In metaphysics, Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical and theological thinking in the Islamic and Jewish traditions in the Middle Ages, and it continues to influence Christian theology, especially the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church.

Benjamin () was the last-born of Jacob's twelve sons, and the second and last son of Rachel in Jewish, Christian and Islamic tradition.

An astronomical calendar is based on ongoing observation ; examples are the religious Islamic calendar and the old religious Jewish calendar in the time of the Second Temple.

Religious food laws, such as Islamic dietary laws and Jewish dietary laws, can also exercise a strong influence on cuisine.

Jewish synagogues and most Islamic mosques in the U. S. operate under congregational government, with no hierarchies.

In Jewish, Christian and Islamic beliefs, acts of sexual nature are restricted to marriage.

David is very important to Jewish, Christian and Islamic doctrine and culture.

In order to distinguish esoteric currents based primarily on sources from late Antiquity and the European Middle Ages, from e. g. Islamic or Jewish currents with similar features, the more precise term " Western esotericism " is often employed.

Here, one version of the Gospel of Barnabas also quotes Jesus as saying that the sacrificed son of Abraham was Ishmael not Isaac, conforming to Islamic belief but disagreeing with Jewish and Christian belief.

While the concept of heaven ( malkuth hashamaim מלכות השמים, the Kingdom of Heaven ) is well-defined within the Christian and Islamic religions, the Jewish concept of the afterlife, sometimes known as olam haba, the World-to-come, is not so precise.

A messiah is a savior or liberator of a people in the Jewish, Christian, Islamic or other religions.

The Christian concept of the Christ / Messiah as " the Word made Flesh " ( see also Logos ) is fundamentally different from the Jewish and Islamic.

There are other accounts of the death of Jesus, notably in the Jewish and Islamic traditions.

While the English term " saint " originated in Christianity, the term is now applied in other world religions, with the Jewish Tzadik, the Islamic wali, the Hindu rishi or guru, and the Buddhist arahat or boddhisatva also referred to as saints.

Nevertheless, Jewish theology historically has been very active and highly significant for Christian and Islamic theology.

Rashīd al-Dīn Fadhl-allāh Hamadānī ( 1247 – 1318 ), was a Persian physician of Jewish origin, polymathic writer and historian, who wrote an enormous Islamic history, the Jami al-Tawarikh, in the Persian language, often considered a landmark in intercultural historiography and a key document on the Ilkhanids ( 13th and 14th century ).

There were 2 individuals ( or about 0. 13 % of the population ) who were Jewish, and 32 ( or about 2. 07 % of the population ) who were Islamic.

His metaphysical writings have inspired centuries of Pagan, Christian, Jewish, Islamic and Gnostic metaphysicians and mystics.

It is somewhat similar to the phrases secular world, Jewish world and Islamic world.

Islamic Sharia Law regarding hunting is the same as Jewish law, in that only non-preying animals that can be considered halal for food can be hunted, but only for food and not as blood-sport.

Although there is this special history of debate concerning reason and faith in the Islamic, Christian and Jewish traditions, the pursuit of reason is sometimes argued to be compatible with the other practice of other religions of a different nature, such as Hinduism, because they do not define their tenets in such an absolute way.

Most major religious groups are represented including Jewish, Islamic, Anglican, Orthodox, Evangelical, Christian and Catholic.

There were 27 individuals ( or about 0. 17 % of the population ) who were Jewish, and 915 ( or about 5. 91 % of the population ) who were Islamic.

This was particularly the case for the literary traditions of the three Abrahamic religions: Jewish literature, Christian literature and Islamic literature.

The Turkish language and the Islamic religion were gradually introduced as a result of the Seljuk conquest, and this period marks the start of Anatolia's slow transition from predominantly Christian and Indo-European and Semitic-speaking, to predominantly Muslim and Turkish-speaking ( Although some ethnic groups such as Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians and Georgians retained Christianity and their native languages ).

Contrary to the canonical Christian Gospels, and in accordance with the Islamic view of Jesus, this later " Gospel of Barnabas " states that Jesus was not the son of God, but a prophet and messenger.

The confrontation between the PPT and UDT was more than simply ideological ; it represented different regional identities, with the PPT representing the Christian and animist south and the UDT the Islamic north.

With the emergence of Christianity and the rise of Islam, Constantinople became the last bastion of Christian Europe, standing at the fore of Islamic expansion, and repelling its influence.

As the Byzantine Empire was situated in-between the Islamic world and the Christian west, so did Constantinople act as Europe ’ s first line-of-defence against Arab advances in the 7th and 8th centuries.

Fire is represented in the Aztec religion by a flint ; to the Native Americans, a mouse ; to the Hindu and Islamic faiths, a lightning bolt ; to the Scythians, an axe, to the Greeks, an apple-bough ; and in Christian iconography, a lion.

* Islamic and Christian Spain in the early Middle Ages.

The media, in an attempt to explain the ideology of Ayatollah Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution to a Western audience described it as a " fundamentalist version of Islam " by way of analogy to the Christian fundamentalist movement in the U. S. Thus was born the term " Islamic fundamentalist ", which would come to be one of the most common usages of the term in the following years.

Influential criticisms of Fundamentalism include James Barr's books on Christian Fundamentalism and Bassam Tibi's analysis of Islamic Fundamentalism.

In some key respects, it conforms to the Islamic interpretation of Christian origins and contradicts the New Testament teachings of Christianity.

These scholars note parallels with a series of Morisco forgeries, the Sacromonte tablets of Granada, dating from the 1590s ; or otherwise with Morisco reworkings of Christian and Islamic traditions, produced following the expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain.

Viewed from an orthodox Islamic perspective, the Gospel of Barnabas might be considered a Christian work, as its many points of difference from the Qur ' an suggest ; hence, it too may be expected to have undergone corruption and distortion.

* History as a Literary Weapon: The Gospel of Barnabas in Muslim-Christian Polemics Oddbjørn Leirvik: a historical survey of both Christian and Islamic perspectives.

The Kingdom of Asturias became the main base for Christian resistance to Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula for several centuries.

Al-Andalus was rife with internal conflict between the Islamic Umayyad rulers and people and the Christian Visigoth-Roman leaders and people.

The Christian kingdoms of Iberia and the Islamic Almohad empire c. 1210

Its history is important to understanding the origin and development of the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Canaanite, Israeli, Phoenician, Carthaginian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, Christian and Islamic cultures.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Western scholars of Islam started to critically engage with the Islamic texts, subjecting them to the same agnostic, searching scrutiny that had previously been applied to Christian texts ( see higher criticism ).

Monotheism reached definite forms in Christian Christology and in Islamic Tawhid.