The tradition of the Diggers and the Levellers was continued in the period described by EP Thompson in The Making of the English Working Class by Jacobin groups like the London Corresponding Society and by polemicists such as Thomas Paine.

He was one of the members of the abolitionist Society of the Friends of the Blacks and of the Jacobin Club.

* Society of the Panthéon, also known as Conspiracy of the Equals, and as the Secret Directory – faction centered around François-Noël Babeuf, who continued to hold up a radical Jacobin viewpoint during the period of the Thermidorian reaction.

Particularly notable examples included Freeth's Coffee House, one of the most celebrated meeting places of Georgian England ; Ketley's Building Society, the world's first building society, founded at the Golden Cross in Snow Hill in 1775 ; the Birmingham Book Club, whose radical politics saw it nicknamed the " Jacobin Club ", and which alongside other debating societies such as the Birmingham Free Debating Society and the Amicable Debating Society played a prominent role in the growing expression of popular political consciousness within the town ; and the more conservative Birmingham Bean Club, a dining club uniting leading loyalist figures in the town with prominent landowners from the surrounding counties, which played a prominent role in the emergence of a distinct " Birmingham interest " in regional politics from 1774.

") He also discusses the popular movements that are oft forgotten in history, such as obscure Jacobin societies like the London Corresponding Society.

Napoleon returned on leave to Ajaccio in October, became a Jacobin and began to work for the revolution.

By the time of the French Revolution some, such as the Enragés, began to use the term positively, in opposition to Jacobin centralisation of power, seeing " revolutionary government " as oxymoronic.

In politics, the term left wing derives from the French Revolution, as radical Montagnard and Jacobin deputies from the Third Estate generally sat to the left of the president's chair in parliament, a habit which began in the Estates General of 1789.

Chaumette began his political career as member of the Jacobin Club editing the progressive Revolutions de Paris journal from 1790.

Together with Jules Guesde and Gabriel Deville, he began directing the activities of the newly-founded French Workers ' Party ( Parti Ouvrier Français ; POF ), which he led into conflict with the other major left-wing options: Anarchism, as well as the " Jacobin " Radicals and Blanquists.

* Armand Joseph Dubernad ( 1741 – 1799 ), financial trader, consul general of the Holy Roman Empire, deputy, mayor and cofounder of the first Jacobin Club of Brittany.

Fouché closed the Jacobin Club in a daring manner, hunting down those pamphleteers and editors, whether Jacobins or Royalists, who were influential critics of the government, so that at the time of the return of general Napoleon Bonaparte from the Egyptian campaign ( October 1799 ), the ex-Jacobin was one of the most powerful men in France.

During the decade of the 1840s the word " communist " came into general use to describe those who hailed the left wing of the Jacobin Club of the French Revolution as their ideological forefathers.

The first Viceroy, from 1815, was Józef Zajączek ( 1752 – 1820 ), former aide-de-champ to Hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, deputy to the Four-year Sejm, secretary of the Assembly of Friends of the Government Act ( i. e., of the May 3rd Constitution ), a division commander during the Polish-Russian War of 1792, hero of the Battle of Zieleńce, a Polish Jacobin, a soldier in Jan Henryk Dąbrowski's legions, a general of Napoleon's.

" For discussion of the political organization of the French Revolution era, see Jacobin.

It was this widespread yet highly centralised organization that gave to the Jacobin Club its formidable power.

He presented a famous report in the Constituent Assembly on the organization of the army, but is better known by his eloquent speech on 28 February 1791, at the Jacobin Club, against Honoré Mirabeau, whose relations with the court were beginning to be suspected, and who was a personal enemy of Lameth.

David's portrait of Lavoisier, who was a chemist and physicist as well as an active member of the Jacobin party, was banned by the authorities for such reasons.

On 13 July, the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat — a Jacobin leader and journalist known for his bloodthirsty rhetoric — by Charlotte Corday, a Girondin, resulted in further increase of Jacobin political influence.

For example, Jean-Baptiste Carrier became notorious for the Noyades (" drownings ") he organized in Nantes ; his conduct was judged unacceptable even by the Jacobin government and he was recalled.

On 13 July the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat – a Jacobin leader and journalist known for his violent rhetoric – by Charlotte Corday resulted in a further increase in Jacobin political influence.

Poe places a Latin epigraph before the story, describing it as " a quatrain composed for the gates of a market to be erected upon the site of the Jacobin Club House at Paris ".

His father, Giacomo, originally from Chiavari, was a university professor who had adhered to Jacobin ideology ; his mother, Maria Drago, was renowned for her beauty and religious ( Jansenist ) fervour.

In spite of the efforts of his Jacobin friends to save him, Babeuf was arrested, tried, and convicted for his role in the Conspiracy of the Equals.

Fox was also probably the most ridiculed figure of the 18th century – most famously by Gillray, for whom he served as a stock Jacobin villain.

At the outbreak of the Revolution, seeing the opportunity for carving out a new career, he went to Paris, where he joined the Jacobin Club in 1789.

To this day, the terms Jacobin and Jacobinism are used as pejoratives for radical, left-wing revolutionary politics.

Jacobin Club meetings soon became a place for radical and rousing oratory that pushed for republicanism, widespread education, universal suffrage, separation of church and state, and other reforms.

Besides the teenage son of the Duc d ' Orléans, Louis Philippe, a future king of France, liberal aristocrats of the type of the duc d ' Aiguillon, the prince de Broglie, or the vicomte de Noailles, and the bourgeoisie who formed the mass of the members, the club contained such figures as " Père " Michel Gerard, a peasant proprietor from Tuel-en-Montgermont, in Brittany, whose rough common sense was admired as the oracle of popular wisdom, and whose countryman's waistcoat and plaited hair were later on to become the model for the Jacobin fashion.

The Jacobin Club developed into a bureau for French Republicanism and revolutionary purity, and abandoned its original laissez faire economic views in favor of interventionism.

The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic.

The cultural influence of the Jacobin movement was effective in reinforcing these rudiments, developing a milieu for revolution.

:* See also WA Schmidt, Tableaux de la révolution française ( 3 volumes, Leipzig, 1867-1870 ), notably for the reports of the secret police, which throw much light on the actual working of Jacobin propaganda.

Famous for his speeches at the Jacobin Club, he was elected a member of the municipality of Paris, then of the Legislative Assembly, and later of the National Convention.

Danton fled Paris, and Desmoulins, though he remained in the city, and spoke on several occasions at the Jacobin Club, decreased his journalistic activities for a time.

He attempted to undermine the constitution, and thus caused the revived Jacobin Club to be closed while making offers to General Joubert for a coup d ' état.

During their struggle with the Girondists, the Montagnards gained the upper hand in the Jacobin Club, and for a time " Jacobin " and " Montagnard " were synonymous terms.

When the Jacobin faction seized control of the Revolutionary government in 1792, Jean-Jacques Ampère resisted the new political tides, and he was guillotined on November 24, 1793, as part of the Jacobin purges of the period.

The Jacobin Club, however, encountered political tension beginning in 1791 due to conflicting viewpoints in response to several revolutionary events and how to best achieve a democratic republic.

: This page describes the political term " Jacobin.

Specifically, it was used to describe members of the Jacobin Club, a revolutionary, far-left political movement that had been the most famous political club of the French Revolution.

During the Reign of Terror, the Jacobin government and other factions of the French Revolution used the apparatus of the state to execute and intimidate political opponents, and the Oxford English Dictionary includes as one definition of terrorism " Government by intimidation carried out by the party in power in France between 1789-1794 ".

The motto " Unity, Liberty, Socialism " ( ) was inspired by the French Jacobin political doctrine linking national unity and social equity.

The Jacobin Club was the most famous and influential political club in the development of the French Revolution, so-named because of the Dominican convent where they met, which had recently been located in the Rue St. Jacques ( Latin: Jacobus ), Paris.

At the outset the Jacobin Club was not distinguished by unconventional political views.

Robespierre was viewed as the quintessential political force of the Jacobin Movement, thrusting ever deeper the dagger of liberty within the despotism of the Monarchy.

The membership fees of this society were fixed low, and thus affordable to a more diverse range of citizens than those of many other political clubs at the time, including the Jacobin Club.

His only real political power at this time lay in the Jacobin Club, which had extended itself beyond the borders of Paris and into the country as a network of " Popular Societies ".

Morgan's novel, however, is much more explicitly political, displaying clear Jacobin feminist politics.

At the heart of this debate is the conflict between liberal representative democracy, based on the Anglo-American political tradition, the English Glorious Revolution and the American Revolution, and the Scottish enlightenment, which is favoured by the Liberals ; and conceptions of direct democracy, based on the Jacobin traditions of the French Revolution, the French enlightenment, in particular Rousseau and the Maoist socialist-democratic concept of the mass line.

For political reasons he was forced to take refuge in Florence ; on his return to Rome in 1799 he was imprisoned as a Jacobin by the Neapolitans, who at that time were occupying Rome, but was shortly afterwards freed and appointed Commissario delle Antichità and librarian to Prince Chigi.