European ancestors also include Spanish and Italian seamen who were granted land by the Portuguese Empire, followed by Portuguese settlers, exiles, and Portuguese Jews who were victims of the Inquisition.

He also acknowledges that cultural imperialism in the past has been guilty of forcefully eliminating the cultures of natives in the Americas and in Africa, or through use of the Inquisition, " and during the expansion of virtually every empire.

The Spanish manuscript also contains a preface by one assuming the pseudonym ' Fra Marino ', claiming to have stolen a copy of the Italian version from the library of Pope Sixtus V. Fra Marino reports that, having a post in the Inquisition Court, he had come into possession of several works, which led him to believe that the Biblical text had been corrupted, and that genuine apostolic texts had been improperly excluded.

Inquisition practices were used also on offences against canon law other than heresy.

However, since Servetus was also condemned and wanted by the Inquisition, outside pressure from all over Europe forced the trial to continue.

The Templars were also known to possess the head of Saint Euphemia of Chalcedon, and the subject of relics came up during the Inquisition of the Templars, as several trial documents refer to the worship of an idol of some type, referred to in some cases as a cat, a bearded head, or in some cases as Baphomet.

At the very end of the show, in " Court Charades ", the Inquisitors are caught by surprise when a defendant ( who is also a judge from another court ) in session at the Old Bailey says: " Blimey, I didn't expect the Spanish Inquisition!

Palin also initiated the " Spanish Inquisition sketch ", which included the catchphrase " Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!

* 1252 – Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull ad extirpanda, which authorizes, but also limits, the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition.

They were also attacked in Germany, the first attempt of the Inquisition to operate in the area.

The rehabilitation of Joan of Arc was also unprecedented in the previous history of the Inquisition, reflecting a clear signal in the decline of the medieval Inquisition in France.

The Nijmegen Statement said: " Any form of Inquisition however subtle, not only harms the development of sound theology, it also causes irreparable damage to the credibility of the church ".

He is also remembered for issuing the papal bull Ad extirpanda, which authorized the use of torture by the Inquisition for eliciting confessions from heretics.

Sixtus also furthered the agenda of the Spanish Inquisition and annulled the decrees of the Council of Constance.

The tribunals of the Roman Inquisition covered most of the Italian peninsula as well as Malta and also existed in isolated pockets of papal jurisdiction in other parts of Europe, including Avignon in France.

The Spanish sent viceroys to Naples to directly deal with local issues: the most important of which was Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, who was responsible for considerable social, economic and urban progress in the city ; he also supported the Inquisition.

The Inquisition also attacked heretics who rejected Roman Catholic orthodoxy, including alumbras, who practiced a personal mysticism or spiritualism.

Many Ashkenazi Jews in fact also have mixed Sephardic origins, as a result of exiles from Spain, first during Islamic persecutions ( 11th-12th centuries ) and later Christian conquests ( 13th-15th centuries ) and Spanish Inquisition ( 15th-16th centuries ).

Had it not been for this royal appointment, which enabled Velázquez to escape the censorship of the Inquisition, he would not have been able to release his La Venus del espejo ( c. 1644 – 1648, English: Venus at her Mirror ) also known as The Rokeby Venus.

The Albigensian Crusade also had a role in the creation and institutionalization of both the Dominican Order and the Medieval Inquisition.

During the period of Colonial Conquest, Portugal also established the Inquisition in the part of India, that was part of Portuguese Empire.

The Inquisition also arrested and killed many prominent teachers and censured new ideas like Erasmism.

Generally, the Inquisition movement was concerned only with the heretical behaviour of Catholic adherents or converts, and did not concern itself with those outside its jurisdiction, such as Jews or Muslims.

In this book the hapless protagonists are ensnared in a web of deceit by a malignant monk called Schedoni and eventually dragged before the tribunals of the Inquisition in Rome, leading one contemporary to remark that if Radcliffe wished to transcend the horror of these scenes she would have to visit hell itself.

This episode is itself entitled " The Spanish Inquisition ".

* In the Not The Nine O ' Clock News sketch on the new film The Life of Christ ( itself a reference to Python's 1979 Life of Brian ), the Bishop ( Rowan Atkinson ) who is being harangued for this parody of Pythonism professes himself surprised at the furor, saying: " Well, I didn't expect the Spanish Inquisition.

It is not clear if the process against the Templars was initiated by the Inquisition on the basis of suspected heresy or if the Inquisition itself was exploited by the king of France, Philip the Fair, who wanted the knights ' wealth.

A possible explanation of this shift is that, after the successful extirpation of the Cathars, the Inquisition needed new heresies to fight against and new revenues to sustain itself.

The Inquisition endured longer in the colonies than it had in Spain itself.

The Inquisition, which had been instituted in order to suppress the heresy of the Albigenses, finally occupied itself with the Jews of southern France who converted to Christianity.

When the Inquisition was brought to the New World, it was employed for many of the same reasons and against the same social groups as suffered in Europe itself, minus the Indians to a large extent.

For contingent reasons having to do with the Inquisition, Descartes spoke of motion as both absolute and relative.

The Christian censorship of the Jewish Talmud in the aftermath of the Disputation of Barcelona and during the Spanish Inquisition and Roman Inquisition, let the term spread within the Jewish classical texts, since the church censors replaced terms like Minim (" sectarians ", coined on the Christians ) with the term Epikorsim or Epicursim, meaning heretics, since the church had heavily persecuted heretics at that time.

In The New Inquisition, Robert Anton Wilson, recognized episkopos, pope, and saint of the parody religion Discordianism, lampoons the members of skeptical organizations like the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal ( CSICOP — now the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry ) as fundamentalist materialists, alleging that they dogmatically dismiss any evidence that conflicts with materialism as hallucination or fraud.

In the late 16th century many anti-Trinitarians, persecuted both by Calvinists and by the Inquisition, sought refuge in Transylvania, then under Turkish overlordship and with close links to Istanbul.

During the Middle Ages, Muslims were in conflict with Zoroastrians during the Islamic conquest of Persia ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, Crusades, Reconquista and Ottoman wars in Europe ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Crusades, Reconquista and Inquisition ; Shamans were in conflict with Buddhists, Taoists, Muslims and Christians during the Mongol invasions ; and Muslims were in conflict with Hindus and Sikhs during Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent.

Ximénez shouts, with a particular and high-pitched emphasis on the first syllable: " Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!

The straight man delivers the cue line again, and the Inquisition bursts back in ( complete with jarring chord ), and the introduction is tried again.

Later in that episode during the " Police Constable Pan Am Sketch ", the policeman tells a chemist " one more peep out of you and I'll do you for heresy ", with the chemist ( played by Palin ) responding that he " didn't expect the Spanish Inquisition "; except that instead of the Spanish Inquisition arriving, PC Pan Am ( played by Graham Chapman ) simply tells the chemist to shut up.

* In the video game Civilization V: Gods & Kings, there are two Steam achievements: " Nobody expects ..." with the description " As Spain, use an Inquisitor to remove another Religion ", and the more explicit " Nobody Expects the Spanish Inquisition " whose description is " Beat the game on any difficultly setting as Isabella ".

The Medieval Inquisition is a series of Inquisitions ( Catholic Church bodies charged with suppressing heresy ) from around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition ( 1184-1230s ) and later the Papal Inquisition ( 1230s ).

In fact several Popes were suspected of having a strong interest or practicing alchemy and it was only with Pope John XXII, who was himself suspected of being a magician, that sorcery became another form of heresy and thus liable of persecution by the Inquisition.

Earlier, the guilds of writers had denounced the printing press as " the Devil's Invention ", and were responsible for a 53-year lag between its invention by Johannes Gutenberg in Europe in c. 1440 and its introduction to the Ottoman society with the first Gutenberg press in Istanbul that was established by the Sephardic Jews of Spain in 1493 ( who had migrated to the Ottoman Empire a year earlier, escaping from the Spanish Inquisition of 1492.

Alexander's pontificate was signaled by efforts to reunite the Eastern Orthodox churches with the Catholic Church, by the establishment of the Inquisition in France, by favours shown to the mendicant orders, and by an attempt to organize a crusade against the Tatars after the second raid against Poland in 1259.

In 1231, he established the Papal Inquisition to deal with it, although he did not approve the use of torture as a tool of investigation or for penance.

Nevertheless, Sixtus IV quarrelled over protocol and prerogatives of jurisdiction, was unhappy with the excesses of the Inquisition and condemned the most flagrant abuses in 1482.