As the name Asia came to be extended to other areas east of the Mediterranean, the name for Anatolian became specified as Asia Minor (" Lesser Asia ", Μικρὰ Ἀσία ) in Late Antiquity.

As Sargon extended his conquest from the " Lower Sea " ( Persian Gulf ), to the " Upper Sea " ( Mediterranean ), it was felt that he ruled " the totality of the lands under heaven ", or " from sunrise to sunset ", as contemporary texts put it.

In Greek, the adjective kyriak-ós /- ē /- ón means " belonging, or pertaining, to a Kýrios " (" Lord "), and the usage was adopted by early Christians of the Eastern Mediterranean with regard to anything pertaining to the Lord Jesus Christ: hence " Kyriakós oíkos " (" house of the Lord ", church ), " Kyriakē " (" day of the Lord ", i. e. Sunday ), or " Kyriakē proseukhē " ( the " Lord's prayer ").

Calling Marxism " a truly messianic Judaeo-Christian ideology ", Eliade writes that Marxism " takes up and carries on one of the great eschatological myths of the Middle Eastern and Mediterranean world, namely: the redemptive part to be played by the Just ( the ' elect ', the ' anointed ', the ' innocent ', the ' missioners ', in our own days the proletariat ), whose sufferings are invoked to change the ontological status of the world ".

People from the " contact cultures ", such as the Mediterranean or Latin America, may feel comfortable with closer distances whereas a British or Northern European person will need more space.

For several centuries the Mediterranean was a " Roman Lake ", surrounded on all sides by the empire.

* University " Mediterranean ", university located in Podgorica, Montenegro

" The Concept of Immortals in Mediterranean Antiquity ", Journal of Biblical Literature, Volume 94, 1975, pp 419 – 436

" The Myth of a Descending-Ascending Redeemer in Mediterranean Antiquity ", New Testament Studies, 22, 1975 / 76, pp 418 – 440

The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War, ( by the Romans ) The War Against Hannibal, or " The Carthaginian War ", lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean.

The Suez Canal ( ), also known by the nickname " The Highway to India ", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.

" A sea change: exotics in the eastern Mediterranean Sea ", in: Leppäkoski, E., Gollasch, S. and Olenin, S. ( eds ), Invasive aquatic species of Europe: distribution, impacts, and management, Dordrecht ; Boston: Kluwer Academic, ISBN 1-4020-0837-6, p. 325 – 336

Herodotus mentions that the Egyptian pharaoh Necho II ( 610 – 595 BC ) built triremes on the Nile, for service in the Mediterranean, and in the Red Sea, but this reference is disputed by modern historians, and attributed to a confusion, since " triērēs " was by the 5th century used in the generic sense of " warship ", regardless its type.

" Early wood " is used in preference to " spring wood ", as the latter term may not correspond to that time of year in climates where early wood is formed in the early summer ( e. g. Canada ) or in autumn, as in some Mediterranean species.

* Kreutz, Barbara M. ( 1973 ) " Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass ", Technology and Culture, 14 ( 3: July ), p. 367 – 383

* Corna, also called the " devil horns ", a hand gesture with a vulgar meaning in Mediterranean countries, also used in heavy metal music

When the Argo was driven ashore in the Gulf of Syrtes Minor, the crew carried the vessel to the " Tritonian Lake ", Lake Tritonis, whence Triton, the local deity euhemeristically rationalized by Diodorus Siculus as " then ruler over Libya ", welcomed them with a guest-gift of a clod of earth and guided them through the lake's marshy outlet back to the Mediterranean.

Ad Decimum ( Latin for " Ten Mile Post ", literally " at the tenth "), was simply a marker along the Mediterranean coast south of Carthage.

Globalist historians ( who believe Hitler had a master plan for conquering the world ) such as Andreas Hillgruber, Klaus Hildebrand and Gerhard Weinberg have argued that Hitler was never seriously interested in the " Mediterranean plan ", that his main priority was always the invasion of the Soviet Union, for which he ordered planning to start in July 1940, and that Hitler's interest in the " Mediterranean strategy " in late 1940 was only half-hearted at best.

The Greek historian Aristotle Kallis wrote that the best evidence suggests that in late 1940 Hitler was serious about carrying out Raeder's " Mediterranean plan ", but only within certain strict limits and conditions, and that he saw the " Mediterranean plan " as part of the preparations for Barbarossa by defeating Britain first.

* Trevor-Roper, H. R. " Fernand Braudel, the Annales, and the Mediterranean ," The Journal of Modern History, Vol.

" Renaissance Italy and the Muslim Mediterranean in Recent Historical Work ," Journal of Modern History ( March 2010 ), Vol.

Other publications of WHO include the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, the Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ( overseen by EMRO ), the Human Resources for Health ( published in collaboration with BioMed Central ), and the Pan American Journal of Public Health ( overseen by PAHO / AMRO ).

*" Fernand Braudel, the Annales, and the Mediterranean ," The Journal of Modern History Vol.

" A December 2009 article in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found a statistically significant inverse correlation between higher adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and stomach cancer.

As such, many public health journals have emerged with a specialized focus, such as in the area of policy ( e. g. Journal of Public Health Policy ), a specific region or country of the world ( e. g. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, Pan American Journal of Public Health or Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ), a specific intervention / practice area ( e. g. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention ), or other particular focus ( e. g. Human Resources for Health ).

Journal of Mediterranean Studies 12 ( 2 ), 327-350.

* 1990 " Responses to Critical Reviews of Black Athena: Volume I: in the Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3 / 1: 111-137.

* Mediterranean Journal for Research in Mathematics Education from January 2002

* Eysturlid, Lee W. "' Where Everything is Weighed in the Scales of Material Interest ': Anglo-Turkish Traden, Picary, and Diplomacy in the Mediterranean during the Jacobean Period ," Journal of European Economic History, Winter 1993, Vol.

In 2008, an article in the European Journal of Pediatrics discussed treatment of colchicine-resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever with anakinra.

* Tullio Scovazzi, " The Mediterranean Marine Mammals Sanctuary " plus Appendix Agreement on the Creation of a Mediterranean Sanctuary for Marine Mammals ( unofficial translation by F. Spadi ), The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol 16 ( 1 ), 2001

Programs and courses in comparative education are offered in many universities throughout the world, and relevant studies are regularly published in scholarly journals such as Comparative Education, International Review of Education, Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, International Education Journal, International Journal of Educational Development, Comparative Education Review, and Current Issues in Comparative Education.

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 2008.

Lewis Beale, of Film Journal International, writes, " It's a very Mediterranean atmosphere, in which everyone seems to love hard, hate with intensity and speak at the top of their lungs.

The Gulf Stream and its northern extension towards Europe, the North Atlantic Drift, for example, warms the atmosphere of the British Isles and north-western Europe and influences weather and climate as far south as the northern Mediterranean.

* 1943 – World War II: Operation Mincemeat: The submarine surfaces in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Spain to deposit a dead man planted with false invasion plans and dressed as a British military intelligence officer.

The Battle of the Nile ( also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay, in French as the Bataille d ' Aboukir or in Egyptian Arabic as معركة أبي قير البحرية ) was a major naval battle fought between British and French fleets at Aboukir Bay on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt from 1 – 3 August 1798.

As Bonaparte's fleet crossed the Mediterranean, it was pursued by a British force under Nelson, sent from the British fleet in the Tagus, to establish the purpose of the French expedition and defeat it.

However, the French Navy was dominant in the Mediterranean Sea, following the withdrawal of the British fleet after the outbreak of war between Britain and Spain in 1796.

This allowed Bonaparte to propose an invasion of Egypt as an alternative to confronting Britain directly, believing that the British would be too distracted by an imminent Irish uprising to intervene in the Mediterranean.

The effect on the strategic situation in the Mediterranean was immediate, reversing the balance of the conflict and giving the British control at sea that they maintained for the remainder of the war.

The destruction of the French Mediterranean fleet allowed the Royal Navy to return to the sea in force, as British squadrons set up blockades off French and allied ports.

In 1801 the demoralised remains of the French army in Egypt were defeated by a British Expeditionary Force ; the Royal Navy used their dominance in the Mediterranean to invade Egypt without the fear of ambush while anchored off the Egyptian coast.

The British Army created the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force in Egypt and sent it to Gallipoli in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Constantinople and secure a sea route to Russia.

The Australian Mounted Division was armed with swords and in September, after the successful breaching of the Ottoman line on the Mediterranean coast by the British Empire infantry XXI Corps was followed by cavalry attacks by the 4th Cavalry Division, 5th Cavalry Division and Australian Mounted Divisions which almost encircled two Ottoman armies in the Judean Hills forcing their retreat.

In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British 8th Army, commanded by General Bernard Law Montgomery.

* 1943 – World War II: The British destroyers and sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser.

* 1893 – The Royal Navy battleship accidentally rams the British Mediterranean Fleet flagship which sinks taking 358 crew with her, including the fleet's commander, Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon.

* 1882 – The British Mediterranean fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War.

On 23 April 1939 the Turkish Foreign Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu told the British Ambassador of his nation's fears of Italian claims of the Mediterranean as Mare Nostrum and German control of the Balkans, and suggested an Anglo-Soviet-Turkish alliance as the best way of countering the Axis.

Ribbentrop presented a proposal to Molotov where after the defeat of Britain, the Soviet Union would have India and the Middle East, Italy the Mediterranean area, Japan the British possessions in the Far East ( presuming of course that Japan would enter the war ), and Germany would take Central Africa and Britain itself.

At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with cameras and radar to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean.

A treaty with Japan in 1902 meant that ships could be withdrawn from East Asia, while the Entente with France in 1904 meant that Britain could concentrate on guarding Channel waters, including the French coast, while France would protect British interests in the Mediterranean.

* British Mediterranean Airways, an airline in the United Kingdom

Although the Royal Navy could not bring to bear the whole of its naval superiority ( most of the fleet was engaged in the Atlantic and Mediterranean ), the British Home Fleet still had a very large advantage in numbers.

Pytheas was not the first Mediterranean mariner to reach the British Isles.