* 1969 – Mariner program: Mariner 7 makes its closest fly-by of Mars ( 3, 524 kilometers ).

* 1962 – Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.

* Mariner program

* 1971 – Mariner program: Mariner 9 is launched to map 70 % of the surface, and to study temporal changes in the atmosphere and surface, of Mars.

The planned Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 vehicles evolved into Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 of the Voyager program, while the Viking 1 and Viking 2 Mars orbiters were enlarged versions of the Mariner 9 spacecraft.

Originally, a Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 were planned as part of the Mariner program, however, due to congressional budget cuts, the mission was scaled back to be a flyby of Jupiter and Saturn, and renamed the Mariner Jupiter-Saturn probes.

As the program progressed, the name was later changed to Voyager, as the probe designs began to differ greatly from previous Mariner missions.

simple: Mariner program

Category: Mariner program

* 1964 – Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 4 probe toward Mars.

* 1973 – Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 10 toward Mercury.

* Mariner program

* November 5 – Mariner program: Mariner 3, a U. S. space probe intended for Mars, is launched from Cape Kennedy but fails.

" An example of a so-called " Jonah " would be that of the sailor in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, who was cursed to be lost at sea after he killed an albatross.

Opium was for him what wandering and moral tale-telling became for the Mariner – the personal shape of repetition compulsion.

He finished Titus Groan and Gormenghast and completed some of his most acclaimed illustrations for books by other authors, including Lewis Carroll's Hunting of the Snark ( for which he was reportedly paid only £ 5 ) and Alice in Wonderland, Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, the Brothers Grimm's Household Tales, All This and Bevin Too by Quentin Crisp and Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, as well as producing many original poems, drawings, and paintings.

All of the Mariners launched after Mariner 2 had four solar panels for power, except for Mariner 10, which had two, and Mariner 2, which was based on the Ranger Lunar probe.

Mariner 1 ( designated Mariner R-1 ) was launched on July 22, 1962, but was destroyed approximately 5 minutes after liftoff by the Air Force Range Safety Officer when its malfunctioning Atlas-Agena rocket went off course.

Mariner 2 ( designated Mariner R-2 ) was launched on August 27, 1962, sending it on a 3½-month flight to Venus.

The mission was a success, and Mariner 2 became the first spacecraft to have flown by another planet.

Mariner 3 was lost when the launch vehicle's nose fairing failed to jettison.

Its sister ship, Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964, was the first successful flyby of the planet Mars and gave the first glimpse of Mars at close range.

rightThe Mariner 5 spacecraft was launched to Venus on June 14, 1967 and arrived in the vicinity of the planet in October 1967.

Mariner 6 was launched on February 24, 1969, followed by Mariner 7 on March 21, 1969.

rightMariner 8 and Mariner 9 were identical sister craft designed to map the Martian surface simultaneously, but Mariner 8 was lost in a launch vehicle failure.

Its identical sister craft, Mariner 9, was launched in May 1971 and became the first artificial satellite of Mars.

rightThe Mariner 10 spacecraft launched on November 3, 1973 and was the first to use a gravity assist trajectory, accelerating as it entered the gravitational influence of Venus, then being flung by the planet's gravity onto a slightly different course to reach Mercury.

* 1962 – The Mariner 2 unmanned space mission is launched to Venus by NASA.

* 1962 – NASA's Mariner 2 becomes the first spacecraft to fly by Venus.

On July 10, 1944, a U. S. Navy Martin PBM-3-D Mariner flying boat ( BuNo 48199 ), piloted by William Hines, had an engine fire and made a forced landing in the ocean offshore of Howland.

" In 1895, Andrew Lang reviewed the Letters of Coleridge in addition to Coleridge's Kubla Khan, Christabel and Rime of the Ancient Mariner, saying: " all these poems are ' miraculous ;' all seem to have been ' given ' by the dreaming ' subconscious self ' of Coleridge.

" Also in 1990, Thomas McFarland stated, " Judging by the number and variety of critical effort to interpret their meaning, there may be no more palpably symbolic poems in all of English literature than Kubla Khan and The Ancient Mariner.

* The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ( by Samuel Taylor Coleridge )

* Mariner 4 – Communications lost after bombardment by micrometeoroids.

The electrical power for the instruments and the radio transmitter of Mariner 4 was supplied by 28, 224 solar cells contained in the four 176 x 90 cm solar panels, which could provide 310 watts at the distance of Mars.

The images returned showed a Moon-like cratered terrain, which later missions showed was not typical for Mars, but only for the more ancient region imaged by Mariner 4.

Image: Mars ( Mariner 4 ). jpg | The first close-up image ever taken of Mars, this photo shows an area about 330 km across by 1200 km from limb to bottom of frame.

Others concluded that a search for life on Earth at kilometer resolution, using several thousand photographs, did not reveal a sign of life on the vast majority of these photographs ; thus, based on the 22 photographs taken by Mariner 4, one could not conclude there was no intelligent life on Mars.

* Mariner 4 Mission Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration

Before the Mariner 4 spacecraft arrived at Mars in July 1965 and dispelled some of the more exotic theories about the planet, the conventional image of Mars was shaped by the observations of the astronomers Giovanni Schiaparelli and Percival Lowell.

* 1974 – NASA's Mariner 10 becomes the first spaceprobe to fly by Mercury.

** The Mariner, played by Kevin Costner in the sci-fi film Waterworld

In the interstellar medium, sodium is identified by the D line ; though it has a high vaporization temperature, its abundance allowed it to be detected by Mariner 10 in Mercury's atmosphere.