It was only after the Mongol conquest that the state began to be referred to in the Muslim world as the Kara-Khitai or Qara-Khitai.

It was held by the rulers of the Kara-Khitai in the 13th century.

Sanjar's rule, marked by conflict with the Kara-Khitai and Khwarazmians, ended in 1153 when the Turkish Ghuzz nomads from beyond the Amu Darya pillaged the city.

He again initiated a conflict, this time with the aid of the Kara-Khanids, and defeated a Kara-Khitai army at Talas ( 1210 ), but allowed Samarkand ( 1210 ) to be occupied by the Kara-Khitai.

The Kara-Khitai Khitans followed a mix of Buddhism and traditional Khitan religion, which included fire worship and tribal customs, such as the tradition of sacrificing a gray ox with a white horse.

In an innovation unique to the Kara-Khitai, the Khitans paid their soldiers a salary.

Throughout its rule the dynasty continued to be known as Kara-Khitai.

The Kaganate thereafter declined, and the Kimeks were probably at times subjected to Kyrgyz and Kara-Khitai overlordship.

His purpose, however, was not to establish an empire, but to assert the principle of divine justice.

It was said that the Hetman plotted to take over the entire Hearst newspaper empire one day by means of various coups: the destruction of editors who tried to halt his course, the unfrocking of publishers whose mistakes of judgment might be magnified in secret reports to Mr. Hearst.

J. T. Shotwell was appalled by such spurious history as that which attributed the fall of the Carolingian empire to the woolen trade, and he urged Adams to `` transform his essay into a real history, embodying not merely those facts which fit into his theory, but also the modifications and exceptions ''.

One of these became the Latin alphabet, which was spread across Europe as the Romans expanded their empire.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

Following his death and the organisational deterioration of his empire, Asia Minor was ruled by a series of Hellenistic kingdoms which came under Roman control two hundred years later.

The Mitanni Empire was also an Indo-European ( and Hurrian ) speaking and Anatolian based empire.

Following his death and the breakup of his empire, Anatolia was ruled by a series of Hellenistic kingdoms, much of it being controlled by the Greek Seleucid Empire.

In consolidating his empire and subduing contending factions he was ably assisted by Nizam ul-Mulk, his vizier, and one of the most eminent statesmen in early Muslim history.

Around 500 BCE, following the Achaemenid conquest of Mesopotamia under Darius I, Old Aramaic was adopted by the conquerors as the " vehicle for written communication between the different regions of the vast empire with its different peoples and languages.

Under the early Roman empire the place was known as Caesarea, and was the metropolis of Cilicia Secunda.

There also is no mention of Troy, which was not far from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine empire and militarily beyond the reach of the Vikings.

The wars which attended his accession both in Hungary and in Persia terminated unfavourably for the empire, and its prestige received its first check in the Treaty of Zsitvatorok, signed in 1606, whereby the annual tribute paid by Austria was abolished.

The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in Mesopotamia.

Shu-Durul ( 2168 – 2154 BC ) appears to have restored some order, however he was unable to prevent the empire eventually collapsing outright from the invasion of barbarian peoples from the Zagros Mountains known as the Gutians.

The empire was bound together by roads, along which there was a regular postal service.

The new Frankish alliance was important because of the Franks ' known hostility to the Byzantine empire, providing the Lombards with more than one option.

Afonso de Albuquerque ( or archaically spelt as Aphonso d ' Albuquerque and also spelt as Alfonso, and Alphonso ; ; 1453December 16, 1515 ), 1st Duke of Goa, was a Portuguese fidalgo, or nobleman, an admiral whose military and administrative activities as second governor of Portuguese India conquered and established the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian Ocean.

Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during his reign against both the Seljuq Turks in Asia Minor and the Normans in the western Balkans, Alexios was able to halt the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the Komnenian restoration.

Due to the troubled times the empire was enduring, he had by far the greatest number of rebellions against him of all the Byzantine emperors.

The Almoravid power was at its height at Yusuf's death, and the Moorish empire then included all North-West Africa as far as Algiers, and all of Iberia south of the Tagus, with the east coast as far as the mouth of the Ebro, and included the Balearic Islands.

Alyattes, king of Lydia ( 619 – 560 BC ), considered to be the founder of the Lydian empire, was the son of Sadyattes, of the house of the Mermnadae.

Amasis worrying that his daughter would be a concubine to the Persian king refused to give up his offspring ; Amasis also was not willing to take on the Persian empire so he concocted a trickery in which he forced the daughter of the ex-pharaoh Apries, whom Herodotus explicitly confirms to have been killed by Amasis, to go to Persia instead of his own offspring.

The Mossi claim descent from warriors who migrated to present-day Burkina Faso and established an empire that lasted more than 800 years.

The Goths appear to have established a loose political hegemony over the existing tribes in the region, or at least to have played the leading role in a series of major invasions of the empire launched by a grand coalition of lower Danubian tribes from ca.

Many went to Nicaea, where Theodore Lascaris set up an imperial court, or to Epirus, where Theodore Angelus did the same ; others fled to Trebizond, where one of the Comneni had already with Georgian support established an independent seat of empire.

Beria's downfall led to the collapse of his " empire "; the powers of the MVD was curtailed, and the KGB was established.

However, many new colonies were established after this time, including the German colonial empire and Belgian colonial empire.

Through an empire, colonialism is established and capitalism is expanded, on the other hand a capitalist economy naturally enforces an empire.

The Cao Wei empire is established.

1648 ; i. e. after the Thirty Years ' War, in France and the French colonial empire, until established as the national language during the French Revolution of 1789 and subsequently multinational in all nations in or formerly in the various French Empires.

An imperial political structure is established and maintained in two ways: ( i ) as a territorial empire of direct conquest and control with force ( direct, physical action to compel the emperor's goals ), and ( ii ) as a coercive, hegemonic empire of indirect conquest and control with power ( the perception that the emperor can physically enforce his desired goals ).

The Orthodox Church traces its development back through the Byzantine or Roman empire, to the earliest church established by St. Paul and the Apostles.

This text recounts a prophetic dream by Nebuchadnezzar, in which the previous empires had been Babylonian, Persian, Grecian and Roman ; the last empire, they concluded, would be established by the returning Jesus as King of kings and Lord of Lords to reign with his saints on earth for a thousand years.

By 141 BC the Parthians had established themselves as an empire, after the Seleucid model, and had conquered all of Iran and Mesopotamia.

Led by Ghengis Khan, the Mongols were a group of steppe nomads that established a decentralized empire that, at its height, extended from China in the east to Black and Baltic seas in Europe.

Spain established a vast empire in the Americas, stretching from California to Patagonia, and colonies in the western Pacific.

The Taifa kingdoms lost ground to the Christian realms in the north and, after the loss of Toledo in 1085, the Muslim rulers reluctantly invited the Almoravides, who invaded Al-Andalus from North Africa and established an empire.

The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who established an empire at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around the 18th century BC, which reached its height during the mid-14th century BC under Suppiluliuma I, encommpassing an area that included most of Asia Minor as well as parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia.

Theodosius I made Christianity the state religion of the empire in 391, and by the 5th century it was well established.

A burgeoning worldwide colonial empire was established from the 16th century.

Both the biblical and Assyrian sources speak of a massive deportation of people from Israel and their replacement with settlers from other parts of the empire – such population exchanges were an established part of Assyrian imperial policy, a means of breaking the old power structure-and the former Israel never again became an independent political entity.

The empire dominated all of Southern India and fought off invasions from the five established Deccan Sultanates.