The IEEE C-band ( 4 GHz to 8 GHz )-and its slight variations-contains frequency ranges that are used for many satellite communications transmissions, some Wi-Fi devices, some cordless telephones, and some weather radar systems.

Note that by using the band from 3. 7 to 4. 0 GHz, this C-band overlaps somewhat into the IEEE S-band for radars.

The C-band frequencies of 5. 4 GHz band to 5. 35 GHz, or 5. 47 to 5. 725 GHz, or 5. 725 to 5. 875 GHz, depending on the region of the world is used for IEEE 802. 11a Wi-Fi and cordless telephone applications, leading to occasional interference with some weather radars that are also allocated to the C-band.

Unlike the IEEE, however, the ACM is solely dedicated to computing.

ACM's primary historical competitor has been the IEEE Computer Society, which is the largest subgroup of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

The IEEE focuses more on hardware and standardization issues than theoretical computer science, but there is considerable overlap with ACM's agenda.

The symbol for bit, as a unit of information, is either simply " bit " ( recommended by the ISO / IEC standard 80000-13 ( 2008 )) or lowercase " b " ( recommended by the IEEE 1541 Standard ( 2002 )).

The unit symbol for the byte is specified in IEC80000-13, IEEE 1541 and the Metric Interchange Format as the upper-case character B.

He is a Fellow of the ACM ( 1994 ) and an IEEE Fellow.

The floating-point control register ( FPCR ) is a 64-bit register defined by the architecture intended for use by Alpha implementations with IEEE 754-compliant floating-point hardware.

As with other IEEE 802 LANs, each Ethernet station is given a 48-bit MAC address.

IEEE 1101. 10 covers the additional mechanical and EMI features required for VITA 1. 1-1997 ( R2002 ) which is the VME64 Extensions standard as well as PICMG 2. 0 ( R3. 0 ) which is the CompactPCI specification.

This is the connector that is used for the VMEbus standard which was IEEE 1014.

FireWire is Apple's trademark for the IEEE 1394 interface.

However, since the 1990s, the most commonly encountered representation is that defined by the IEEE 754 Standard.

The common IEEE formats are described in detail later and elsewhere, but as an example, in the binary single-precision ( 32-bit ) floating-point representation p = 24 and so the significand is a string of 24 bits.

When this is stored using the IEEE 754 encoding, this becomes the significand s with e = 1 ( where s is assumed to have a binary point to the right of the first bit ) after a left-adjustment ( or normalization ) during which leading or trailing zeros are truncated should there be any.

Floating-point representation, in particular the standard IEEE format, is by far the most common way of representing an approximation to real numbers in computers because it is efficiently handled in most large computer processors.

The complete range of the format is from about − 10 < sup > 308 </ sup > through + 10 < sup > 308 </ sup > ( see IEEE 754 ).

This position is endorsed by other standards organizations including the IEEE, the International Committee for Weights and Measures ( CIPM ) and the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ), but the binary prefixes have seen limited acceptance.

IEEE 802. 15 is a working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) IEEE 802 standards committee which specifies Wireless Personal Area Network ( WPAN ) standards.

IEEE 802. 15. 3-2003 is a MAC and PHY standard for high-rate ( 11 to 55 Mbit / s ) WPANs.

The IEEE K band is a portion of the radio spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies ranging between 18 and 27 GHz.

Traffic on a VLAN-unaware ( i. e., IEEE 802. 1D conformant ) portion of the network will not contain VLAN tags.

L band refers to four different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum: 40 to 60 GHz ( NATO ), 1 to 2 GHz ( IEEE ), 1565 nm to 1625 nm ( optical ), and around 3. 5 micrometres ( infrared astronomy ).

In February 2002, the Korean government allocated 100 MHz of electromagnetic spectrum in the 2. 3 – 2. 4 GHz band, and in late 2004 WiBro Phase 1 was standardized by the TTA of Korea and in late 2005 ITU reflected WiBro as IEEE 802. 16e ( mobile WiMAX ).

*" For Love of a Gun ," the history, technologies of electromagnetic guns, IEEE Spectrum, July, 2007, pp. 40 ­ 46.

* C .- T. Tai, " Complementary reciprocity theorems in electromagnetic theory ," IEEE Trans.

** Chirp spread spectrum ( CSS ) according to IEEE 802. 15. 4a CSS uses pseudo-stochastic coding

In August 2007, IEEE 802. 15. 4a was released expanding the four PHYs available in the earlier 2006 version to six, including one PHY using Direct Sequence ultra-wideband ( UWB ) and another using chirp spread spectrum ( CSS ).

* IEEE Spectrum Reflections Columns by Robert Lucky ( http :// www. boblucky. com / spectrum )

IEEE 802. 22, known informally as Super Wi-Fi, is a standard for Wireless Regional Area Network ( WRAN ) using white spaces in the TV frequency spectrum.

The development of the IEEE 802. 22 WRAN standard is aimed at using cognitive radio ( CR ) techniques to allow sharing of geographically unused spectrum allocated to the Television Broadcast Service, on a non-interfering basis, to bring broadband access to hard-to-reach, low population density areas, typical of rural environments, and is therefore timely and has the potential for a wide applicability worldwide.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ), together with the FCC, pursued a centralized approach for available spectrum discovery.

Other measures suggested by the FCC and IEEE to avoid interference include dynamic spectrum sensing and dynamic power control.

This issue is addressed by an alternative operation mode proposed in IEEE 802. 22 called Dynamic frequency hopping ( DFH ) where data transmission of the WRAN systems are performed in parallel with spectrum sensing without any interruption.

* Lin, J. C., 1980, “ The microwave auditory phenomenon ,“ Proceedings of the IEEE, 68: 67 – 73.

* WiMAX ( IEEE 802. 16e standard for microwave communications )

* IEEE Judith A. Resnik Award ( 2004 ), " for significant contributions to the development and application of spaceborne microwave radiometry to remote sensing ".

At retirement after 30 years of cooperation with the company, he was the Associate Director of Research for Motorola's Government Electronics Division, had 30 patents related to VHF and microwave communications, was an IEEE Fellow and author of numerous technical papers and a chapter in the " Communication System Engineering Handbook ".

The initial version of VHDL, designed to IEEE standard 1076-1987, included a wide range of data types, including numerical ( integer and real ), logical ( bit and boolean ), character and time, plus arrays of < tt > bit </ tt > called < tt > bit_vector </ tt > and of < tt > character </ tt > called string.

IEEE standards affect a wide range of industries including: power and energy, biomedical and healthcare, Information Technology ( IT ), telecommunications, transportation, nanotechnology, information assurance, and many more.

Longer range communications have been proposed using infrastructure networks such as WiMAX ( IEEE 802. 16 ), Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ), or 3G.

One IEEE 802. 11 WAP can typically communicate with 30 client systems located within a radius of 103 m. However, the actual range of communication can vary significantly, depending on such variables as indoor or outdoor placement, height above ground, nearby obstructions, other electronic devices that might actively interfere with the signal by broadcasting on the same frequency, type of antenna, the current weather, operating radio frequency, and the power output of devices.

Originally designed for short range mobile internet and local area network access, IEEE 802. 11 has emerged as the de facto standard for unlicensed Wireless Local Loop.

** IEEE 802. 11, originally designed for short range mobile internet and network access service, it has emerged as the facto standard for Wireless Local Loop.

Frequencies in the SHF range are often referred to by their IEEE radar band designations: S, C, X, K < sub > u </ sub >, K, or K < sub > a </ sub > band, or by similar NATO or EU designations.

Since the base is 16, the exponent in this form is about twice as large as the equivalent in IEEE 754, in order to have similar exponent range in binary, 9 exponent bits would be required.

Note that the exponent range for this format is only about a quarter as large as the corresponding IEEE binary format.

It is defined by an IEEE standard for radio waves with frequencies that range from 2 to 4 GHz, crossing the conventional boundary between UHF and SHF at 3. 0 GHz.

IEEE 802. 16a and 802. 16e standards utilize a part of the frequency range of S band, under WiMAX standards most vendors are now manufacturing equipment in the range of 3. 5 GHz.

In radar engineering, the frequency range is specified by the IEEE at 8. 0 to 12. 0 GHz.

Other short range wireless protocols are IEEE 802. 11, Bluetooth and CALM.

* AirPort, a product range and implementation of the IEEE 802. 11 (" Wi-Fi ") protocol by Apple Inc.

The theoretical maximum range of IEEE 802. 11 is only reached under ideal circumstances and true effective range is typically about half of the theoretical range.

VESIT also subscribes to a range of digital information, including access to IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, etc.

The particular multicast address used is selected from a range of address which have been reserved by the IEEE 802. 1D standard which specifies the operation of switches used for bridging.