The Catholic Encyclopedia ( 1909 ) called this confusion a " distortion of the true facts " and suggested that it arose because the " Liber Pontificalis ", which at this point may be registering a reliable tradition, says that this Felix built a church on the Via Aurelia, which is where the Roman martyr of an earlier date was buried.

He also drew on Josephus's Antiquities, and the works of Cassiodorus, and there was a copy of the Liber Pontificalis in Bede's monastery.

The Liber Pontificalis ( Latin for Book of the Popes ) is a book of biographies of popes from Saint Peter until the 15th century.

The original publication of the Liber Pontificalis stopped with Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) or Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ), but it was later supplemented in a different style until Pope Eugene IV ( 1431 – 1447 ) and then Pope Pius II ( 1458 – 1464 ).

Although quoted virtually uncritically from the 8th to 18th century, the Liber Pontificalis has undergone intense modern scholarly scrutiny as an " unofficial instrument of pontifical propaganda.

" Some scholars have even characterized the Liber Pontificalis, like the works of Pseudo-Isidore and the Donation of Constantine, as a tool used by the medieval papacy to represent itself " as a primitive institution of the church, clothed with absolute and perpetual authority.

The title Liber Pontificalis goes back to the 12th century, although it only became current in the 15th century, and the canonical title of the work since the edition of Duchesne in the 19th century.

Rabanus Maurus ( left ) was the first to attribute the Liber Pontificalis to Jerome | Saint Jerome.

Martin of Opava continued the Liber Pontificalis into the 13th century.

Eusebius of Caesarea may have continued the Liber Pontificalis into the 4th century.

The modern interpretation, following that of Louis Duchesne, who compiled the major scholarly edition, is that the Liber Pontificalis was gradually and unsystematically compiled, and that the authorship is impossible to determine, with a few exceptions ( e. g. the biography of Pope Stephen II ( 752 – 757 ) to papal " Primicerius " Christopher ; the biographies of Pope Nicholas I and Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) to Anastasius ).

Duchesne and others have viewed the beginning of the Liber Pontificalis up until the biographies of Pope Felix III ( 483 – 492 ) as the work of a single author, who was a contemporary of Pope Anastasius II ( 496-498 ), relying on Catalogus Liberianus, which in turn draws from the papal catalogue of Hippolytus of Rome, and the Leonine Catalogue, which is no longer extant.

Most scholars believe the Liber Pontificalis was first compiled in the 5th or 6th century.

Because of the use of the vestiarium, the records of the papal treasury, some have hypothesized that the author of the early Liber Pontificalis was a clerk of the papal treasury.

Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire ( 1788 ) summarised the scholarly consensus as being that the Liber Pontificalis was composed by " apostolic librarians and notaries of the viii < sup > th </ sup > and ix < sup > th </ sup > centuries " with only the most recent portion being composed by Anastasius.

Duchesne and others believe that the author of the first addition to the Liber Pontificalis was a contemporary of Pope Silverius ( 536 – 537 ), and that the author of another ( not necessarily the second ) addition was a contemporary of Pope Conon ( 686 – 687 ), with later popes being added individually and during their reigns or shortly after their deaths.

The Liber Pontificalis originally only contained the names of the bishops of Rome and the durations of their pontificates.

Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) is the last pope for which there are extant manuscripts of the original Liber Pontificalis: the biographies of Pope John VIII, Pope Marinus I, and Pope Adrian III are missing and the biography of Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ) is incomplete.

It was only in the 12th century that the Liber Pontificalis was systematically continued, although papal biographies exist in the interim period in other sources.

Duchesne refers to the 12th century work by Petrus Guillermi in 1142 at the monastery of St. Gilles ( Diocese of Reims ) as the Liber Pontificalis of Petrus Guillermi ( son of William ).

Guillermi's version is mostly copied from other works with small additions or excisions from the papal biographies of Pandulf, nephew of Hugo of Alatri, which in turn was copied almost verbatim from the original Liber Pontificalis ( with the notable exception of the biography of Pope Leo IX ), then from other sources until Pope Honorius II ( 1124 – 1130 ), and with contemporary information from Pope Paschal II ( 1099 – 1118 to Pope Urban II ( 1088 – 1099 ).

Independently, the cardinal-nephew of Pope Adrian IV, Cardinal Boso intended to extend the Liber Pontificalis from where it left off with Stephen V, although his work was only published posthumously as the Gesta Romanorum Pontificum alongside the Liber Censuum of Pope Honorius III.

The two collections of papal biographies of the 15th century remain independent, although they may have been intended to be continuations of the Liber Pontificalis.

Theodor Mommsen's 1898 edition of the Liber Pontificalis terminates in 715.

Hilarius erected several churches and other buildings in Rome, for which the Liber Pontificalis, the main source for information about Hilarius, praises him.

According to Crowley in " Liber O ", success in this technique is signaled by physical exhaustion and " though only by the student himself is it perceived, when he hears the name of the God vehemently roared forth, as if by the concourse of ten thousand thunders ; and it should appear to him as if that Great Voice proceeded from the Universe, and not from himself.

The Liber Pontificalis also presents a list that makes Linus the second in the line of bishops of Rome, after Peter ; but at the same time it states that Peter ordained two bishops, Linus and Cletus, for the priestly service of the community, devoting himself instead to prayer and preaching, and that it was to Clement that he entrusted the Church as a whole, appointing him as his successor.

According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was Greek by birth ; however this is uncertain, and is disputed by modern western historians arguing that the authors of Liber Pontificalis confused him with that of the contemporary author Xystus who was Greek student of Pythagoreanism.

However, when Silverius returned to Italy, instead of holding a trial Belisarius handed him over to Vigilius, who according to The Liber Pontificalis banished Silverius to the desolate island Palmarola ( part of the Pontine Islands ), where he starved to death a few months later.

The notice about Felix in the Liber Pontificalis ascribes to him a decree that Masses should be celebrated on the tombs of martyrs (" Hic constituit supra memorias martyrum missas celebrare ").

Felix probably issued no such decree, but the compiler of the Liber Pontificalis attributed it to him because he made no departure from the custom in force in his time.

By his account, a possibly non-corporeal or " praeterhuman " being that called itself Aiwass contacted him and dictated a text known as The Book of the Law or Liber AL vel Legis, which outlined the principles of Thelema.

Liber AL vel Legis is the central sacred text of Thelema, written by Aleister Crowley, who claimed it was dictated to him by a discarnate entity named " Aiwass ".

In 853 his younger brother Alfred went to Rome, and according to contemporary references in the Liber Vitae of San Salvatore, Brescia, Æthelred accompanied him.

The Liber Pontificalis presents a list that makes Pope Linus the second in the line of bishops of Rome, with Peter as first ; but at the same time it states that Peter ordained two bishops, Linus and Pope Cletus, for the priestly service of the community, devoting himself instead to prayer and preaching, and that it was to Clement that he entrusted the Church as a whole, appointing him as his successor.

Most of what is known of him is derived from the Liber Pontificalis.

The Liber Pontificalis calls him a son of one Anastasius.

Liber lifted the lost boy to the stars ,” turning him into one of the stars of the constellation Vindemitor or Vindiatrix ( better known as Bootes ).

In order to defend himself from these accusations Orosius wrote Liber Apologeticus, in which he describes his motives for participating in the synod, he was invited by Saint Jerome, and rejects the accusation of heresy made against him.

", 2nd ed., I, 6 79 ), and at Rome in the seventh century the chapel of a deaconry was dedicated to him (" Liber Pont.

Given that the Liber historiae Francorum admits four years for Chlothar's reign, it remains possible that Chlothar began to exert some real authority when his mentors deemed him an adult, 669.

The Liber Pancrisi ( c. 1120 ) names him, with Ivo of Chartres and William of Champeaux, as one of the three modern masters.

" The Liber Pontificalis, which is held to draw from sources independent of the existing traditions and Acta regarding Lawrence, uses passus est concerning him, the same term it uses for Pope Sixtus II ( martyred by beheading during the same persecution ).

Philo regards the Bible as the source not only of religious revelation, but also of philosophic truth ; for, according to him, the Greek philosophers also have borrowed from the Bible: Heraclitus, according to " Quis Rerum Divinarum Heres Sit " § 43 ; Zeno, according to Quod Omnis Probus Liber, § 8.

A brief text entitled The Book of Babalon, or Liber 49, was written by Jack Parsons as a transmission from the goddess or force called Babalon received by him during the Babalon Working.

Two later Guelph Tuscan histories, the Liber Jani de Procida et Palialoco and the Leggenda di Messer Gianni di Procida, possibly relying on the Rebellamentu or the Rebellamentus lost source, follow it in stressing John's involvement, but they portray him in a more critical light.

The Tuscan Liber turns the rape story around, suggesting the Sicilian woman had pulled a knife on her French suitor when his friends came to aid him.