The Icelandic Commonwealth was established in 930 AD by refugees from Norway who had fled the unification of that country under King Harald Fairhair.

Contrary to most states, the Icelandic Commonwealth had no official leader.

The book calls for the abolition or privatization of all government functions, details suggestions for many specific instances of privatization, explores the consequences of libertarian thought, examples of libertarian society ( such as the Icelandic Commonwealth ), and offers the author's personal statement about why he became a libertarian.

* With the establishment of the Althing, now one of the world's oldest parliaments, the Icelandic Commonwealth is founded.

* 1263 – The chieftains of the eastern part of Iceland become the last to pledge fealty to the Norwegian king, bringing a more complete end to the Icelandic Commonwealth and the Icelandic civil war.

* 1262 – The Icelandic Commonwealth enters into a treaty establishing a union with Norway and acknowledges Norwegian King Haakon IV as its ruler.

* The Icelandic Commonwealth enters into a treaty establishing a union with Norway and acknowledges Norwegian King Haakon IV as its ruler.

* The chieftains of the eastern part of Iceland become the last to pledge fealty to the Norwegian king, bringing a more complete end to the Icelandic Commonwealth and the Icelandic civil war.

It claimed continuity with the Althing of the Icelandic Commonwealth, which had remained for centuries as a judicial body and been abolished in 1800.

The post of sheriff was mandated by the Old Covenant, an agreement between the Icelandic Commonwealth and the Kingdom of Norway.

The saga deals with the process of blood feuds in the Icelandic Commonwealth, showing how the requirements of honor could lead to minor slights spiralling into destructive and prolonged bloodshed.

The saga shows how even worthy people can destroy themselves by disputes and demonstrates the tensions in the Icelandic Commonwealth which eventually led to its destruction.

The Icelandic Commonwealth, Icelandic Free State, or Republic of Iceland () was the state existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king with the Old Covenant in 1262.

" In 1117 the law code of the Icelandic Commonwealth was put into writing, becoming known as the Gray Goose Laws.

This effectively brought the era of the Icelandic Commonwealth to an end.

Anarchist historians and philosophers have looked to the Icelandic Commonwealth with interest since the 19th century.

* A rebuttal by the authors of An Anarchist FAQ to the claim that the Icelandic Commonwealth was anarcho-capitalist.

Þingvellir played a central role in the history of the country, and its history runs almost parallel with the history of the Icelandic Commonwealth.

# REDIRECT Icelandic Commonwealth

Icelandic Nationalism or Þjóðernishyggja or Föðurlandsást is based upon the idea of resurrection of the Icelandic Free State, and its values ( or what was believed to be its values ): democracy, freedom of the individual, the need for the country to be independent, and respect for the cultural and religious traditions, specially the long preserved language.

Icelanders see their current republic to be the reincarnation of the old Free state, and thus is Icelandic Nationalism today based upon preserving what was gained by the independence movement.

Like Kjölur and Kaldidalur, Sprengisandur is an ancient pass-during the time of Icelandic Free State ( ca.

The Frjáls Þjóð ( Icelandic for ' Free Nation ') was a weekly newspaper published in Reykjavík, Iceland from 1952 to 1967.

Ásatrúarfélagið cooperates on issues of common concern with other Icelandic religious organizations, in particular the Reykjavík Free Church.

Cavalier Air Force Station and Icelandic State Park are both located in Pembina County.

Icelandic State Park, located in Akra, was established to preserve evidence of this early pioneer heritage.

The law is entitled " The Law of the National Flag of Icelanders and the State Arms " and describes the Icelandic flag as follows:

Landvarnarflokkurinn was an Icelandic political movement which operated from 1902 to 1912, founded because of discontentedness with a clause in the Icelandic constitution that stated that the Icelandic minister should bring up cases in the Danish Council of State.

* Thingvalla Township in the U. S. State of North Dakota, home to one of that state's earliest Icelandic settlements, was named in honor of Þingvellir .< ref name = thingvalla >

The Tongue River in Icelandic State Park

Upstream of Cavalier, the river passes through Icelandic State Park, where Renwick Dam causes it to form Lake Renwick.

* Icelandic State Park website

Vínbúð (, wine shop ) is a chain of 46 stores run by the Icelandic alcohol and tobacco monopoly ÁTVR, locally called ríkið (, the State ).

It was entitled The Fish Stocks in the Icelandic Waters: The Property of the Nation or of the State?

# REDIRECT Icelandic State Park

The Norse discovery was documented in the 13th century Icelandic Sagas and was corroborated by recent L ' Anse aux Meadows archeological evidence.

His son Snorri Thorfinnsson was the first American born ( somewhere between 1010 and 1013 ) to European ( Icelandic ) immigrant parents.

Its purpose was to enable Icelandic poets and readers to understand the subtleties of alliterative verse, and to grasp the mythological allusions behind the many kennings that were used in skaldic poetry.

It was written by the Icelandic scholar and historian Snorri Sturluson around 1220.

A specimen was bought in 1971 by the Icelandic Museum of National History for the sum of £ 9000, which placed it in the Guinness Book of Records as the most expensive stuffed bird ever sold.

A competing theory is that the game was introduced by the Icelandic immigrants adapting the Icelandic game Knattleikr.

The word was adopted into English in the nineteenth century from medieval Icelandic treatises on poetics, in particular the Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson, and derives ultimately from the Old Norse verb kenna “ know, recognise ; perceive, feel ; show ; teach ; etc .”, as used in the expression kenna við “ to name after ; to express thing in terms of ”, “ name after ; refer to in terms of ”, and kenna til “ qualify by, make into a kenning by adding ”.

According to Norse mythology as contained in the thirteenth-century Icelandic work Prose Edda, the lake was created by the goddess Gefjon when she tricked Gylfi, the Swedish king of Gylfaginning.

Old Icelandic was essentially identical to Old Norwegian, and together they formed the Old West Norse dialect of Old Norse, which was also spoken in settlements in Ireland, Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Norwegian settlements in Normandy.

Old English had a grammar similar in many ways to Classical Latin, and was much closer to modern German and Icelandic than modern English in most respects, including its grammar.

It is possible that the Latin word was loaned into Old English, and only from Old English reached other Germanic languages via the Anglo-Saxon mission to the continent, giving Old Icelandic prestr, Old Swedish präster, Old High German priast.

According to Icelandic folklore, the horseshoe shaped canyon Ásbyrgi located in Jökulsárgljúfur National Park, northern Iceland was formed by Sleipnir's hoof.

In the late Icelandic Eddas, Tyr is portrayed, alternately, as the son of Odin ( Prose Edda ) or of Hymir ( Poetic Edda ), while the origins of his name and his possible relationship to Tuisto ( see Tacitus ' Germania ) suggest he was once considered the father of the gods and head of the pantheon, since his name is ultimately cognate to that of * Dyeus ( cf.

The rune was also compared with Mars as in the Icelandic rune poem:

A story told by the thirteenth-century Icelandic mythographer Snorri Sturluson in his Prose Edda about the origin of Lake Mälaren was probably originally about Lake Vänern: the Swedish king Gylfi promised a woman, Gefjun, as much land as four oxen could plough in a day and a night, but she used oxen from the land of the giants, and moreover uprooted the land and dragged it into the sea, where it became the island of Zealand.

During the later half of the 18th century the Icelandic Sagas were still used as important historical sources, but the Viking Age was regarded as a barbaric and uncivilised period in the history of the Nordic countries.

Until recently the history of the Viking Age was largely based on Icelandic Sagas, the history of the Danes written by Saxo Grammaticus, the Russian Primary Chronicle and The War of the Irish with the Foreigners.

When these were analyzed and compared with samples from jasper sources around the north Atlantic area, it was found that two buildings contained only Icelandic jasper pieces, while another contained some from Greenland ; also a single piece from the east coast of Newfoundland was found.