At the foot of Mount Chimborazo, near the modern city of Riobamba ( Ecuador ) he met and defeated the forces of the great Inca warrior Rumiñahui with the aid of Cañari tribesmen who served as guides and allies to the conquering Spaniards.

The plan was to persuade Atahualpa to submit to the authority of the Spaniards and, if this failed, there were two options: a surprise attack if success seemed possible or to keep a friendly stance if the Inca forces appeared too powerful.

After Inca emperor Atahualpa was captured in the Battle of Cajamarca and later executed on July 26, 1533, the Pizarro brothers and their followers marched towards the Inca capital of Cuzco to complete the conquest, capturing the city on November 15 after a brief battle with the Inca forces under Quizquiz holding it after previously defeating the central government and massacring the nobility of Cuzco.

Contemporary accounts by members of Pizarro's force explain how the Spanish forces used a cavalry charge against the Inca forces, who had never seen horses, in combination with gunfire from cover ( the Inca forces also had never encountered guns before ).

Other factors in the Spaniard's favor were their steel swords, helmets and armor, against the Inca forces which only had leather armor and crude armament.

The first target of the Spanish attack was the Inca Emperor and his top commanders ; once these had been killed or captured the Inca forces were disorganized as the command structure of the army had been effectively decapitated.

At the foot of Mount Chimborazo, near the modern city of Riobamba ( Ecuador ) he met and defeated the forces of the great Inca warrior Rumiñahui with the aid of Cañari tribesmen who served as guides and allies to the conquering Spaniards.

From 1536 – 1537, Manco split his forces, adopting a strategy to drive the Spanish invaders out of Peru with an army of 30, 000 Inca warriors and attacked the fort of Lima, where Francisco Pizarro was residing.

The defeat of the Inca Empire | Incas by Spanish forces at the battle of Cajamarca, 16 November 1532.

Contemporary accounts by members of Pizarro's force explain how the Spanish forces used a cavalry charge against the Incan forces, who had never seen horses, in combination with gunfire from cover ( the Incan forces also had never encountered firearms before ) combined with the ringing of bells to frighten the Inca.

Although the Inca roads varied greatly in scale, construction, and appearance, for the most part they varied between about in width.

Using these administrative centers, the Wari greatly influenced the surrounding countryside, creating new fields with terraced field technology and investing in a major road network — both of which were used by the Inca when they began to expand their empire several centuries later.

Because of the greatly varying cultures and geography, many areas of the empire were left under local leaders, who were watched and monitored by Inca officials.

Pizarro and his men were greatly aided in their enterprise by the fact that they arrived when the Inca Empire was in the midst of a war of succession between princes Huáscar and Atahualpa.

Hernán Cortés eventually conquered Mexico and the Tlaxcala in 1519-1521, while the conquest of the Inca was carried out by some 40, 000 Incan renegades led by Francisco Pizarro in between 1532 and 1535.

An enthusiastic Alejandro Toledo walked out onto the balcony of his room wearing a red headband, reminiscent of ancient Inca warriors.

Their main point of attack was the fact that Inca Kola was no longer a Peruvian company, having sold out to a foreign company, and therefore not deserving of their money.

During 2004, Corporación José R. Lindley S. A. started talks to buy out Embotelladora Latinoamericana S. A., a bottling business that had been bottling Inca Kola since 1973.

The Inca found no Spaniards in the plaza, as they were all inside the buildings ; the only one to come out was the Dominican friar Vicente de Valverde with an interpreter.

At that moment, Pizarro gave the signal ; the Spanish infantry and cavalry came out of their hiding places and charged the unsuspecting Inca retinue, killing a great number while the rest fled in panic.

He set out for the Peruvian interior on 1852, heading across the Andes towards his goal, the ancient Inca city of Cuzco.

Its twin, the SEAT Inca, was quickly phased out when the SEAT marque was re-aligned as the " sporty " branch of the Volkswagen Group.

The work, while supervised by Inca architects, was largely carried out by groups of individuals fulfilling their labor obligations to the state.

The natives of Puna were a warrior people who, reluctantly bowing before the might of the Inca Empire, had intermittently accepted the status of tributary state, though periods of friction and even open warfare had frequently erupted with the Incas out on the mainland.

When civil war broke out within the Inca empire, the Chachapoyas were located on middle ground between the northern capital at Quito, ruled by the Inca Atahualpa, and the southern capital at Cuzco, ruled by Atahualpa's brother Huáscar.

Inca buildings to the north of the plaza were built out of unworked fieldstones while those to the west and to the south were made with cut and fitted stones.

The building was turned into a fortress and from its adobe walls Pizarro and his mistress ( she was the sister of the Inca Atahualpa whom Pizarro had strangled ) could look out of their window to see the bald peak of San Cristóbal ( Saint Christopher ) which frowns over the city, covered with shouting Indians.

In this 2-D adventure, the player is asked to set out on a journey down the Amazon, hoping to make it to the lost Inca village of Vilcabamba.

W. Von Hagen, page-80, .... These master architects figured out the distances that the < big > Chasqui </ big > couriers would run andwhere their platforms would setup .....</ ref > royal delicacies such as fish and other objects throughout the Inca Empire, principally in the service of the Sapa Inca.

He was attempting to break the siege of Cuzco by leading an army out of the palace and attacking the Inca fortress.

Scholars estimate that the population of the Inca Empire probably numbered over 16, 000, 000.

One of the few Inca sites the Spanish never found in their conquest was Machu Picchu, which lay hidden on a peak on the eastern edge of the Andes where they descend to the Amazon.

In Peru and Rio de la Plata many powerful figures proposed an American Monarchy such as those who wanted an independent Peruvian king of the still alive Inca Royal House, and those who requested a Prince of the Spanish house of Bourbon to come and rule directly in Lima, Mexico City or Bogota, as the Portuguese House of Orleans-Braganza had done in Rio de Janeiro.

Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern and central Chile was under Inca rule while independent Mapuche inhabited south-central Chile.

The Inca warrior had ordered the city to be burned and its gold to be buried at an undisclosed location where the Spanish could never find it.

Almagro had also asked for a high-ranking official from the Inca empire to prepare a route along with three of his most trusted Spanish soldiers.

Meanwhile, Francisco Pizarro's brother, Juan Pizarro, had arrested Inca Manco Inca Yupanqui, further complicating Almagro's plans as it heavily increased the dissatisfaction of the Indians submitted to Spanish rule.

In the previous year, the Inca Manco had briefly recaptured the royal city and weakened the Spanish hold in the Sacred Valley.

Hoping to enlist the help of the Inca, Almagro offered Manco Inca a pardon on behalf of the Spanish government.

As the Inca Civil War raged, in 1531 the Spanish landed in Ecuador.

Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, conquered the Inca for Spain, killed Emperor Atahualpa, and installed puppets as well.

* 1532 – Commanded by Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors under Hernando de Soto meet Inca leader Atahualpa for the first time outside Cajamarca, arranging a meeting on the city plaza the following day

Damage to the walls visible today was mainly inflicted during battles between the Spanish and the Inca, as well as later, in the colonial era.

The name sol comes from the Latin solidus, and is also the Spanish word for " sun ", which the ancient Inca civilization worshiped as the god Inti.

Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spanish introduced the potato to Europe in the second half of the 16th century.

* Manco II is appointed puppet Inca Emperor by Spanish Conquistadors.

* May – Manco Inca Yupanqui leads a revolt against the Spanish, and then leads his people to Machu Picchu, deep in the Valcahambra range of the Andes.

The Kon-Tiki expedition was inspired by old reports and drawings made by the Spanish Conquistadors of Inca rafts, and by native legends and archaeological evidence suggesting contact between South America and Polynesia.

Much of our knowledge of Inca population transfers comes from their description by the Spanish chroniclers Pedro Cieza de León and Bernabé Cobo.