* 1933 – The Simele massacre: The Iraqi government slaughters over 3, 000 Assyrians in the village of Simele.

A Rolls-Royce Armoured Car # Variants | Fordson armoured car waits outside Baghdad while negotiations for an armistice take place between British officials and representatives of the Iraqi rebel government.

The delegation was denied access to the camp by Iraqi government, citing their sovereignty.

The conflict is often compared to World War I, in that the tactics used closely mirrored those of that conflict, including large scale trench warfare, manned machine-gun posts, bayonet charges, use of barbed wire across trenches, human wave attacks across no-man's land, and extensive use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas by the Iraqi government against Iranian troops and civilians as well as Iraqi Kurds.

In the aftermath, the government intensified the forced relocating of Marsh Arabs and the draining of the Iraqi marshlands, while the Allies established the Iraqi no-fly zones.

The Iraqi government rejected Bush's assertions.

The aims of these attacks were not completely clear, but it was argued in 2006 / 7 that these attacks were aimed at fomenting civil conflict within Iraq to destroy the legitimacy of the newly created collaborationist Iraqi government ( which many of its nationalist critics saw as illegitimate and a product of the U. S. government ) and create an unsustainable position for the U. S. forces within Iraq.

Shia terror organizations associated with the American occupation forces within Iraq gained increasing power and influence in the collaborationist Iraqi government.

Most geographers, including those of the Iraqi government, discuss the country's geography in terms of four main zones or regions: the desert in the west and southwest ; the rolling upland between the upper Tigris and Euphrates rivers ( in Arabic the Dijlis and Furat, respectively ); the highlands in the north and northeast ; and the alluvial plain through which the Tigris and Euphrates flow.

The boundary was accepted by Iraq when it became independent in 1932, but in the 1960s and again in the mid-1970s, the Iraqi government advanced a claim to parts of Kuwait.

Although government policies supporting large military and internal security forces and allocating resources to key supporters of the Ba ' ath Party government hurt the economy, implementation of the United Nations ' corruption-plagued oil-for-food program in December 1996 was to have improved conditions for the average Iraqi citizen.

The results of the tender, which was broadcast live on Iraqi television, are as follows for all major fields awarded but excluding the Kurdish controlled areas where Production Sharing Contracts have been awarded which are currently being disputed by the Baghdad government.

All contracts are awaiting final ratification of the awards by the Iraqi government.

In June 1982, Saddam Hussein ordered most of the Iraqi units to withdraw from Iranian territory ; after that time, the Baathist government tried to obtain a cease-fire based on a return of all armed personnel to the international borders that prevailed as of September 21, 1979.

One elements of Riyadh's containment policy included support for Iraqi opposition forces that advocated the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's government.

In June 2008, the Iraqi government announced that the United Arab Emirates would send an ambassador to Baghdad within a few days.

The conflict has been compared to World War I in terms of the tactics used, including large scale trench warfare with barbed wire stretched across trenches, manned machine-gun posts, bayonet charges, human wave attacks across a no-man's land, and extensive use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas by the Iraqi government against Iranian troops, civilians, and Iraqi Kurds.

In August 2011, Jordanian government approved the construction of the railway from Aqaba to the Iraqi border ( near Trebil ).

He resigned as Co-Chairman of Freedom Works in March 2005 after the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) questioned his ties to Samir Vincent, a Northern Virginia oil trader implicated in the U. N. Oil-for-food scandal who pled guilty to four criminal charges, including illegally acting as an unregistered lobbyist of the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein.

Although the Iraqi government, which had first asserted a claim to rule Kuwait in 1938, recognized the borders with Kuwait in 1963 ( based on agreements made earlier in the century ), it continued to press Kuwait for control over Bubiyan and Warbah islands through the 1960s and 1970s.

( This was after the tail gunner of the B-52 had targeted the F-4G, mistaking it for an Iraqi MiG.

Also, in early 1988, the marshes had become the refuge of deserters from the Iraqi army who attempted to maintain life in the fastness of the overgrown, desolate areas while hiding out from the authorities.

During the regime of Saddam Hussein, the leader of the Ba ' ath Party had strong relations with Bachir, and Amine Gemayel ; relations grew even stronger when Iraqi officials verbally lashed out against Israel's actions in the 2006 War.

This war had begun in September 1980, when Saddam Hussein sent Iraqi forces across the Shatt al Arab into southwestern Iran.

The alignment with these countries was accompanied by a more moderate Iraqi approach to other Arab countries, such as Egypt and Jordan, which previously Iraq had perceived as hostile.

In the past, backing for such groups had been discreet, but in early 1992 the Saudis invited several Iraqi opposition leaders to Riyadh to attend a well-publicised conference.

" The September 2002 version of Iraqi Support for Terrorism stated that al-Libi said Iraq had " provided " chemical and biological weapons training for two al-Qaeda associates in 2000, but also stated that al-Libi " did not know the results of the training.

When Kuwait became independent in 1961, Iraq claimed Kuwait, under the rationale that Kuwait had been part of the Ottoman Empire subject to Iraqi suzerainty.

In 1963, after Iraqi prime minister Abd al-Karim Qasim had been killed in a coup, Iraq reaffirmed its acceptance of Kuwaiti sovereignty and the boundary it had agreed to in 1913 and 1932, in the " Agreed Minutes between the State of Kuwait and the Republic of Iraq Regarding the Restoration of Friendly Relations, Recognition, and Related Matters.

Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's primary justifications included a charge that Kuwaiti territory was in fact an Iraqi province, and that annexation was retaliation for " economic warfare " Kuwait had waged through slant drilling into Iraq's oil supplies.

The Saudi – Iraqi neutral zone was an area of 7, 044 km² on the border between Saudi Arabia and Iraq within which the border between the two countries had not been settled.

The Saudi – Iraqi neutral zone formerly had the ISO 3166-1 codes < tt > NT </ tt > and < tt > NTZ </ tt >.

Saddam had always argued that Kuwait was historically an integral part of Iraq, and that Kuwait had only come into being through the maneuverings of British imperialism ; this echoed a belief that Iraqi nationalists had voiced for the past 50 years.

In 2005 an Austrian journalist revealed that Fritz Edlinger's GÖAB had received $ 100, 000 from an Iraqi front company as well as donations from Austrian companies soliciting business in Iraq.

The resistance of the much-weakened Iraqi Army either crumbled or shifted to guerrilla tactics, and it appeared that Saddam had lost control of Iraq.

When inspectors arrive on July 28 and 29, they found nothing and voice suspicions that Iraqi records had been removed.

Subsequent inspection on MABOT showed that the Iraqi forces had not primed their explosives having been unwilling to destroy the facility.

The SEALs employed DPVs into blocking positions to defend against counter-attack and roving bands of Iranian bandits that had been crossing the border and raiding Iraqi towns.

Although the population exchange of the Arabs of Palestine with Jews from across the Arab world took place around the period of the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the idea of the transfer of Arabs from Palestine, usually to Iraq ( where there was a sizable Iraqi Jewish population ), had been considered about half a century beforehand.

The first Iraqi Republic Railways train to Basra since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime arrived on 26 April 2003.

The M16A4 rifle was standard issue for the United States Marine Corps in Operation Iraqi Freedom since 2004 ; it replaced the M16A2 in front line units.

U. S. officials feared Iraqi retaliation against oil-rich Saudi Arabia, since the 1940s a close ally of Washington, for the Saudis ' opposition to the invasion of Kuwait.

The attack was the deadliest against a U. S. Naval vessel since the Iraqi attack on the USS Stark on May 17, 1987.

Because of the reduction in usage and capability of the land line infrastructure since 2004, all Iraqi ISPs use wireless technology to provide Internet service to their customers.

* Kurds in the north, organizing Iraqi Kurdistan since 1991

However, since 1994 the parties engaged into a three year conflict, known as the Kurdish Iraqi Civil War.

While Syria and Iraq returned their ambassadors to Baghdad and Damascus, respectively, in the autumn of 2010, Syrian and Iraqi security cooperation has been largely inactive since Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki in August 2009 accused Baathists harbored by Syria of fomenting terrorism in Iraq.

More Iraqi refugees have come, fleeing the continued war in their country since 2003.

Control of the waterway and its use as a border was a source of contention between Iran and the predecessor of the Iraqi state since a peace treaty signed in 1639 between the Persian and the Ottoman empires, which divided the territory according to tribal customs and loyalties, without attempting a rigorous land survey.

Two weeks later, the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center reported that eight of 69 Iraqi prisoners of war whose blood was tested showed a current immunity to smallpox, which had not occurred naturally in Iraq since 1971 ; the same prisoners had also been inoculated for anthrax.

Iraqi forces were battle-hardened after 8 years of war with Iran, and they were well-equipped with late model Soviet tanks and jet fighters, but the antiaircraft weapons were crippled ; in comparison, the US had no large-scale combat experience since its withdrawal from Vietnam nearly 20 years earlier, and major changes in US doctrine, equipment and technology since then had never been tested under fire.

In October 2008, Turkish Airlines launched nonstop service to Baghdad from Istanbul Atatürk International Airport with three weekly flights, thus becoming the first airline to resume service from Europe to the Iraqi capital since UN sanctions were imposed after the 1990 invasion of Kuwait.

Iraq remains a member of OPEC, but Iraqi production has not been a part of any OPEC quota agreements since March 1998.

Some important cultural institutions in the capital include the Iraqi National Orchestra – rehearsals and performances were briefly interrupted during the Occupation of Iraq, but have since returned to normal, the National Theatre of Iraq – the theatre was looted during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, but efforts are underway to restore the theatre.

Iraqi Airways operated the first domestic commercial scheduled service since the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime from Baghdad to Basra, with 100 passengers in a Boeing 727-200, on 4 June 2005.

* On 22 June 2009, it was revealed that Iraqi Airways had struck a deal with British aviation authorities to resume direct Baghdad-London ( Gatwick ) flights ; the flights were supposed to begin on 8 August 2009 using a Boeing 737-400 leased from Tor Air and should eventually get the Airbus A320-232 operating the route ; this has failed to happen and there has been no news since.

Germany is now the second European country, after Greece ( now suspended ) and Sweden served by Iraqi Airways since the Iraq war.

However, since the recent decade, official TV in Iraqi Kurdistan uses mostly the Latin script for Sorani.

* Iraqi National Intelligence Service ( INIS ) since 2004

Although the Iraqi government claimed to have caught and executed the supposed killers, there was evidence that Saddam's regime carried out the assassination, especially since it occurred in a country with very tight security and surveillance.

Partial autonomy was reached by Kurdistan Uyezd ( 1923 – 1926 ) and by Iraqi Kurdistan ( since 1991 ), while notably in Turkish Kurdistan, an armed conflict between the PKK and Turkish Armed Forces was ongoing 1984 to 1999, and the region continues to be unstable with renewed flaring up of violence in the 2000s.