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In IBM PC compatible computers, the Basic Input / Output System ( BIOS ), also known as the system BIOS or ROM BIOS (), is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface.
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IBM and PC
However, poor marketing and failure to repeat the technological advances of the first systems meant that the Amiga quickly lost its market share to competing platforms, such as the fourth generation game consoles, Apple Macintosh and IBM PC compatibles.
It was also a less expensive alternative to the Apple Macintosh and IBM PC as a general-purpose business or home computer.
The original AIX ( sometimes called AIX / RT ) was developed for the IBM 6150 RT workstation by IBM in conjunction with Interactive Systems Corporation, who had previously ported UNIX System III to the IBM PC for IBM as PC / IX.
Versions were also released for the IBM PC and compatibles, and the Apple IIGS.
These included updates to EtherTalk and TokenTalk, AppleTalk software and LocalTalk hardware for the IBM PC, EtherTalk for Apple's A / UX operating system allowing it to use LaserPrinters and other network resources, and the Mac X. 25 and MacX products.
The first model looked like the later IBM PC ( which came on the market years later ), a rectangular base unit with two floppy drives on the front, and a monitor on top with a separate detachable keyboard.
In the meantime IBM had released its original IBM PC, which incidentally looked remarkably like the Asters base with floppy drives + separate keyboard set-up.
A few years later, in 1981, IBM introduced the first DOS based IBM PC, and due to the overwhelming popularity of PCs and their clones, DOS soon became the operating system on which the majority of BBS programs were run.
This drive was one of several types installed into the IBM PC / XT and extensively advertised and reported as a " 10 MB " ( formatted ) hard disk drive.
For example, the internal clock frequency of the original IBM PC was 4. 77 MHz, that is, Hz.
Early personal computers like the Apple II and the IBM PC integrated an internal backplane for expansion cards.
Backplanes have grown in complexity from the simple Industry Standard Architecture ( ISA ) ( used in the original IBM PC ) or S-100 style where all the connectors were connected to a common bus.
In the IBM PC and AT, certain peripheral cards, such as hard-drive controllers and video display adapters, carried their own BIOS extension Option ROM, which provided additional functionality.
For example, an IBM PC might have either a monochrome or a color display adapter ( using different display memory addresses and hardware ), but a single, standard, BIOS system call may be invoked to display a character at a specified position on the screen in text mode.
So by reducing the number of tracks used and thus capacity, it was possible to further reduce cost-in contrast to Double Density drives used e. g. in IBM PC computers of the day which saved 180 kB on one side ( by using a 40 tracks format ).
IBM and compatible
DS had the distinction of being built on top of SNA, and thereby being fully compatible with DS on the IBM midrange AS / 400 and mainframe systems.
AIX PS / 2, first released in 1989, ran on IBM PS / 2 personal computers with Intel 386 and compatible processors.
* The IBM 7080 transistorized computer was backward compatible with all models of the IBM 705 vacuum tube computer.
Compaq produced some of the first IBM PC compatible computers, being the first company to legally reverse-engineer IBM Personal Computer.
Compaq PortableIn November 1982 Compaq announced their first product, the Compaq Portable, a portable IBM PC compatible personal computer.
It was the second IBM PC compatible, being capable of running all software that would run on an IBM PC.
* DOS for the IBM PC compatible platform
: The best known family of operating systems named " DOS " is that running on IBM PCs type hardware using Intel x86 CPUs or their compatible cousins from other makers.
The Extended Industry Standard Architecture ( in practice almost always shortened to EISA and frequently pronounced " eee-suh ") is a bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers.
It is compatible with Microsoft / IBM BASICA, but was disk based and did not need the ROM BASIC.
The Debian project, among others, have worked on the Hurd project to produce binary distributions of Hurd-based GNU operating systems for IBM PC compatible systems.
In 1983, Microsoft announced the development of Windows, a graphical user interface ( GUI ) for its own operating system ( MS-DOS ), which had shipped for IBM PC and compatible computers since 1981.
Industry Standard Architecture ( ISA ) is a computer bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers introduced with the IBM Personal Computer to support its Intel 8088 microprocessor's 8-bit external data bus and extended to 16 bits for the IBM Personal Computer / AT's Intel 80286 processor.
In 1988, the Gang of Nine IBM PC compatible manufacturers put forth the 32-bit EISA standard and in the process retroactively renamed the AT bus to " ISA " to avoid infringing IBM's trademark on its PC / AT computer.
The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, is the original version and progenitor of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform.
However, because of the success of the IBM Personal Computer, the term PC came to mean more specifically a microcomputer compatible with IBM's PC products.
It was employed for the IBM PC / AT, introduced in 1984, and then widely used in most PC / AT compatible computers until the early 1990s.
IBM and computers
Originally released for the IBM 6150 RISC workstation, AIX now supports or has supported a wide variety of hardware platforms, including the IBM RS / 6000 series and later IBM POWER and PowerPC-based systems, IBM System i, System / 370 mainframes, PS / 2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server.
Most of IBM's early binary " scientific " computers, beginning with the vacuum tube IBM 701 in 1952, used a single 36-bit accumulator, along with a separate multiplier / quotient register to handle operations with longer results.
In 1964 IBM introduced its System / 360 computer architecture which was used in a series of computers that could run the same programs with different speed and performance.
The System / 360 architecture was so popular that it dominated the mainframe computer market for decades and left a legacy that is still continued by similar modern computers like the IBM zSeries.
The common teleprinter could easily be interfaced to the computer and became very popular except for those computers manufactured by IBM.
These were able to compete in many roles with larger mainframe computers, such as the IBM System / 370.
These architectures range from the Intel / AMD 32-bit / 64-bit architectures commonly found in personal computers to the ARM architecture commonly found in embedded systems and the IBM eServer zSeries mainframes.
* The DOS / 360 initial / simple operating system for the IBM System / 360 family of mainframe computers ( it later became DOS / VSE, and was eventually just called VSE ).
It ran on IBM mainframe computers using the Michigan Terminal System.
EBCDIC () was devised in 1963 and 1964 by IBM and was announced with the release of the IBM System / 360 line of mainframe computers.
While IBM was a chief proponent of the ASCII standardization committee, they did not have time to prepare ASCII peripherals ( such as card punch machines ) to ship with its System / 360 computers, so the company settled on EBCDIC.
In 1987, IBM released the PS / 2 line of computers, which included the MCA bus.
An early functional-flavored language was Lisp, developed by John McCarthy while at Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) for the IBM 700 / 7000 series scientific computers in the late 1950s.
Vendors of high-performance scientific computers ( e. g., Burroughs, CDC, Cray, Honeywell, IBM, Texas Instruments, and UNIVAC ) added extensions to Fortran to take advantage of special hardware features such as instruction cache, CPU pipelines, and vector arrays.
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