* Derby, Josiah, " The Gold of The Ark ", Jewish Bible Quarterly Journal.

* Schatz, Elihu, " The Weight of The Ark of The Covenant ", Jewish Bible Quarterly Journal.

A table comparing the canons of some of these traditions appears below, comparing the Jewish Bible with the Christian Old Testament and New Testament.

In the Masoretic Text, it appears as a single work, either the first or last book of the Ketuvim ( the latter arrangement also making it the final book of the Jewish Bible ).

The Book of Numbers ( from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi ;, Bəmidbar, " In the desert ") is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible, and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah.

The Book of Judith is not a part of the Jewish or most Protestant Bibles, who exclude the Book of Judith as apocryphal ), though it is a part of the Catholic Bible.

The Book of Esther is a book in the Ketuvim (" writings "), the third section of the Jewish Tanakh ( the Hebrew Bible ) and is part of the Christian Old Testament.

* Extract from The JPS Bible Commentary: Esther by Adele Berlin: Liberal Jewish view.

The Book of Lamentations (, Eikhah, ʾēkhā ( h )) is a poetic book of the Hebrew Bible composed by the Jewish prophet Jeremiah.

In early translations of the Hebrew Bible, Jewish translators tended to remove anthropomorphic imagery in order to prevent the reader from misunderstanding the ancient texts.

Although his name does not appear in any other part of the Jewish Bible, Rabbinic tradition holds Habakkuk to be the Shunammite woman's son, who was restored to life by Elisha in 2 Kings 4: 16.

** Jewish commentaries on the Bible

* Tanakh, sometimes referred to as the Jewish Bible Canon

The Prophecy of Seventy Septets ( or literally ' seventy times seven ') appears in the angel Gabriel's reply to Daniel, beginning with verse 22 and ending with verse 27 in the ninth chapter of the Book of Daniel, a work included in both the Jewish Tanakh and the Christian Bible ; as well as the Septuagint.

Both the Jewish Bible and the New Testament also contain passages some have interpreted as describing same-sex relationships, for example David and Jonathan or the centurion and his servant ; these are likewise the subject of scholarly debate, with most arguing that the relationships depicted are platonic.

According to the traditional Jewish interpretation of the Bible, Israel's character as the chosen people is unconditional, as it says in,

Some Christian denominations ( such as Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox ), include a number of books that are not in the Hebrew Bible ( the biblical apocrypha or deuterocanonical books or Anagignoskomena, see Development of the Old Testament canon ) in their biblical canon that are not in today's Jewish canon, although they were included in the Septuagint.

Although the Hebrew Bible has many references to capital punishment, the Jewish sages used their authority to make it nearly impossible for a Jewish court to impose a death sentence.

There is little Jewish literature on heaven or hell as actual places, and there are few references to the afterlife in the Hebrew Bible.

* The Pontifical Biblical Commission: The Jewish People and their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible

The Jewish historian Josephus speaks of there being 22 books in the canon of the Hebrew Bible, a Jewish tradition reported also by the Christian bishop Athanasius.

The Book of Deuteronomy ( from Greek Δευτερονόμιον, Deuteronomion, " second law ";, Devarim, " words ") is the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible, and of the Jewish Torah / Pentateuch.

In the Bible, David, or David HaMelekh, is the King of Israel, and the Jewish people.

The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically ( and possibly pejoratively in English ) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text ( also called the Tanakh or Miqra ) and most modern Protestant Bibles.

While animal sacrifice was part of the practice of ancient Judaism, the Tanakh ( Old Testament ) and Jewish teaching portray human sacrifice as one of the evils that separated the pagans of Canaan from the Hebrews (, ).

Many Conservative Jews reject the traditional Jewish idea that God literally dictated the words of the Torah to Moses at Mount Sinai in a verbal revelation, but they hold the traditional Jewish belief that God inspired the later prophets to write the rest of the Tanakh.

All contemporary Jewish movements consider the Tanakh, and the Oral Torah in the form of the Mishnah and Talmuds as sacred, although movements are divided as to claims concerning their divine revelation, and also their authority.

Outside of the Roman Catholic Church, the term deuterocanonical is sometimes used, by way of analogy, to describe books that Eastern Orthodoxy, and Oriental Orthodoxy included in the Old Testament that are not part of the Jewish Tanakh, nor the Protestant Old Testament.

** Book of Joel, a book in the Jewish Tanakh, and the Christian Bible

Jewish law and custom is based not only on a literal reading of the Tanakh, but on the combined oral and written tradition.

He was fully conversant with the Talmud and Tanakh ( Jewish Bible ), and worked as a pulpit rabbi and teacher in the 1960s.

Malachi was the writer of the Book of Malachi, the last book of the Neviim ( prophets ) section in the Jewish Tanakh.

The Tanakh and siddur ( Jewish prayer book ) describe Shabbat as having three purposes:

For these reasons, Jewish editions of the Tanakh which include commentaries still almost always print the Targum alongside the text, in all Jewish communities.

Zephaniah () or Tzfanya () is the name of several people in the Bible Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh.

* July 13 – Rashi, Jewish commentator on the Tanakh and Talmud ( b. 1040 )

Some hold that, while rejecting " an eye for an eye ", Jesus built upon previous Jewish ethical teachings in the Tanakh, " Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I the.

Traditionally, a man obtains one of three levels of Semicha ( rabbinic ordination ) after the completion of an arduous learning program in Torah, Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible ), Mishnah and Talmud, Midrash, Jewish ethics and lore, the codes of Jewish law and responsa, theology and philosophy.

In the early Christian experience the New Testament was added to the whole Jewish Tanakh, which after Jerome's translation tended more and more to be bound up as a single volume, and was accepted as a unified locus of authority: " the Book.

Karaite Judaism recognizes the Tanakh as the single religious authority of the Jewish people.

Karaite Jews rely on the use of sound reasoning and the application of linguistic tools to determine the correct meaning of the Tanakh ; while Rabbinical Judaism looks toward the Oral law codified in the Talmud, to provide the Jewish community with an accurate understanding of the Hebrew Scriptures.