Emperor Yohannes IV believed this included Massawa, but instead, the port was handed by the Egyptians and the British to the Italians, who united it with the already colonised port of Asseb to form a coastal Italian possession.

The Spanish manuscript also contains a preface by one assuming the pseudonym ' Fra Marino ', claiming to have stolen a copy of the Italian version from the library of Pope Sixtus V. Fra Marino reports that, having a post in the Inquisition Court, he had come into possession of several works, which led him to believe that the Biblical text had been corrupted, and that genuine apostolic texts had been improperly excluded.

Irredentism ( from Italian irredento, " unredeemed ") is any position advocating annexation of territories administered by another state on the grounds of common ethnicity or prior historical possession, actual or alleged.

After a shaky peace of 1486 with King Ferdinand I of Naples failed and Ferdinand repeatedly refused to pay the tariff for his investiture, Innocent excommunicated him in 1489 and invited King Charles VIII of France to come to Italy with an army and take possession of the Kingdom of Naples, a disastrous political event for the Italian peninsula as a whole.

Among other things, Julius wanted the Venetian possession of Romagna ; Emperor Maximilian I wanted Friuli and Veneto ; Louis XII wanted Cremona ; and Ferdinand II wanted the Apulian ports. This war was a conflict in what was collectively known as the " Italian Wars ".

The English name Milan derives from the Lombard and the Italian form is Milano, which stems from the Latin Mediolanum, the ancient city founded by the Celtic tribe of the Insubres, who were in possession of the city until the Roman conquest in the third century BC.

Confirming the papacy in the possession of wide territories, he promised to annul the acts of Louis against Clement, to take no part in Italian affairs, and to defend and protect the church.

However, the Italian Government could not take possession of its capital because Napoleon III kept a French garrison in Rome in order to protect Pope Pius IX.

In December 1934 there was a clash between Italian and Abyssinian troops at Walwal, near the border between British and Italian Somaliland, in which Italian troops took possession of the disputed territory and in which 150 Abyssinians and 50 Italians were killed.

Sacco was found to have an Italian passport, anarchist literature, a loaded. 32 Colt Model 1903 automatic pistol, and twenty-three. 32 Automatic cartridges in his possession, several of these being of the same obsolescent type as the empty Winchester. 32 casing found at the crime scene, and the others manufactured by the firms of Peters and Remington, whose cases also were found at the crime scene.

Kastelórizo-under the Italian name Castelrosso, was then integrated in the possession of the Isole Italiane dell ' Egeo.

According to Charles Meryon, she came into possession of a medieval Italian manuscript copied from the records of a monastery somewhere in Syria.

However, in 1997 one Italian stone mosaic that was part of a set of four which had decorated the Amber Room did turn up in western Germany, in the possession of the family of a soldier who had helped pack up the Amber Room.

The French, in possession of Lombardy at the start of the Italian War of 1521 – 26, had been forced to abandon it after their defeat at the Battle of Bicocca in 1522.

With the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923 Karpathos joined the other islands of the Dodecanese in the Italian possession of the Isole Italiane dell ' Egeo, and was ceded by Italy to Greece with the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947.

* Italian and Italian dialects ( spoken by Italian immigrant communities in many major French cities, as well as French regions of former Italian state possession, such as Nice, Savoie, Haute-Savoie and Corsica ).

After dissolution, the estate came into the possession of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector to the young Edward VI, who started work on building the first Syon House in the Italian Renaissance style, apparently incorporating the west end of the monastery church.

This was reported by an Italian envoy in Prague who also told the Isabella-John Sigismund story .” She also notes that “ Several small fragments of the True Cross were in possession of the Arpad dynasty.

From 1893 to 1896, Luigi Amedeo travelled around the world, including Eritrea, then an Italian possession, and Vancouver.

The economic might and relatively advanced development of Tuscany at the time ( Late Middle Ages ) gave its dialect weight, though the Venetian language remained widespread in medieval Italian commercial life, and Ligurian ( or Genoese ) remained in use in maritime trade alongside the Mediterranean.

This was partly due to the ambitions of Italian maritime states and the aggression of the Turcomans and other city Turks, but the empire was also weakened by civil wars.

During these years the Byzantine Empire was so weak that commercial supremacy in the surrounding seas around it became a bone of contention for the Italian maritime commercial city states.

The consequences of this revolt are threefold: the city becomes de facto independent from the Almohads, but its reliance on the Italian maritime powers increases and the trans-Saharan trade routes begin to shift eastward due to the local turmoil.

The third event is the Historical Regata ( first Sunday in June ), a traditional rowing competition among the four main Italian historical maritime republics: Amalfi, Genoa, Pisa and Venice.

After 1000, Ancona became increasingly independent, eventually turning into an important maritime republic ( together with Gaeta, Trani and Ragusa, it is one of those not appearing on the Italian naval flag ), often clashing against the nearby power of Venice.

The Roman occupation of Hispania had meant a growth of maritime trade between the Iberian and Italian peninsulas.

Massive arrival of al-Andalus refugees contributed to reinforce the positions of the last Almoravid legitimatists, the Banu Ganiya, who, conscious of their weakness in the Western Mediterranean context, started to get closer to the growing powers represented by Italian maritime republics.

Matteo Perez d ' Aleccio ( 1547 – 1616 ) was an Italian painter of devotional, historical and maritime subjects during the Mannerist period.

He also established relations with the Italian maritime republics of Pisa and Genoa and in 1114 and 1115 attacked with Pisa the then-Muslim islands of Majorca and Ibiza.

With the development of Italian maritime power and southward expansion of the Christian Reconquista, Andalusi international trade came increasingly into the control of Christian traders from northern Iberia, southern France, or Italy and by the middle of the 13th century was an exclusively Christian concern.

Contact between Constantinople and the two other regions was possible only by means of a tenuous sea route through the Dardanelles kept open by the Italian maritime powers of Venice and Genoa.

The only open route to the Holy Land was the sea route, which benefitted the Italian maritime republics.

When Baudoin visited Rome in February 1939, he reported that the Italians were asking for only some economic concessions from the French in the Horn of Africa and Italian representation on the board of the Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez.

Muslim traders had their own lodgings ( mitaton ) there, including a mosque, while from the time of Alexios I Komnenos ( r. 1081 – 1118 ) on, the emperors granted to the various Italian maritime republics extensive trading quarters which included their own wharfs ( skalai ) beyond the sea walls.

This text puts forward four main decisions to accomplish the Crusade: the imposition of a new tax during three years, the interdiction of any kind of trade with the Saracens, the supply of ships by the Italian maritime Republics, and the alliance of the West with Byzantium and the Il-Khan Abagha.

During his ministry, maritime access for Soviet material aid remained effectively cut off by the attacks of Italian submarines and the French frontier remained closed.

MacGyver is proficient to a greater or lesser extent in Russian, German, French, Italian and American Sign Language, and knows how to use International maritime signal flags and Morse code.

The service also received American F-111 strike aircraft, C-130 Hercules transports, Orion maritime reconnaissance aircraft and Italian Macchi trainers.

RINA was founded in Genoa in 1861 under the name REGISTRO ITALIANO NAVALE, by the " Associazione della Mutua Assicurazione Marittima " ( Mutual Marine Insurance Association ) in Genoa in 1857 by ship managers and shipowners ( or " ship shareholders "), to cover risks related to loss and / or damage of the hull and rigging of sailing ships, to meet the needs of Italian maritime operators, as had already occurred in Great Britain and France.

Medieval Mediterranean states, notably the Italian maritime republics, including Venice, Pisa, and Genoa, used galleys until the ocean-going man-of-war made them obsolete.

Sicily was also an important hub for trade between the Near East, North Africa and the Italian maritime republics such as Amalfi, Pisa and Genoa.

Referred to as an active maritime base of the Obertenghi, a family of Italian nobility, it was a likely point of departure for naval forces in defence of pirates.

Luca Bassani Antivari is the Italian founder and president of the Monaco-based maritime design company Wally Yachts.