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The IBM PC / XT in 1983 included an internal 10MB hard disk drive, and soon thereafter internal hard disk drives proliferated on personal computers.
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IBM and PC
However, poor marketing and failure to repeat the technological advances of the first systems meant that the Amiga quickly lost its market share to competing platforms, such as the fourth generation game consoles, Apple Macintosh and IBM PC compatibles.
It was also a less expensive alternative to the Apple Macintosh and IBM PC as a general-purpose business or home computer.
The original AIX ( sometimes called AIX / RT ) was developed for the IBM 6150 RT workstation by IBM in conjunction with Interactive Systems Corporation, who had previously ported UNIX System III to the IBM PC for IBM as PC / IX.
Versions were also released for the IBM PC and compatibles, and the Apple IIGS.
These included updates to EtherTalk and TokenTalk, AppleTalk software and LocalTalk hardware for the IBM PC, EtherTalk for Apple's A / UX operating system allowing it to use LaserPrinters and other network resources, and the Mac X. 25 and MacX products.
The first model looked like the later IBM PC ( which came on the market years later ), a rectangular base unit with two floppy drives on the front, and a monitor on top with a separate detachable keyboard.
In the meantime IBM had released its original IBM PC, which incidentally looked remarkably like the Asters base with floppy drives + separate keyboard set-up.
A few years later, in 1981, IBM introduced the first DOS based IBM PC, and due to the overwhelming popularity of PCs and their clones, DOS soon became the operating system on which the majority of BBS programs were run.
This drive was one of several types installed into the IBM PC / XT and extensively advertised and reported as a " 10 MB " ( formatted ) hard disk drive.
For example, the internal clock frequency of the original IBM PC was 4. 77 MHz, that is, Hz.
Early personal computers like the Apple II and the IBM PC integrated an internal backplane for expansion cards.
Backplanes have grown in complexity from the simple Industry Standard Architecture ( ISA ) ( used in the original IBM PC ) or S-100 style where all the connectors were connected to a common bus.
In IBM PC compatible computers, the Basic Input / Output System ( BIOS ), also known as the system BIOS or ROM BIOS (), is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface.
In the IBM PC and AT, certain peripheral cards, such as hard-drive controllers and video display adapters, carried their own BIOS extension Option ROM, which provided additional functionality.
For example, an IBM PC might have either a monochrome or a color display adapter ( using different display memory addresses and hardware ), but a single, standard, BIOS system call may be invoked to display a character at a specified position on the screen in text mode.
So by reducing the number of tracks used and thus capacity, it was possible to further reduce cost-in contrast to Double Density drives used e. g. in IBM PC computers of the day which saved 180 kB on one side ( by using a 40 tracks format ).
IBM and /
* Attached Support Processor, one of the two early IBM System / 360 programs that replaces the native SPOOL facilities of OS / 360 ; the other was Houston Automatic Spooling Priority ( HASP ).
* Auxiliary Storage Pool, a group of disk drives in the IBM i ( aka OS / 400 ) operating system
Originally released for the IBM 6150 RISC workstation, AIX now supports or has supported a wide variety of hardware platforms, including the IBM RS / 6000 series and later IBM POWER and PowerPC-based systems, IBM System i, System / 370 mainframes, PS / 2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server.
The AIX family of operating systems debuted in 1986, became the standard operating system for the RS / 6000 series on its launch in 1990, and is still actively developed by IBM.
Among other variants, IBM later produced AIX Version 3 ( also known as AIX / 6000 ), based on System V Release 3, for their IBM POWER-based RS / 6000 platform.
Since 1990, AIX has served as the primary operating system for the RS / 6000 series ( later renamed IBM eServer pSeries, then IBM System p, and now IBM Power Systems ).
In the late 1990s, under Project Monterey, IBM and the Santa Cruz Operation planned to integrate AIX and UnixWare into a single 32-bit / 64-bit multiplatform UNIX with particular emphasis on running on Intel IA-64 ( Itanium ) architecture CPUs.
IBM and XT
IBM designed the 8-bit version as a buffered interface to the external bus of the Intel 8088 ( 16 / 8 bit ) CPU used in the original IBM PC and PC / XT, and the 16-bit version as an upgrade for the external bus of the Intel 80286 CPU used in the IBM AT.
Later models followed in the trend: for example, the PC / XT, IBM Portable Personal Computer, and PC AT are IBM machine types 5160, 5155, and 5170, respectively.
The 5150's successor, the model 5160 IBM XT, never shipped with SSDD drives ; it generally had one double-sided 360 kB drive ( next to its internal hard disk ).
The first IBM PC model with an internal non-removable hard disk was IBM's model 5160, the XT.
Klietz ported Milieu to an IBM XT in 1983, naming the new port Scepter of Goth.
A modified version of the 68000 formed the basis of the IBM XT / 370 Hardware emulator of a System 370 processor.
The reverse was also true-VLB cards were by necessity quite long in order to reach the VLB connector, and were reminiscent of older full-length expansion cards from the earlier IBM XT era.
* March 8 – IBM releases the IBM PC XT.
Replacement of the factory-installed 8250 UART was a common upgrade for owners of IBM PC, XT, and compatible computers when high-speed modems became available.
The IBM PC, XT, and most compatibles based on the 8088 or 8086 had a socket for the optional 8087 coprocessor.
This is in addition to the hardware standard on the IBM PC, PC / XT, and PC / AT motherboards: keyboard interface, expansion slots, memory subsystem, DMA, interrupt controller, and math coprocessor socket.
) An IBM PC, XT or AT would require at least 4 expansion cards for similar hardware: one video graphics adapter card, one floppy disk controller ( FDC ) card, one serial and parallel port card, and one sound card with a joystick port.
( 4. 77 MHz was the speed of the 8088 in the IBM PC and PC / XT models and so was the de-facto standard speed for an 8088 in an IBM-compatible.
( Earlier Tandy 1000 models, like IBM PC and PC / XT systems, used DIP switches for startup configuration settings.
* IBM PC compatible, computers that are generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT
IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT.
IBM did introduce an upgraded bus in the IBM PS / 2 computer that overcame many of the technical limits of the XT / AT bus, but this was rarely used as the basis for IBM compatible computers since it required licence payments to IBM both for the PS / 2 bus and any prior AT-bus designs produced by the company seeking a license.
IBM and 1983
In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom.
In 1983, Microsoft announced the development of Windows, a graphical user interface ( GUI ) for its own operating system ( MS-DOS ), which had shipped for IBM PC and compatible computers since 1981.
The IBM 5161 Expansion Unit was released in early 1983.
A version of the IBM PC called the 3270 PC, released in October 1983, included 3270 terminal emulation.
Sierra On-Line was contacted by IBM in 1983 to create a game for its new PCjr.
The IBM XT, introduced in 1983, used the same bus ( with slight exception ).
He left IBM in 1983 and has written extensively of the relational model, in association with Hugh Darwen.
Altos shipped a version for their Intel 8086 based computers early in 1982, Tandy Corporation shipped TRS-XENIX for their 68000-based systems in January 1983, and SCO released their port to the IBM PC in September 1983.
The name DB2 was first given to the Database Management System or DBMS in 1983 when IBM released DB2 on its MVS mainframe platform.
Completely rewritten from the ground up, DOS 2. 0 added subdirectories and hard disk support for the new IBM XT, which debuted in March 1983.
In 1983, newly-founded Compaq released the first 100 % IBM PC compatible clone and licensed their own OEM version of DOS 1. 10 ( quickly replaced by DOS 2. 00 ) from Microsoft.
NetBIOS was developed in 1983 by Sytek Inc. as an API for software communication over IBM PC Network LAN technology.
By 1982, when IBM asked Microsoft to release a version of DOS that was compatible with a hard disk, PC DOS 2. 0 was an almost complete rewrite of DOS, so by March 1983, very little of QDOS remained.
From 1983 onward, several new input techniques were developed and included in laptops, including the touchpad ( Gavilan SC, 1983 ), the pointing stick ( IBM ThinkPad 700, 1992 ) and handwriting recognition ( Linus Write-Top, 1987 ).
It was originally developed for Atari 8-bit computers in 1983, but was later ported to several other systems of the day, including the Apple II, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, Amiga, IBM PC, Apple Macintosh, PC-88, and NES.
The WD1771 and its kin were WDC's first entry into the data storage industry ; by the early 1980s, they were making hard disk drive controllers, and in 1983, they won the contract to provide IBM with controllers for the PC / AT.
When the IBM PC XT came out in 1983, BOS served over eight concurrent dumb terminals on it.
In January 1983, the first IBM PC compatible portable computer ( and indeed the first 100 % IBM PC compatible, or " clone ," of any kind ) was the Compaq Portable.
A port was introduced in 1983 as the first Unix-like system for IBM PC compatible computers.
The IBM System / 36 ( often abbreviated as S / 36 ) was a minicomputer marketed by IBM from 1983 to 2000.
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