Also Severus Alexander ( 3rd c. AD ) had an imitation of the Macedonian phalanx of 30, 000 " phalangarii " and with this he won many victories in the Persian wars.

With the end of the Macedonian wars – which ran concurrently with the Punic Wars – and the defeat of the Seleucid King Antiochus III the Great in the Roman – Syrian War ( Treaty of Apamea, 188 BC ) in the eastern sea, Rome emerged as the dominant Mediterranean power and one of the most powerful cities in classical antiquity.

Not only were they contending with Hannibal in Italy, and his brother Hasdrubal in Hispania, but Rome had embroiled itself in yet another foreign war, the first of its Macedonian wars against Carthage's ally Philip V, at the same time.

* The early wars between the Macedonian Slavs and the Byzantines ( from medieval sources )

The return of the “ Macedonian syndrome ,” as Myron Weiner ( 1971 ) has called the intermingling of ethnic conflict and irredentist wars, explains such recurrent patterns of war much better than any variant of globalization theory.

The Ottoman High Command repeated the error of previous wars in neglecting the established command structure and creating new superior commands, the Eastern Army and Western Army, reflecting the division of the operational theater between the Thracian ( against the Bulgarians ) and Macedonian ( against Greeks, Serbs and Montenegrins ) fronts.

The successful Macedonian attacks terrorized the tribes around the Danube, the autonomous Thracian tribes sent tributes for peace, Alexander was satisfied with his operations and accepted peace because of his greater wars in Asia.

He participated in the wars of the Diadochi as a supporter of the Macedonian Argead royal house.

In the 330s BCE, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered the region, and the region changed hands numerous times during the wars of the Diadochi.

As early as the time of the Roman – Macedonian wars, this city was known as a base from which the Macedonian king Perseus of Macedon set out to conquer the Penestian cities.

" Philip then decides to send Alexander to the Macedonian capital, Pella, as a regent to rule the city while Philip is away fighting wars.

This combination of cavalry and infantry helped to break enemy lines and were used effectively to dominate the opponents of the Macedonian Kingdom.

Both censuses were observed by international experts due to the sensitive issue regarding the ethnic distribution ( i. e. of Macedonian or Albanian origin ).

Nevertheless, before the establishment of a literary standard of Macedonian in 1944, in most sources in and out of Bulgaria before the Second World War, the southern Slavonic dialect continuum covering the area of today's Republic of Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian dialects.

It is remarkable that the Macedonian converts were, as a class, very poor ( 2 Cor.

This state of affairs changed when Photius's patrons, Bardas and Emperor Michael III, were murdered in 866 and 867, respectively, by Basil the Macedonian, who now usurped the throne.

Here the Greeks were in competition not only with the Ottomans but also with the Bulgarians, engaged in an armed propaganda struggle for the hearts and minds of the ethnically mixed local population, the so-called " Macedonian Struggle ".

In addition, at least 25, 000 Greeks and an unspecified number of Macedonian Slavs were either voluntarily or forcibly evacuated to Eastern bloc countries, while 700, 000 became displaced persons inside the country.

" During that same year, the Greek cities in Sicily were induced to revolt against Roman political control, while the Macedonian king, Philip V, pledged his support to Hannibal – thus initiating the First Macedonian War against Rome.

During the Third Macedonian War, thirty-five vessels allied to Rome, carrying about 1, 000 Galatian troops, as well as a number of horses, were sent by Eumenes II to his brother Attalus.

Eumenes ' officers at first thought the intercepting fleet were friendly Romans, but scattered upon realizing they were facing an attack by their Macedonian enemy, some choosing to abandon ship and swim to Erythrae.

The Macedonian cavalry fought in wedge formation and was stationed on the far right ; after these broke through the enemy lines they were followed by the hypaspists, elite infantrymen who served as the king's bodyguard, and then the phalanx proper.

Some Roman emperors were great admirers of Alexander of Macedon and attempted to imitate the Macedonian Phalanx.

Prior to the codification of the standard language ( Standard Macedonian ), Macedonian dialects were described by linguists as being either dialects of Bulgarian or Serbian.

While it is often claimed that Standard Macedonian was codified on the base of those dialects ( i. e. the Prilep-Bitola dialect ) which were most unlike Bulgarian, this interpretation stems from the works of Krste Misirkov who suggested that Standard Macedonian should abstract on those dialects " most distinct from the standards of the other Slavonic languages ".

On 13 September 2011, Macedonian forces were filmed fighting alongside U. S troops as they successfully repelled a Taliban attack on the ISAF headquarters in Kabul.

It was common among the Macedonian upper class at the time of Alexander the Great, and there were several of this name among Alexander's army, one of whom made himself King of Egypt in 323 BC: Ptolemy I Soter.

In the article “ Bellum Philippicum: Some Roman and Greek Views Concerning the Causes of the Second Macedonian War ”, E. J. Bickerman writes that “ the causes of the fateful war … were vividly debated among both Greeks and Romans ”.

Most of the Greek republics were annexed to the Macedonian Empire of Alexander.

This civilization seems to have fallen into decline by the late Bronze Age, when, according to Herodotus, Macedonian tribes from the north marched into Peloponnese, where they were called Dorians and subjugating the local tribes, settled there.

The Albanian, Macedonian, Portuguese for Africa, Serbian, and English for the Caribbean services were closed ; the Russian, Ukranian, Mandarin Chinese, Turkish, Vietnamese, Azeri and Spanish for Cuba services ceased broadcasting a radio service and the Hindi, Indonesian, Kyrgyz, Nepali, Swahili, Kinyarwanda and Kirundi services ceased transmission on the short wave band.

Therefore, the letter was dropped in a series of orthographic reforms: in Serbian with the reform of Vuk Karadžić, which was later adopted for Macedonian, in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian roughly with the October revolution, and in Bulgarian and Rusyn as late as 1945.

By 339 after defeating the Thracians in series of battles, most of Thrace was firmly in Macedonian hands save the most eastern Greek coastal cities of Byzantium and Perinthus who successfully withstood the long and difficult sieges.

The Macedonian Struggle (, Macedonian Struggle ) was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts between Greeks and Bulgarians in the region of Ottoman Macedonia between 1904 and 1908.

From then until 1931, G. Sotiriadis carried out a series of surveys, uncovering a 4th-century BC Macedonian tomb and an early Christian basilica.

After reaching the Isthmus of Corinth, the Macedonian army found their march halted by a series of fortifications that Cleomenes had erected across the Isthmus.

At the start of the 20th century, Greece was involved with the Macedonian Struggle, military conflicts against the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, and Turkish forces in Ottoman-occupied Macedonia.

While fighting Hannibal in Italy, Hispania, and Sicily, Rome simultaneously fought against Macedon in the First Macedonian War.

* King Cassander of Macedon ( one of the diadochoi (" successors "), the Macedonian generals who have fought over the empire of Alexander the Great after his death ) ( b. c. 358 BC )

The First Macedonian War ( 214 BC – 205 BC ) was fought by Rome, allied ( after 211 BC ) with the Aetolian League and Attalus I of Pergamon, against Philip V of Macedon, contemporaneously with the Second Punic War ( 218 – 201 BC ) against Carthage.

The Second Macedonian War ( 200 – 197 BC ) was fought between Macedon, led by Philip V of Macedon, and Rome, allied with Pergamon and Rhodes.

The Third Macedonian War ( 171 BC-168 BC ) was a war fought between Rome and King Perseus of Macedon.

And at first for a long while the battle was evenly poised because of the exceeding gallantry displayed on both sides, and as many were slain and still more wounded, the fortune of battle vacillated first one way then the other, being constantly swayed by the valorous deeds of the combatants ; but later as the horsemen pressed on from the flank and rear and Philip with the flower of his troops fought with true heroism, the mass of the Illyrians was compelled to take hastily to flight. When the pursuit had been kept up for a considerable distance and many had been slain in their flight, Philip recalled the Macedonians with the trumpet and erecting a trophy of victory buried his own dead, while the Illyrians, having sent ambassadors and withdrawn from all the Macedonian cities, obtained peace.

The Battle of Crannon ( 322 BC ), fought between the Macedonian forces of Antipater and Craterus and rebellious Greek forces led by the Athenians, was the decisive battle of the Lamian War.

In a pitched battle, the Companions usually fought on the right wing of the Macedonian army, next to the shield bearing guards, the Hypaspists, who would guard the right flank of the phalanx.

This battle was fought in 198 BC between the Macedonian armies of Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid Greeks of Coele-Syria, led by Antiochus III.

Unlike the other three Bulgarian revolutionary organizations active in the interwar period — the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation in Macedonia, the Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation in Thrace and the Internal Dobrujan Revolutionary Organization in Dobruja — IWORO did not put up the tactical slogan demanding autonomy for the region but fought “ for the liberation of the Western Outlands and their restoration to Bulgaria ”.

when the Roman Republic fought the First Macedonian War contemporaneously with the Second Punic War against Carthage.

In view of the massive Roman naval superiority, the war was fought on land, with the Macedonian fleet, already weakened at Chios, not daring to venture out of its anchorage at Demetrias.

A brilliant general, he fought in the Third Macedonian War and played a pivotal role in the Fourth.

The Chremonidean War ( Χρεμωνίδειος πόλεμος ) ( 267 BCE-261 BCE ) was fought by a coalition of Greek city-states against Macedonian domination.

From 1917, he fought in the Macedonian front of the First World War where he distinguished himself and was promoted to Major General.

Yasuj is the place where Alexander III of Macedon and his Macedonian forces stormed the Persian Gates (" Darvazeh-ye Fars "), and fought themselves a way into the Persian heartland ( 331 BC ).

The banks near the modern-day town of Biga were the site of the Battle of the Granicus, fought in 334 BC between the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great and the forces of the Persian Empire under Darius III.

The Battle of Crocus Field () ( also known as the " Battle of Volo ") was a battle in the Third Sacred War, fought between the armies of Phocis, under Onomarchos, and the combined Thessalian and Macedonian army under Philip II of Macedon.