However, having encountered limited English support for their cause the Jacobites decided to withdraw and by the end of the year they were back in Scotland and government forces prepared for what they believed would be a relatively easy campaign that would crush the rebels.

Part of Mar's army joined up with risings in northern England and southern Scotland, and the Jacobites fought their way into England before being defeated at the Battle of Preston, surrendering on 14 November 1715.

In January 1692, suspecting that Marlborough was secretly conspiring with James's followers, the Jacobites, William and Mary dismissed him from all his offices.

Sarah consistently counselled the Queen to appoint more Whigs and reduce the power of the Tories, whom she considered little better than Jacobites, and the Queen became increasingly discontented with Sarah.

In reaction, Jacobites attempted to depose George and replace him with Anne's Catholic half-brother, James Francis Edward Stuart, but their attempts failed.

In 1714, the political situation worsened with the death of Queen Anne and the disputed succession between the Hanoverians and the Jacobites, leading to the attempted Jacobite Rebellion of 1715.

Eugene IV signed an agreement with the Armenians on 22 November 1439, and with a part of the Jacobites in 1443, and in 1445 he received the Nestorians and the Maronites.

Charles hoped for a warm welcome from these clans to start an insurgency by Jacobites throughout Britain, and the Highland clans indeed provided him with a warm welcome.

The Jacobites were pursued by King George II's son, the Duke of Cumberland, who caught up with them at the Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746.

The Jacobites themselves had no heavy guns with which to respond, and by November they had marched on to England, leaving Edinburgh to the castle garrison.

In 1715 he was expelled on account of his correspondence with members of the Keir and Garden families, who were noted Jacobites, and had been accessory to the " Gathering of the Brig o ' Turk " in 1708.

He also maintained correspondence with the Jacobites.

Dundee left the Convention, planning, with others loyal to King James ( called Jacobites, from the Latin for James, " Jacobus ") to summon another convention at Stirling in James ' name.

Exiled to France, the " Queen over the water "— as Jacobites ( followers of James II ) called Mary — lived with her husband and children in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, provided by Louis XIV of France.

He represented to the Jacobites — what was probably in the main true — that though eager for their success his weak health and advanced years prevented him from joining the standard of the prince in person, while to the Lord President Forbes he professed his cordial attachment to the existing state of things, but lamented that his son, in spite of all his remonstrances, had joined Bonnie Prince Charlie, and succeeded in taking with him a strong force from the clan of the Frasers.

Chagrined at this treatment, Ferguson was soon in correspondence with the exiled Jacobites.

The success of Wade's efforts was shown by the rough assortment of weapons used by the Highlanders when Bonnie Prince Charlie raised the Forty-Five Rising, but the Jacobites ' overwhelming victory at the Battle of Prestonpans provided them with a good supply of government firelocks and bayonets left by the fleeing Redcoats.

Famous individuals connected with Edessa include: Jacob Baradaeus, the real chief of the Syriac Miaphysites known after him as Jacobites ; Stephen Bar Sudaïli, monk and pantheist, to whom was owing, in Palestine, the last crisis of Origenism in the 6th century ; Jacob, Bishop of Edessa, a fertile writer ( d. 708 ); Theophilus the Maronite, an astronomer, who translated into Syriac verse Homer's Iliad and Odyssey ; the anonymous author of the Chronicon Edessenum ( Chronicle of Edessa ), compiled in 540 ; the writer of the story of " The Man of God ", in the 5th century, which gave rise to the legend of St. Alexius, also known as Alexius of Rome ( because exiled Eastern monks brought his cult and bones to Rome in the 10th century ).

He was always suspected of being a Roman Catholic, and invariably treated Jacobites and Papists better than Dissenters in the Athenae, but he died in communion with the Church of England.

They would be political partners for the next twenty years, and Newcastle would remain a loyalist until Walpole's fall in 1742. Newcastle vigorously sustained the Whigs at Queen Anne's death, and had much influence in making the Londoners accept King George I, even organising so-called ' Newcastle mobs ' to fight with rival Jacobites in the street.

His paternal great-grandfather was Sir John O ' Sullivan, who fought with the Jacobites for the cause of Charles Edward Stuart.

In 1694 he again became Secretary of State ; but there is some evidence that as early as 1690, when he resigned, he had gone over to the Jacobites and was in correspondence with James at his court in exile at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, though it has been stated on the other hand that these relations were entered upon with William's connivance for reasons of policy.

* Daniel Szechi, ‘ The Duke of Shrewsbury's contacts with the Jacobites in 1713 ’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 56 ( 1983 ), pp. 229 – 32.

George and Britain did gain from the treaty in one respect: that one clause of it had finally compelled the French to recognise the Hanoverian succession to the British throne and expel the Jacobites from France.

Three of his sons joined the Jacobites in the rebellion of 1715, including his eldest living son who was subsequently attainted and removed from succession to the title, but Murray himself remained loyal to the Government.

He was not, as the Jacobites and discontented Whigs of his time have represented him, and as ill-informed people still represent him, a prodigal and corrupt minister.

The Treaty of Limerick ended the Williamite war in Ireland which was fought between supporters of the Catholic King James II ( Jacobites ) and the Protestant King William of Orange ( Williamites ).

The government army was led by General John Cope, and their disastrous defence against the Jacobites is immortalised in the song ' Johnnie Cope '.

Choiseul was planning a full-scale invasion of England, involving upwards of 100, 000 men — to which he hoped to add a number of Jacobites led by Charles.

An agreement was struck whereby the Jacobites were to return to the Imperial Church on the basis of the single energy doctrine, and Athanasius was to be made Patriarch of Antioch.

For the Jacobites, the war was fought for Irish sovereignty, religious toleration for Catholicism, and land ownership.

When Henry died in 1807, Charles Emmanuel became the senior heir-general of King Charles I of England and Scotland, and was thus regarded by Jacobites as King Charles IV of England, Scotland, France and Ireland.

The fort was captured by the Jacobites in April 1745, just prior to the Battle of Culloden.

He was a staunch Protestant, somewhat more tolerant of Jacobites than his father but definitely pro-Hanoverian.

The eighteenth century was for the most part peaceful in Ireland, and Trinity College shared in this calm, though at the beginning of the period a few Jacobites and at its end some political radicals perturbed the College authorities.

On 27 November 1745 when Bonnie Prince Charlie and his Jacobites passed through Preston and Wigan on their way south to Manchester and Derby in the hope of taking London and the Crown, Chorley was a mustering point for the Government scouts tracking them.

** Henry Benedict Stuart, the ' Cardinal Duke of York ', brother of Bonnie Prince Charlie, who was hailed by Jacobites as Henry IX

Although it was a stunning victory for the Jacobites, it had little overall effect on the outcome of the war and left their leader dead.

By the time all of the forces were formed up it was late afternoon and the Jacobites had the sun in their eyes, so they simply waited for sunset under the desultory fire from Mackay's forces.

Mackay's forces, realising the battle was on, stepped up their rate of fire, however due to a shallow terrace on the hillside shielding the advancing Jacobites, this fire was partly masked.

The Scottish Jacobites were heavily defeated at the Haughs of Cromdale on 1 May 1690, and James was defeated on 1 July 1690 at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland.

During his stay in Rome Rockingham noted that amongst Englishmen Whigs outnumbered Jacobites four-to-one and there were " no Persons of rank about the Pretender " and that " the vile spirit of Jacobitism " was greatly declining.

The whole scheme indicates Lovat's sagacity as a military strategist, and his plan was continuously kept in view in all future attempts of the Jacobites, and finally acted on in the outbreak of 1745.