After the battle of Culloden the leaders were declared to be traitors, with Jacobite officers executed and many of the rebel soldiers shipped to the colonies as indentured servants.

The French scheme to invade Britain was arranged in combination with the Jacobite leaders, and soldiers were to be transported from Dunkirk.

Cumberland's troops committed numerous atrocities as they hunted for the defeated Jacobite soldiers, earning him the title " the Butcher " from the Highlanders.

After returning to London, Frank levies a company of soldiers and rides north to support King George's cause as the Jacobite rebellion breaks out into war.

Under the treaty, Jacobite soldiers in formed regiments had the option to leave with their arms and flags for France to continue serving under James II in the Irish Brigade.

The Jacobite soldiers thirdly had the option of returning home which some 2, 000 soldiers chose.

Until 1766 France and the Papacy remained committed to restoring the Stuarts to their British Kingdoms, and Irish soldiers in the French service fought on the Jacobite side in the Scottish Jacobite uprisings up to the Battle of Culloden in 1746.

* Jacobite soldiers were not always plaid-wearing, sword-wielding highlanders.

While many Jacobite soldiers were of poor appearance, some without even shoes, they proved capable of defeating British regulars under certain circumstances.

* It is said that Jacobite soldiers were ordered to " give no quarter " at Culloden.

Nonetheless, in the morning the exhausted Jacobite soldiers were certainly not ordered to “ give no quarter ” at the Battle of Culloden itself.

During the Jacobite rebellion of 1745, having published in the same year Popery Another Gospel, he was threatened by soldiers of the Highland army while conducting service in the church building and for a few weeks had to preach in private houses.

In the eighteenth century the castle was occupied briefly by Jacobite rebels, but was quickly recaptured by soldiers from Berwick who imprisoned the rebels ; they dug their way out and hid for nine days close to nearby Bamburgh Castle before making good their escape.

Rumours spread that England was in arms for the cause of reform and that an army was mustering at Campsie commanded by Marshal MacDonald, a Marshal of France and son of a Jacobite refugee family, to join forces with 50, 000 French soldiers at Cathkin Braes under Kinloch, the fugitive " Radical laird " from Dundee.

Thus the only member churches of the present Anglican Communion existing by the mid-18th century were the Church of England, its closely linked sister church, the Church of Ireland ( which also separated from Roman Catholicism under Henry VIII ) and the Scottish Episcopal Church which for parts of the 17th and 18th centuries was partially underground ( it was suspected of Jacobite sympathies ).

In addition to James II himself ( who died a few months after the act received the royal assent ) and his Catholic children Prince James and Princess Louisa, the act also excluded the descendents of James ' sister Henrietta, the youngest daughter of Charles I. Henrietta's daughter Anne was then the Queen of Sardinia and a Catholic ; the Jacobite heirs of today are descended from her line.

Conditions also grew worse for Catholics after the Jacobite rebellions and Catholicism was reduced to little more than a poorly-run mission.

Since most Episcopalians had given their support to the Jacobite rebellions in the early 18th century, they also suffered a decline in fortunes.

The Jacobite pretender to the thrones of United Kingdom and France, Charles Edward Stuart, who was under 14 then, also participated in the French and Spanish siege of Gaeta, making his first exposure to battle.

* July 10 – Anglo-Dutch navy defeated by the French in the Battle of Beachy Head ( also known as the Battle of Bévéziers ), giving rise to fears of a Jacobite invasion of England.

In search for allies, Charles XII also negotiated with the British Jacobite party.

Walpole's first year as Prime Minister was also marked by the discovery of a Jacobite plot formed by Francis Atterbury, the Bishop of Rochester.

Broster's Jacobite Trilogy, beginning with The Flight of the Heron ( 1920 ), also depicts the uprising.

After the death of his brother in 1819, he also became the Jacobite Pretender to the British thrones ( as Victor I ), although he, like his brother, did not make any public claims to this effect.

William's position as Master Mason to the Board of Ordnance also began to generate much work, as the Highlands were fortified following the failed Jacobite revolt.

Chiswick House has also been linked with Freemasonry, and is believed by some scholars to have functioned as a Masonic Lodge or Temple, given that some of the ceiling paintings by William Kent in the Gallery and the Red, Blue and Summer Parlour Rooms contain iconography of a strong Masonic, Hermetic, and possible Jacobite character.

He is generally best remembered for his role in putting down the Jacobite Rising at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, and as such is also known as " Butcher " Cumberland.

The Battle of Killiecrankie ( Scottish Gaelic-Cath Raon Ruairidh ) was fought between Highland Scottish clans supporting King James VII of Scotland ( also known as James II of England ) and troops supporting King William of Orange on 27 July 1689, during the first Jacobite uprising.

The Malankara Varghese murder case concerns the death of T. M. Varghese also known as Malankara Varghese, a member of Malankara Orthodox Church's managing committee and a timber merchant in 5 December 2002. On 9 May 2010 charged Father Varghese Thekkekara, a priest and manager of the Angamali diocese in the rival Jacobite Syrian Christian Church ( a part of the Syriac Orthodox Church ) with conspiracy in the murder of Malankara Varghese and named him as the prime accused.

During this period he became a friend of James Wolfe ; he may also have served with Wolfe at the Battle of Culloden during the Jacobite Rebellion.

The final chapter of the ill-fated 1715 Jacobite rebellion was also played out in Montrose After the short lived uprising on 4 February 1716, James Francis Edward Stuart ( the Old Pretender ; formerly James, Prince of Wales ) arrived in Montrose, where he spent his last night in Scotland.

Queen Anne was the last British monarch to claim to possess this divine ability, though the Jacobite pretenders also claimed to do so.

His Scottish and Jacobite roots also allowed for endless insinuation and controversy — in 1753 he was accused by the Bishop of Gloucester of " having drunk the health of the Old Pretender on his knees ".

The title of " Earl of Newcastle " was also created in the Jacobite Peerage in 1692 for Pierce Butler, 3rd Viscount of Galmoye.

As a good Jacobite, he was also distressed on occasion by the Maronite theological slant given by Theophilus to his material, and complained that his narrative ' deviated from the truth '.

In 1745, the Jacobite army led by Prince Charles Edward Stuart passed through the town on its way to England, and the Prince also stayed here.

He was also awarded the Jacobite peerage of Earl of Monmouth in the Peerage of England.

* Jacob Bar-Salibi also known as Dionysius Bar-salibi, member of Syrian Jacobite Church in the 12th century, best known for his commentary on biblical texts

Stone was also strategic in preventing any break-away Jacobite group going across to Wales to recruit more men there, which it became after the Jacobites took Derby.

The Jacobite leadership had a crisis of confidence and retreated to Scotland.

In his Essay Upon Several Subjects Concerning British Antiquities, written just after the Jacobite rising of 1745 he described how the politics of Scotland were not based on loyalty to Kings or Queens as Jacobites had said but on royal land grants given in return for loyalty.

In the cultural sphere, Scott's Waverley novels played a significant part in the movement ( begun with James Macpherson's Ossian cycle ) in rehabilitating the public perception of the culture of the Scottish Highlands and its culture, which had been formally suppressed as barbaric – and viewed in the southern mind as a breeding ground of hill bandits, religious fanaticsim, and Jacobite rebellions.

Since the exile of James II, the ' Jacobite Cause ' had striven to return the Stuarts to the thrones of England and Scotland, in 1707 united as Great Britain.

However Charles, believing himself betrayed, had decided to abandon the Jacobite cause.

On top of that, the Jacobite infantry who actually had firearms were all equipped with the obsolete matchlock musket.

The day before the battle, William himself had a narrow escape when he was wounded in the shoulder by Jacobite artillery while surveying the fords over which his troops would cross the Boyne.

In Scotland, news of this defeat silenced the Highlanders in supporting the Jacobite Rising temporarily, which Bonnie Dundee had led.

In 1746, Francis Towneley and eight men who had taken part in the Jacobite Rising were hanged, drawn and quartered at Kennington Common.

The Catholic Irish, comprising the vast majority of the population, had eagerly supported the Jacobite cause, however, the second siege of Limerick resulted in a defeat to the Williamites.

The timing was poor, as the Jacobite Rebellion had caused much panic in London, and for most of the year the King's Theatre was closed.

Too many circumstances point to his having had Jacobite connections, directly when travelling on the Continent, through his freemasonry, through his cousin Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery, through Bishop Atterbury, through Dr Drake ( the Jacobite historian of York ), and via servants such as his chaplain Aaron Thompson or his agent Andrew Crotty ".

The Jacobite army had advanced southwards into England, hoping that English Jacobites would rise and join them.

Since January 1691 Marlborough had been in contact with the exiled James II in Saint-Germain, anxious to obtain the erstwhile King's pardon for deserting him in 1688 – a pardon essential for the success of his future career in the not altogether unlikely event of a Jacobite restoration.

But these assurances against a Jacobite restoration ( which he had been taking out since the early years of William III, no matter how insincere ), stirred Hanoverian suspicions, and perhaps prevented him from holding the first place in the counsels of the future George I.

Later defenders of the Patriot Parliament pointed out that the ensuing " Williamite Settlement forfeitures " of the 1690s named an even larger number of Jacobite suspects, most of whom had been attainted by 1699.

" So fast was the Jacobite charge that many Government troops had insufficient time to fix their bayonets, leaving them defenceless at close-quarters ( during this period, the plug bayonet was used, which fitted into the barrel of the musket and prevented further reloading or firing-this meant that fixing bayonets was delayed till the last possible moment ).

In October 1745, Wolfe's regiment was urgently recalled to Britain to deal with the Jacobite rising which had broken out.

In September Jacobite forces had won the Battle of Prestonpans and captured Edinburgh.

Ormonde ’ s position as Captain-General made him a personage of much importance in the crisis brought about by the death of Queen Anne and, during the last years of Queen Anne, Ormonde almost certainly had Jacobite leanings and corresponded with the Jacobite Court including his cousin, Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye, who kept barrels of gun powder at Kilkenny Castle.

Accused of supporting the Jacobite rising of 1715, during which the rebels had shouted " High church and Ormonde ", he was impeached for high treason by Lord Stanhope on 21 June 1715.

A Jacobite who had killed a man could expect no leniency from the government of William and Mary, so he fled to Wales and disappeared ; he possibly took a new name and emigrated to the New World.