The highest density of swamps is in that part of the county that is most populated by the Lumbee Indian Tribe, recognized by the state of North Carolina.

Since World War II many Lumbee Indian families have moved northward from Robeson County and now constitute a significant element of the population that is otherwise European and African-American.

The town is the tribal seat of the Lumbee Indian Tribe of North Carolina as well as the home of The University of North Carolina at Pembroke.

Pembroke is the tribal seat of the Lumbee Indian Tribe of North Carolina, the largest Native American tribe east of the Mississippi River, the ninth largest tribal nation, and the largest non-reservation, not federally recognized and without benefits, state-recognized tribe in the United States.

* Chris Chavis, a Lumbee Indian, is a professional wrestler better known as, " Tatanka " and " The War Eagle ", and is a former member of the World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ).

* Karen I. Blu, " The Lumbee Problem: The Making of an American Indian ", University of Nebraska Press, 2001

One of his clients was the Lumbee Indian Tribe of North Carolina, which is seeking federal status from Congress and $ 77 million in funding for education, health care and economic development that would come with recognition.

Jamie Oxendine ( Lumbee ) poses with U. S. Congresswoman Marcy Kaptur during the opening of the National Museum of the American Indian, 2004

4656, passed by Congress in late May 1956 and signed by President Dwight David Eisenhower, recognized the Lumbee as having Native American origins and being an Indian people.

On October 22, 2009, the United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs approved a bill for federal recognition of the Lumbee.

The Lumbee Problem: The Making of an American Indian People.

* Sider, Gerald M. Living Indian Histories: Lumbee and Tuscarora People in North Carolina.

*" Lumbee Language and the Lumbee Indian Culture ", Native Languages

In 1940, she and a sister went to Pembroke, North Carolina to conduct some research among the Lumbee tribe, again with financial backing from the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

The Lumbee, a group which appeared to organize from a variety of peoples on the North Carolina frontier in the 19th century, achieved state recognition as Croatan Indian after Reconstruction.

* Karen I. Blu, " The Lumbee Problem: The Making of an American Indian ", University of Nebraska Press, 2001

Oxendine is of Lumbee heritage, an Indian tribe from North Carolina.

Like the Lumbee, after 1877 and the end of Reconstruction, the Haliwa spent the late 19th century fighting for separate Indian schools.

Deese, a 1 / 2 Lumbee Indian was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on December 14, 1921.

James Deese's father was Thomas D. Deese, a full-blooded Lumbee Indian whose parents, James M. Deese and Sarah Jane Chavis were from Burnt Swamp N. C. Deese's mother, Serene Jane Johnson was from Wisconsin.

The TNOFC maintain separate membership enrollment from, and are not part of, the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina.

Due to its heritage as an institution founded for the benefit of Native Americans and support from the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, the school has largely been immune to the ongoing controversies related to Native American-themed nicknames and mascots.

“ The Lumbee: ‘ Not a Tribe .’ The Nation.

* Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, Official Web Site

* Lumbee Tribe of Cheraw Indians ( Lumbee Regional Development Association Inc., Lumbee Tribe, Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina ).

** Armed Lumbee Indians confront a handful of Klansmen in Maxton, North Carolina.

Local Native American Lumbee guides helped Sherman's army cross the Lumber River, which was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina.

The County has a high proportion of Lumbee, who have been recognized as a Native American tribe by the state of North Carolina.

The Lumbee comprise roughly one-half the state of North Carolina's Native American population of 84, 000 with a population of 52, 614, and live in Robeson, Hoke, Scotland, and Cumberland counties.

Following the precedent set by the Croatan ( now Lumbee ) of Robeson County, the Coharie established a semi-independent school system, for which North Carolina retained some oversight.

In 2007, she sponsored legislation which would have granted federal recognition of a North Carolina Native American tribe, the Lumbee based in Robeson County.

The Lumbee are one of eight state-recognized Native American tribes in North Carolina.

In 1885 the Lumbee of Robeson County were recognized by the State of North Carolina under the name Croatan Indians.

The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is the only federally recognized tribe in North Carolina, and it has opposed Lumbee efforts to gain federal recognition.

Land patents and deeds filed with the colonial administrations of Virginia, North and South Carolina during this period show that individuals now claimed as Lumbee ancestors migrated from Virginia, where they were born, into southern North Carolina in colonial times along the typical routes of migration with other pioneers from Virginia.

The Lumbee Act designated the Indians of Robeson, Hoke, Scotland, and Cumberland counties as the " Lumbee Indians of North Carolina.

Some of the North Carolina delegation recommended an amendment to the 1956 Act that would enable the Lumbee to apply to the Department of Interior under the regular process for recognition.

In 2007 North Carolina Senator Elizabeth Dole introduced the Lumbee Recognition Act.

Relying on oral traditions among some Lumbee, Oxendine claimed that the Lumbee were the descendants of Cherokee warriors who fought with the British under Colonel John Barnwell of South Carolina against the Tuscarora in the campaign of 1711-13.

In 1885, Hamilton McMillan wrote that Lumbee ancestor James Lowrie received sizeable land grants early in the century and by 1738 possessed combined estates of more than two thousand acres ( 8 km² ).

The first land grants to documented individuals claimed as Lumbee ancestors did not take place until more than a decade later, in the 1750s.