After the Khitans left Mongolia the Shiwei Mongols rose to prominence, when from the 1130s there were reciprocally hostile relations between the successive khans of the Khamag Mongol confederation ( Khaidu, Khabul Khan and Ambaghai Khan ) and the emperors of the Jin dynasty.

Innocent IV would also send other missions to the Mongols in 1245: the mission of André de Longjumeau, the possibly aborted mission of Laurent de Portugal, and the mission of Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, which left on 16 April 1245 and would reach the Mongol capital Karakorum.

Piracy in South East Asia began with the retreating Mongol Yuan fleet after the betrayal by their Javanese allies ( who, incidentally, would found the empire of Majapahit after the Mongols left ).

But the Mongols voluntarily left the city after it was briefly held by them in 1236-38.

The wars with Champa and the Mongols left Vietnam exhausted and bankrupt.

The subjugation of the Hazarajat, the mountain fortresses of Ghor in particular, proved difficult for the Mongols after their conquest of the region, and ultimately Mongol military detachments left behind in the region “ adopted the language of the vanquished ”.

During the absence of Batu, the Mongols who were left behind put to death Mstislav, the prince of Rylsk, in the Ukraine.

Although Shinto priests attributed the two defeats of the Mongols to a " divine wind " or kamikaze, a sign of heaven's special protection of Japan, the invasion left a deep impression on the shogunate leaders.

When Qutuz saw the left wing of the Mamluk army almost destroyed by the desperate Mongols seeking an escape route, Qutuz threw away his combat helmet, so that his warriors could recognize him.

The Polish people, unaware of the reason why the Mongols left so suddenly, simply assumed that they had been defeated in battle.

Although the Dzungars were located west of the Eastern Mongols, the derivation of their name has been attributed to the fact that they represented the left wing of the Oirats.

After the fall of Pagan, the Mongols left the searing Irrawaddy valley but the Pagan Kingdom was irreparably broken up into several small kingdoms.

The Armenians fought with the Mongols ( left ) and vanquished the Mamluks ( right ) at the 1299 Battle of Wadi al-Khazanda | Battle of Homs.

Hethum II ( left ) parting from Ghazan and his Mongols in 1303 ( Hayton of Corycus # History of the Tartars | History of the Tatars )

He left Mongolia as the Quanzhen sect of Daoism gained the upper hand, but remet Genghis Khan when Mongols conquered Tangut shortly before the Khan's death.

When Jerome Velasco left The Mongols to study abroad, the other members of the band added The Teeth bassist Dok Sergio to their lineup and renamed their band Pupil.

On hearing of the Mongols ' successful attack, the citizens of Pest, who had been accusing the Cumans of cooperating with the Mongols, murdered Köten, the Khan of the Cumans ; therefore the enraged Cumans began to plunder the countryside and they left the country.

In 1238, when the Mongols first invaded Kyiv Rus and his elder brother Yuri was killed in battle, Yaroslav left Kiev for Vladimir, where he was crowned grand prince.

The result was complete panic, and, to ensure that the Hungarians did not fight to the last man, the Mongols left an obvious gap in their encirclement.

Some Pre-Adamite theorists held that Cain left his family for an inferior tribe described variously as " white Mongols ".

After the Mongols left Volga Bulgaria to conquer the Russians, the Bulgars rebelled, led by the nobility.

Other less significant ones include the Greeks, Scythians, Persians, White Huns, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, Buddhists, and other Eurasian groups, up to and including the British, who left in the late 1940s.

A huge army of Mongols led by Arghun Noyan attacked the southern Georgian province of Samtskhe, defeated the king and his spasalar ( general ) Sargis Jakeli of Samtskhe, but could not capture the rebels ’ main strongholds and left the country in June 1261.

Andrew's report to his sovereign, whom he rejoined in 1251 at Caesarea in the Palestine, appears to have been a mixture of history and fable ; the latter affects his narrative of the Mongols ' rise to greatness, and the struggles of their leader Genghis Khan with Prester John ; it is still more evident in the position assigned to the Mongols ' homeland, close to the prison of Gog and Magog.

The Mongols also used adhesives to make their short bows, and the Native Americans of the eastern United States used a mixture of spruce gum and fat as adhesives to fashion waterproof seams in their birchbark canoes.

Xiongnu, Tujue, Avars, Kipchaks, Mongols, Don Cossacks and the various Turkic peoples are also examples of the horse-mounted groups that managed to gain substantial successes in military conflicts with settled agrarian and urban societies, due to their strategic and tactical mobility.

The legacy of Genghis Khan has been contested between China, Mongolia, and Russia, all three states having significant numbers of ethnic Mongols within their borders, and holding territory that was conquered by Khan.

The Mongols would often raze entire cities to the ground in retaliation for the execution of their ambassadors, and invaded and destroyed the Khwarezmid Empire after their ambassadors had been mistreated.

During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols relied heavily on espionage in their conquests in Asia and Europe.

After the Mongols conquered China and founded the Yuan Dynasty, they used the Chinese gunpowder-based weapons technology in their invasion of Japan ; they also used gunpowder to fuel rockets.

Khan claims that it was invading Mongols who introduced gunpowder to the Islamic world and cites Mamluk antagonism towards early musketeers in their infantry as an example of how gunpowder weapons were not always met with open acceptance in the Middle East.

The commanders of the Hungarian Kingdom's army used different tactics, based on a recognition of their own and the enemies ' ( Holy Roman Empire, Pechenegs, Uzes, Cumans, Mongols, Byzantine Empire ) abilities and deficiencies.

The Mongols held Russia and Volga Bulgaria in sway from their western capital at Sarai, one of the largest cities of the medieval world.

Plano Carpin, an envoy of the Papal states, and William Rubruck, an envoy of France, all wrote about their life under the Mongols.

The Mongols ' invasion of Central Asia in the 13th century devastated the territory of Kyrgyzstan, costing its people their independence and their written language.

The Kuomintang incited anti Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang sentiments among Chinese Muslims and Mongols, encouraging for them to topple their rule during the Central Plains War.

In the late 900s, Mongols began to expand their territories at the expense of the Cumans, forcing them to move westwards.

Although the Mongols killed Henry and destroyed his forces, their advance into Europe was halted when they turned back to attend to the election of a new Khagan ( Grand Khan ) following the death in the same year of Ögedei Khan.

" During their 1241, 1257, and 1287 invasions, the Mongols burned major cities of Lesser Poland, killing thousands of people.

However, most of the Mongols returned to Mongolia, retaining their language and culture.

After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty in 1368 the Mongols established their independent regime as Northern Yuan.

The Mongols, in particular the Borjigin, had their holiest Tengriist shrine on Mount Burkhan Khaldun where their ancestor Borte Chinua ( Blue Wolf ) and Goo Maral ( Beautiful Doe ) had given birth to them.