The position of Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians was created in 1985 as a portfolio in the Canadian Cabinet.

As the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development is officially responsible only for Status Indians and largely with those living on Indian reserves, the new position was created in order provide a liaison between the federal government and Métis and non-status Aboriginal peoples, urban Aboriginals and their representatives.

This area now consists of the provinces of Manitoba ( admitted after negotiation between Canada and a Métis provisional government in 1870 ), Saskatchewan, and Alberta ( both created in 1905 ), as well as the Northwest Territories, the Yukon Territory ( created 1898, following the start of the Klondike Gold Rush ), and Nunavut ( created in 1999 ).

A number of factors have created the misconception that the Cree and Métis were acting in unison.

The National Indian Council was created in 1961 to represent Indigenous people, including treaty / status Indians, non-status Indians, the Métis people, though not the Inuit.

The position of Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians was created in 1985 as a portfolio in the Canadian Cabinet.

As the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development is officially responsible only for Status Indians and largely with those living on Indian reserves, the new position was created in order to provide a liaison between the federal government and Métis and non-status Aboriginal peoples, urban Aboriginals and their representatives.

Thomas Dale Jackson, OC ( born 27 October 1948 ), is a Canadian born Métis actor and singer perhaps best known for the annual series of Christmas concerts, called the Huron Carole, which he created and starred in for 18 years.

Later, the mixture of these native peoples with French fur traders created a new cultural group, the Métis.

In 1918, the French created the " école africaine de médecine " ( African medical school ), mostly to serve white and Métis students but also open to the small educated elite of the four free towns of Senegal with nominal French citizenship.

The Métis Population Betterment Act was an Act of the Government of Alberta in Canada, which created a committee of members of the Métis and the government to plot out lands for allocation to the Métis.

The Métis were created as a people by the interactions of White fur trading agents with First Nations communities.

As a response to Métis dispossession and impoverishment, the government of Alberta created twelve Métis settlements in 1938 by way of the Métis Population Betterment Act.

They organized a newly formed coalition called The Métis provisional government with Pierre Parenteau as President and Gabriel Dumont as adjutant-general to action.

* Petequakey (‘ Comes to Us With the Sound of Wings ’, better known as Isidore Cayen dit Boudreau, Chief of the Parklands or Willow Cree at Muskeg Lake, born in St. Boniface, Manitoba, as son of Pierre Narcisse Cayen dit Boudreau and Adelaide Catherine Arcand (‘ Kaseweetin ’), though he was a Métis he became chief of the Willow Cree an the Métis, who were living with the Cree, brother and counselor of chief Kee-too-way-how ( a. k. a. Alexander Cayen dit Boudreau ), after Kee-too-way-how had left the reserve on the Muskeg Lake to live around Batoche, became Petequakey chief ( 1880 – 1889 ) of the remaining Cree and Métis living in the reserve, he participated on 26 March 1885 along with the Métis leader Gabriel Dumont at the battle at Duck Lake, thereafter he led his tribal group to St. Laurent to participate in the defense of Batoche, one of the largest Métis settlements and the seat of the Saskatchewan's provisional government during the rebellion )

He was adjutant general in the provisional Métis government declared in the District of Saskatchewan in 1885, and commanded the Métis forces in the North-West Rebellion or North West Resistance of 1885.

The Red River Rebellion or Red River Resistance was the sequence of events related to the 1869 establishment of a provisional government by the Métis leader Louis Riel and his followers at the Red River Colony, in what is now the Canadian province of Manitoba.

Given the unrest and absence of a clear authority, the Métis National Committee declared a provisional government on December 8.

The Métis provisional government

Nevertheless, Macdonald had decided before the provisional government was established that Canada must negotiate with the Métis.

Jackson became personal secretary to Louis Riel when Riel returned to Canada in 1884, and the two began to organize a Métis militia and provisional government.

In the spring of 1885, the Métis living in the District of Saskatchewan formed a provisional government under Louis Riel, taking control of the area around Batoche.

The act was adopted by Parliament in response to the Métis ' concerns of the provisional government led by Louis Riel.

Manitoba had entered Canadian Confederation as the result of negotiations between Canada and a provisional Métis government headed by Louis Riel.

John Bruce ( or Brousse ) ( 1837 – 26 October 1893 ) was the first president of the Métis provisional government at the Red River Colony during the Red River Rebellion of 1869.

The battle proved to be a success for the Métis forces in that bloodied Middleton's nose and stalled the Canadian advance on Batoche, Saskatchewan ; capital of Louis Riel's provisional government, for another two weeks.

While the Métis under Louis Riel declared a provisional government and mobilized their forces, Cree chief Big Bear was not planning any militarization or violence toward the Canadian settlers or government.

* 1885 – North-West Rebellion: the four-day Battle of Batoche, pitting rebel Métis against the Canadian government, comes to an end with a decisive rebel defeat.

* May 9 – May 12 – Battle of Batoche: Canadian government forces inflict a decisive defeat on Métis rebels.

The Métis and the Anglo-Métis ( commonly known as Countryborn, children of First Nations women and Orcadian, Scottish or English men ), joined forces to stand up for their rights and to protect their age-old way of life against an aggressive and distant Anglo-Saxon government and its local colonizing agents.

During this time the Canadian government signed treaties ( known as the " Numbered Treaties ") with various First Nations ( but not Métis ), which turned over rights to almost the entire western plains to the Government of Canada.

Emerging as a Métis leader was the educated Louis Riel, who denounced the government in a speech delivered in late August 1869 from the steps of Saint-Boniface Cathedral.

The Métis became more fearful when the Canadian government appointed the notoriously anti-French William McDougall as the Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories on September 28, 1869, in anticipation of a formal transfer to take effect in December.

The Alberta government would pass the Métis Population Betterment Act in 1938.

The act provided funding and land to the Métis ( The provincial government later rescinded portions of the land in certain areas ).

In 1990, land titles passed from the Alberta government to Métis communities through the " Métis Settlement Act ", replacing the Métis Betterment Act.

In 1884 the Métis ( including the Anglo-Métis ) asked Louis Riel to return from the United States, where he had fled after the Red River Rebellion, to appeal to the government on their behalf.

Angered by what seemed to be unfair treaties and the withholding of vital provisions by the Canadian government, and also by the dwindling buffalo population, their main source of food, Big Bear and his Cree decided to rebel after the successful Métis victory at Duck Lake.

On April 24, 1885 at Fish Creek, Saskatchewan, 200 Métis achieved a remarkable victory over a superior government force numbering 900 soldiers who were sent to quell the rebellion.

" Based on this definition, it is estimated that there are 350, 000 to 400, 000 Métis Nation citizens in Canada, although many Métis classify anyone as Métis who can prove that an ancestor applied for money scrip or land scrip as part of nineteenth-century treaties with the Canadian government.

"), the Métis loosened the HBC's previous control of the courts, which had enforced their monopoly on the settlers of Red River.

The University of Manitoba reaches into Aboriginal communities to talk to potential students at a much younger age through Curry Biz Camp, which fosters entrepreneurship among young First Nations and Métis students.

* Kee-too-way-how (‘ Sounding With Flying Wings ’, better known as Alexander Cayen dit Boudreau, Chief of the Parklands or Willow Cree at Muskeg Lake, born 1834 St. Boniface, Manitoba, son of Pierre Narcisse Cayen dit Boudreau and Adelaide Catherine Arcand (‘ Kaseweetin ’), though he was of Métis descent he became chief of the Willow Cree and the Métis, who were living with the Cree, brother of Petequakey (‘ Isidore Cayen dit Boudreau ’), lived along Duck Lake, signed 1876 Treaty 6 and settled in a reserve at Muskeg Lake-that was later named after his brother Petequakey-but left the reserve in 1880 and lived again in the following years close to St. Laurent de Grandin mission, played a prominent role during the Northwest Rebellion of 1885 in which he participated in every battle, served also as an emissary of the Métis leader Gabriel Dumont to ask the Assiniboine for support, on 23 May 1885 he also submitted the declaration of surrender of Pitikwahanapiwiyin (' Poundmaker ') to General Middleton, was captured on the 1st June 1885, in the subsequent trial of Kee-too-way-how at Regina, Louis Cochin testified that he and the carters in the camp of Pitikwahanapiwiyin survived only thanks to the intercession by Kee-way-too-how and its people, despite the positive testimony, he was on 14 August 1885 sentenced to imprisonment for seven years for his involvement in the Métis rebellion, died 1886 ).

They pushed for land to be allotted in the square concession system of English Canada, rather than the seigneurial system of strips reaching back from a river which the Métis were familiar with in their French-Canadian culture.

When the Cree initiated violence in the spring of 1885, it was almost certainly unrelated to the revolt of Riel and the Métis ( which was already underway ).

To be of practical use in a historical and prehistorical context, some argue further that the term " Native American " should be applied so that it spans the entire range from the Clovis culture ( which cannot be positively assigned to any contemporary tribal group ) to the Métis, a group of mixed ancestry who only came into being as a consequence of European contact, yet constitute a distinct cultural entity.

The two communities inter-married, which resulted in a significant portion of the population of Acadia being Métis.

The stream was used by fur traders, including the Métis people, and by the settlers of the Red River Colony, the primary settlement of which eventually became Winnipeg, Manitoba.

* Aboriginal peoples in Canada, which comprise the First Nations, the Inuit, and the Métis

He was recognized as a leader of the Métis people, and became involved in the bitter struggle between the Nor ' westers and the Hudson's Bay Company stemming from the Pemmican Proclamation, which forbade anyone from exporting pemmican from the Red River Colony.

By 1816, the violence intensified between the Métis and the newcomers, which resulted in the Battle of Seven Oaks, causing the deaths of 25 of Lord Selkirk's men, including the newly appointed governor.

They took the survey to be a forerunner of increased Canadian migration to the territory, which the Métis perceived as a threat to their way of life — more specifically, they feared losing their farms.

His many years of service to Indians and Métis in Saskatchewan culminated in his election as Chief of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians, which has revolutionized Indian education in his province.

They could vote in parliamentary elections, which had been previously dominated by white and Métis residents of Senegal.

Early European settlers ( French and Métis voyageurs ) brought French chansons, which they sang while traveling along their fur trade routes.

There has also been a host of arguments against sovereignty which claim that the movement ignores the fact that Quebec is, in its very essence, a state largely made up of multi-generational immigrants-and as such, a claim to state sovereignty ignores the fact that First Nations, existed with their own social orders and economies prior to the creation of Quebec, and that since the colonial era Francophone governments, as a part of assimilation and colonization, have at times chosen to strategically ignore, suppress, include, or appropriate the desires, cultures, and struggles of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis people in order to advance a eurocentric version of sovereignty.

The town is also 12. 6 % Métis, which is well above the provincial average of 0. 6 %.

Originally from Ouanne in the Burgundy region, he exchanged property he owned on the Île d ' Orléans with Augustin Rouer de la Cardonnière for the Seigneurie of Rimouski, which extended along the St. Lawrence River from the Hâtée River at Le Bic to the Métis River.

This, and the arrival of Canadian surveyors, led to the Red River Rebellion in which a Provisional Government and Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia was established by Métis leader Louis Riel to negotiate the admission of the District as a province of Canada.

Over the years, Hudson's Bay traders, and their Métis descendants establish and maintain several settlements in the western Great Lakes, notably two which develop into Sault Ste.