The term " sonnet " derives only from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning " little song " or " little sound ".

The structure of a typical Italian sonnet of this time included two parts that together formed a compact form of " argument ".

The sole confirmed surviving sonnet in the Occitan language is confidently dated to 1284, and is conserved only in troubadour manuscript P, an Italian chansonnier of 1310, now XLI. 42 in the Biblioteca Laurenziana in Florence.

His experiments with rhyme scheme were no less notable ; they served to free the English sonnet from the strict rhyming requirements of the Italian form.

They depart from the Italian sonnet form in closing with a couplet, as is the case with most of the sonnets of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and Sir Thomas Wyatt, but they have a grace and tenderness all their own.

The words are distributed with eight in the first line and six in the second, mirroring the octet-sestet form of the Italian ( or Petrarchan ) sonnet.

He was the foremost writer of sonnets in Italian, and translations of his work into English by Thomas Wyatt established the sonnet form in that country, where it was employed by William Shakespeare and countless other poets.

It is dedicated in a sonnet to his wife, who had practised the precepts of the Italian poet.

It was at that time that Moraes forsook his older form-free verse and blank verse poetry-in favour of an apparently old-fashioned poetical programme based on respect for traditional forms and extreme metrical accuracy, by excelling onwards in the handling of the rhymed, metrified sonnet, both on the Italian mode generally used in Portuguese-language poetry ( two quatrains, two tercets ) as well as on the English mode ( three quartains and a couplet, printed en bloc ).

This poem is a Petrarchan sonnet, or can be known as an Italian sonnet, divided into an octave and a sestet, with a rhyme scheme of a-b-b-a-a-b-b-a-c-d-c-d-c-d. After the main idea has been introduced and the image played upon in the octave, the poem undergoes a volta, a change in the persona's train of thought.

Many words dealing with military ( alarme, cavalier, espion, infanterie, camp, canon, soldat ) and artistic ( especially architectural: arcade, architrave, balcon, corridor ; also literary: sonnet ) practices were borrowed from Italian.

The development that caused the explosion of madrigal composition in England, however, was the development of native poetry — especially the sonnet — which was conducive to setting to music in the Italian style.

# redirect Sonnet # Italian ( Petrarchan ) sonnet

Although he was preceded by Íñigo López de Mendoza ( also known as Marqués de Santillana ), who wrote 42 sonnets in the Italian style, Boscà was one of the first people to use the present-day structures of the sonnet in Castilian.

Soon however, the impact of Petrarch ( the sonnet cycle addressed to an idealised lover, the use of amorous pardoxes ), Italian poets in the French court ( like Luigi Alamanni ), Italian Neo-platonism and humanism, and the rediscovery of certain Greek poets ( such as Pindar and Anacreon ) would profoundly modify the French tradition.

A sestet is the name given to the second division of an Italian sonnet ( as opposed to an English or Spenserian Sonnet ), which must consist of an octave, of eight lines, succeeded by a sestet, of six lines.

Petrarch developed the Italian sonnet pattern, which is known to this day as the Petrarchan sonnet or the Italian sonnet.

Singing into the mirror and his interested eyes, he was pleased to note, when he stripped for his own bath, that he still had the best part of his Italian sun tan.

Trevelyan's Manin And The Venetian Revolution Of 1848, his last major volume on an Italian theme, was written in a minor key.

Boniface had to uphold the sacredness of the feudal contract at all costs, for it was only as suzerain of Sicily and of the Patrimony of Peter that he had any justification for his Italian wars, but in the English-Scottish-French triangle it was almost impossible for him to recognize the claims of any one of the contestants without seeming to invalidate those of the other two.

His Italian journey was a poet's version of those perennial thrusts across the Alps of the German emperors of the Middle Ages.

Al's Little Cafe was small, dark, narrow, and filled with the mingled scent of beer, tobacco smoke, and Italian cooking.

Ballet flowered in Italy during the next hundred years, and about 1550 was carried to France when the Italian princess, Catherine De Medicis, married the King of France.

After the first two were blacked out, the third light was abandoned by a terrified Italian crew, who left their light to shine for nine minutes like an unerring homing beacon until British MP's shot it out.

It is a tribute to her talents that she was able to talk the District Attorney into having her removed from the prison to a hotel room, with her meals taken at Vesuvio's, an excellent Italian restaurant.

The working principle of a yupana is unknown, but in 2001 an explanation of the mathematical basis of these instruments was proposed by Italian mathematician Nicolino De Pasquale.

The Greek alphabet, in its Euboean form, was carried over by Greek colonists to the Italian peninsula, where it gave rise to a variety of alphabets used to write the Italic languages.

In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Arcipelago ( from medieval Greek * ἀρχιπέλαγος ) was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands ).

A mummified man, determined to be 5, 000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian – Italian border in 1991.

Antonio Agliardi ( September 4, 1832 – March 19, 1915 ) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal, archbishop, and papal diplomat.

Alessandro Algardi ( 31 July 1598 – 10 June 1654 ) was an Italian high-Baroque sculptor active almost exclusively in Rome, where for the latter decades of his life, he was the major rival of Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Alessandro di Cristofano di Lorenzo del Bronzino Allori ( 31 May 1535 – 22 September 1607 ) was an Italian portrait painter of the late Mannerist Florentine school.

Cam., also referred to as Ambrose of Camaldoli, ( 1386 – October 20, 1439 ) was an Italian monk and theologian, who was a prime supporter of the papal cause in the 15th century.

Andrea Andreani ( 1540 – 1623 ) was an Italian engraver on wood, who was among the first printmakers in Italy to use chiaroscuro, which required multiple colours.

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Gerolamo Umberto Volta ( 18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827 ) was an Italian physicist known for the invention of the battery in the 1800s.

Furthermore, he was depicted upon the Italian 10, 000 Lire ( no longer in circulation ) along with a sketch of his famous Voltaic Pile.

Andrea Alciato ( May 8, 1492 – January 12, 1550 ), commonly known as Alciati ( Andreas Alciatus ), was an Italian jurist and writer.

Amerigo Vespucci () ( March 9, 1454February 22, 1512 ) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer who first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus ' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Afro-Eurasians.

Argentine cuisine may be described as a cultural blending of Mediterranean influences ( such as those created by Italian and Spanish populations ) within the wide scope of livestock and agricultural products that are abundant in the country.

By the 1930s, Italian fascism had created a review board for popular culture.

In 1919, Alceste De Ambris and Futurist movement leader Filippo Tommaso Marinetti created The Manifesto of the Italian Fasci of Combat ( a. k. a. the Fascist Manifesto ).

The Fascist regime created a corporatist economic system in 1925 with creation of the Palazzo Vidioni Pact, in which the Italian employers ' association Confindustria and Fascist trade unions agreed to recognize each other as the sole representatives of Italy's employers and employees, excluding non-Fascist trade unions.

The Fascist regime first created a Ministry of Corporations that organized the Italian economy into 22 sectoral corporations, banned workers ' strikes and lock-outs, and in 1927 created the Charter of Labour, which established workers ' rights and duties and created labour tribunals to arbitrate employer-employee disputes.

The bombardment was the heaviest barrage yet experienced in North Africa, which created panic in the inexperienced soldiers of the Italian 60th Infantry Division Sabratha who had only just occupied sketchy defences in the sector.

In 2006 Italian scientists created an amorphous phase of carbon dioxide using extreme pressure.

After many discussions during the 1920s, in 1935 the Mussolini-Laval agreement was made and Italy received the Aouzou strip, which was united to the newly created Italian colony of Libya.

The Marina Militare, the Italian Navy, was created in 1946 as the Navy of the Italian Republic, from the Regia Marina.

The first land mine in Europe was created by Pedro Navarro ( d. 1528 ), a Spanish soldier, who used it in the settles of the Italian castles, in the beginning of the sixteenth century.

Associated with the Fête de la Musique, created by Jack Lang in Paris in 1981 to celebrate music and musicians, the Festa was incorporated into the Italian Minister of Culture's agenda in 1994, and has since spread across Italy as well as the world, encouraging the cooperation and musical exchanges between the participating cities.

* Napoleone Di Carlo, a detective created by Italian comic book writer Carlo Ambrosini for the series of the same name published by Sergio Bonelli Editore

An Italian cartographer traveling with him created the first map of the Ohio River.

In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri.

Italian writer Luigi Malerba used the confusion among the leaders of the Catholic Church, which was created by Adrian's unexpected election, as a backdrop for his 1995 novel, Le maschere ( The Masks ), about the struggle between two Roman cardinals for a well-endowed church office.

In 1599 he ordered the Italian miller Menocchio – who had formed the belief that God was not eternal but had Himself once been created out of chaos – to be burned at the stake.

Like most northern Italian cities, it was nominally a part of the Holy Roman Empire created by Charlemagne, but locally ruled by its bishops, the first being Guibodus.

The name Rocket comes from the Italian Rocchetta ( i. e. little fuse ), a name of a small firecracker created by the Italian artificer Muratori in 1379.

Since 2007, France and Italy have contested the Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy ; it was created for the 200th anniversary of the birth of Giuseppe Garibaldi, the Italian hero who helped unify Italy.

In 1855 an Italian abbot, Giovanni Caselli, also created an electric telegraph that could transmit images.