedict of Aniane were authorized by the Emperor Louis the Pious and his successors to promote its adoption by monasteries throughout the Holy Roman Empire.
Holy and (,
The Archbishopric of Riga (, ) was an archbishopric in Medieval Livonia, a subject to the Holy See.
Hanukkah (, Tiberian:, usually spelled, pronounced in Modern Hebrew ; also romanized as Chanukah, Chanukkah, Chanuka, or Khanukah ), also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Holy Temple ( the Second Temple ) in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt of the 2nd century BCE.
The Holy Roman Empire (,, ) was a varying complex of lands that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.
In a decree following the 1512 Diet of Cologne, the name was officially changed to Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (, ).
The Holy See (, ) is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome.
In Iran, the war is known as the Imposed War (, ) and the Holy Defence (, ).
The Knights who say Ni are a band of knights from the comedy film Monty Python and the Holy Grail, feared for the manner in which they utter the word " ni " (, like knee but clipped short ).
The full official name is Makkat al-Mukarramah (, or ), which means " Mecca the Honored ", but is also loosely translated as " The Holy City of Mecca ".
Theophanu ( 960 – June 15, 991 ) (, Theophano Skleraina ), also spelled Theophania, Theophana or Theophano, was born in Constantinople, and was the wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Charles IV (,, ; 14 May 1316, Prague – 29 November 1378 ), born Wenceslaus ( Václav ), was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor.
Pentecost (, Pentēkostē, " the Fiftieth ") is a prominent feast in the calendar of ancient Israel celebrating the giving of the Law on Sinai, and also later in the Christian liturgical year commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the twelve Apostles of Christ.
68 AD ) (, Onēsimos, meaning " useful ," also called Onesimus of Byzantium and The Holy Apostle Onesimus in some Eastern Orthodox churches ) was a slave to Philemon of Colossae, a man of Christian faith.
La Sainte-Chapelle (, The Holy Chapel ) is one of the only surviving buildings of the Capetian royal palace on the Île de la Cité in the heart of Paris, France ( the others being those of the Conciergerie ).
The " Holy Crown of Hungary " (,,, ), also known as the Crown of Saint Stephen, was the coronation crown used by the Kingdom of Hungary for most of its existence.
Angkor (, " Holy City ") is a region of Cambodia that served as the seat of the Khmer Empire, which flourished from approximately the 9th to 15th centuries.
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia (, ), also known as Barcelona Cathedral, is the Gothic cathedral and seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, Spain.
The remains of an Orthodox Christian are treated with special reverence, in conformity with the biblical teaching that the body of a believer is a " temple of the Holy Spirit " (, etc.
The County of Mark (, colloquially known as Die Mark ) was a county and state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle.
Holy Island (, ' the island of ( Saint ) Cybi ') is an island () on the western side of the larger Isle of Anglesey, North Wales, from which it is separated by a narrow, winding channel.
In the Orthodox Church and many Eastern Catholic Churches oil lamps (, Slavonic: lampada ) are still used both on the Holy Table ( altar ) and to illuminate icons on the iconostasis and around the temple ( church building ).
The Khalkha Jebtsundamba Khutuktus (, Javzandamba Khutagt ; Tibetan: ར ྗེ་ བཙ ུ ན ་ དམ ་ པ ་ Jebtsundamba ; literally, " Holy Venerable Lord ") are the spiritual heads of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia.
Acts of the Apostles contains also a number of references to people coming under the influence of the Holy Spirit (,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ) which is believed to be a good thing in contrast to demonic influence, see also Spirit possession # Christianity.
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (, Aleksandr Vasil ‘ evich Suvorov ; or 1730 – ), Count Suvorov of Rymnik (), Prince of Italy (), Count of the Holy Roman Empire, was a Generalissimo of the Russian Empire.
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