The Kazakh Khanate was founded in 1465 on the banks of Zhetysu ( literally means seven rivers ) in the south eastern part of present Republic of Kazakhstan by Janybek Khan and Kerey Khan.

During the reign of Kasym Khan ( 1511 – 1523 ), the Kazakh Khanate expanded considerably.

The Kazakh Khanate did not always have a unified government.

At that point, the Kazakh Khanate ceased to exist.

# Kazakh Khanate ( 1456 )

Nomadic empires that have held power in the region since are chronologically, the Xiongnu tribes, Uighur Empire, Turkic Kaganate, Kara-Khanid Khanate, Great Seljuk Empire, Mongol Empire, Golden Horde, and the Kazakh Khanate.

After the Bolshevik seizure of power in the October Revolution, a short lived Khorezm People ’ s Soviet Republic ( later the Khorezm SSR ) was created out of the territory of the old Khanate of Khiva, before in 1924 it was finally incorporated into the Soviet Union, with the former Khanate divided between the new Turkmen SSR, Uzbek SSR amd Karakalpakstan ASSR ( initially part of Kazakh ASSR as Karakalpak Oblast ).

File: Kazakh Khanate. svg | Alleged flag of the Kazakh Khanate

By the 16th century the city's territory had been absorbed into the Kazakh Khanate.

Another lineage of the Borjigin-Khiyat family ruled Kazakh Khanate and Moghulistan until 18th century.

***** Kazakh Khanate

Here, however, Shaybani oppressed the local Kazakhs, resulting in a war between Moghulistan and the Kazakh Khanate.

In 1508-09, he carried out many raids northward, pillaging the land of the Kazakh Khanate.

Russian Turkestan () was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire ( administered as a Krai or Governor-Generalship ), comprising the oasis region to the south of the Kazakh steppes, but not the protectorates of the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva.

At times it became a symbolic Kazakh political centre, but by the early 19th century it was a marginal frontier town under the control of the Uzbek Khanates further south, lastly under the Khanate of Kokand.

Janybek ( or Janibek, Zhanibek, Jani Beg ) Khan () was a co-leader of a new Kazakh Khanate, following a successful rebellion against the Uzbek Khan Abu ' l-Khayr Khan in 1465 and 1466.

Kasym Khan () was the leader of the Kazakh Khanate from about 1511 to 1523.

He was the son of Janybek who created the Kazakh Khanate by gaining their independence from Abu ' l-Khayr Khan.

The people of the steppes of Central Asia have historically been nomadic people but a unifying state was established in Central Asia in the 16th century: The Kazakh Khanate.

* 2006 – The first Kazakh space satellite, KazSat is launched.

The adjective to describe people or things from Kazakhstan is Kazakh ( though the US State Department uses Kazakhstani ).

Kyrgyz consular representation in Greece is made by the Kazakh consulate in Athens.

The word is also common for Turkic languages, such as Azerbaijani ( eşq ) and Kazakh ( ғашық ).

In the south of the plain, where permafrost is largely absent, rich grasslands that are an extension of the Kazakh Steppe formed the original vegetation-most of it is not visible anymore.

The Second East Turkistan Republic was a Soviet puppet Communist state which existed from 1944 to 1949 in what is now Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture.

Bowed instruments may have originated in the equestrian cultures of Central Asia, an example being the Kobyz () or kyl-kobyz is an ancient Turkic, Kazakh string instrument or Mongolian instrument Morin huur:

A common example is the Kazakh word for one: bir, pronounced.

Toktar Ongarbayuly Aubakirov (, born on July 27, 1946, in Karaganda, Kazakhstan ) is a retired Kazakh Air Force officer and a former cosmonaut ( Kazakh: ғарышкер ğarışker ).

Toktar Aubakirov was born on July 27, 1946 in Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, which is now Kazakhstan.

Astana ( Russian /, formerly known as Akmola ( Kazakh: Ақмола / Aqmola, until 1998 ), Целиноград / Tselinograd until 1992 ) and Akmolinsk ( Russian: Акмолинск, until 1961 ), has been the capital of Kazakhstan since 1997, and is the country's second largest city ( after Almaty, the former capital ) with an officially estimated population of 708, 794 as of 1 August 2010.

The word Astana in Kazakh literally means Capital but the word itself originates from Persian Astane ( means " sublime threshold ," " royal porte " implying a royal capital city or a holy shrine town, ( from the Persian verb Istadan ( آستان ) ' to stand ' ( in respect )), and literally means " threshold " ( royal or sacred, where people stand in respect or awe ), implying where the court is seated ( the capital city ) or the body of a sacred person is interred ( a shrine town ).

The ethnonym Kazakh is from the same Turkic root.

Omsk is served by the Tsentralny Airport, which offers access to domestic and international ( primarily, German and Kazakh ) destinations, making the city an important aviation hub for Siberia and the Russian Far East.

The Irtysh River ( ; Kazakh: Ertis / Ертiс ; Chinese: É ' ěrqísī hé / 额尔齐斯河 ; Mongolian: Эрчис мөрөн, " Twirl "; ) is a river in Siberia and is the chief tributary of the Ob River.

Kazakh ( also Qazaq and variants, natively,, ; pronounced ) is a Turkic language which belongs to the Kipchak ( or Western Turkic ) branch of the Turkic languages, closely related to Nogai and Karakalpak.

Kazakh is an agglutinative language, and it employs vowel harmony.

Kazakh is the official state language of Kazakhstan, in which nearly 10 million speakers are reported to live ( based on the CIA World Factbook's estimates for population and percentage of Kazakh speakers ).

Today, Kazakh is written in Cyrillic in Kazakhstan and Mongolia, while the more than one million Kazakh-speakers in China use an Arabic-derived alphabet similar to that used to write Uyghur.

According to Qing scholar Wei Yuan, 40 % of the 600, 000 Zunghar people were killed by smallpox, 20 % fled to Russia or Kazakh tribes, and 30 % were killed by the army, in what Clarke described as " the complete destruction of not only the Zunghar state but of the Zunghars as a people.

* List of Kazakh historical figures

The Foundation Asyl Mura is archivating and publishing historical recordings of geat samples of Kazakh music both traditional and classical.

Orthographies with a high grapheme-to-phoneme correspondence ( excluding exceptions due to loan words and assimilation ) include those of Finnish, Albanian, Georgian, Turkish ( apart from ğ and various palatal and vowel allophones ), Serbo-Croatian ( Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian ), Bulgarian, Macedonian ( if the apostrophe is counted, though slight inconsistencies may be found ), Eastern Armenian ( apart from o, v ), Basque ( apart from palatalized l, n ), Haitian Creole, Castilian Spanish ( apart from h, x, b / v, and sometimes k, c, g, j, z ), Czech ( apart from ě, ů, y, ý ), Polish ( apart from ó, h, rz ), Romanian ( apart from distinguishing semivowels from vowels ), Ukrainian ( mainly phonemic with some other historical / morphological rules, as well as palatalization ), Swahili ( missing aspirated consonants, which do not occur in all varieties and are sparsely used anyways ), Mongolian ( apart from letters representing multiple sounds depending on front or back vowels, the soft and hard sign, silent letters to indicate / ŋ / from / n / and voiced versus voiceless consonants ) Azerbaijani ( apart from k ), and Kazakh ( apart from и, у, х, щ, ю ).

* a historical region within today's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, the section of Ili River basin within China

Other important historical sites in the city include a medieval bath-house and four other mausoleums, one dedicated to Timur's granddaughter and three to Kazakh khans ( rulers ).

* List of Kazakh historical figures

The continuance of the Kazakh nation and Central Asian Islamic faith in modern times are testaments to the historical and cultural importance of Turkestan, with the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi at its center.