Although Muslim scholars have often debated over who this verse refers to, most classical commentators and modern translators have taken the opinion that this refers to Amram, the father of Moses and Aaron.

Although many hard-line and extremist Muslim societies have adopted capital punishment for other than the crime of murder, this is in violation of the Qur ' anic law mentioned above, and so is rejected by most orthodox commentators and scholars.

While the Qur ' an does not mention the king's name, Muslim commentators have assigned Nimrod as the king based on Jewish sources, namely the Book of Jasher ( 11: 1 and 12: 6 ).

A perceived trend of increasing Islamophobia during the 2000s has been attributed by some commentators to the September 11 attacks, while others associate it with the growing Muslim minorities in the Western world, especially in Western Europe, due to both immigration and somewhat higher fertility rates among some Muslim minority groups.

A perceived trend of increasing Islamophobia during the 2000s has been attributed by some commentators to the September 11 attacks, while others associate it with the rapidly growing Muslim populations in the Western world, especially in Western Europe, due to both immigration and high fertility rate. Moral panics and " racist " campaigns against Muslims have been increasing in Australia since the mid 1990s.

Islamophobia / Islamophilia: Beyond the Politics of Enemy and Friend ( Indiana University Press ; 2010 ) 250 pages ; essays on Islamophobia past and present ; topics include the " neo-Orientalism " of three Muslim commentators today: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Reza Aslan, and Irshad Manji.

Muslim commentators claim that the original Greek word used was periklutos, meaning famed, illustrious, or praiseworthy – rendered in Arabic as Ahmad ; and that this was replaced by Christians with parakletos.

" Other commentators said the ICRC did not recognize the medical and humanitarian use of this Jewish symbol, a Red Shield, alongside the Christian cross and the Muslim crescent.

Muslim commentators assign Nimrod as the king based on Jewish sources.

The timing of the murder, and its consequences — the pregnant Isabella was married off to Henry of Champagne only seven days later, much to the disgust of Muslim commentators — suggest that the chief motive may be sought in Frankish politics.

A few Muslim commentators, such as David Benjamin Keldani ( 1928 ), have argued that the original Greek word used was periklytos, meaning famed, illustrious, or praiseworthy, rendered in Arabic as Ahmad, and that this was substituted by Christians with parakletos.

Some Muslim commentators also spoke of Job as being the ancestor of the Romans.

Nevertheless, his earlier hypercritical Life of Mahomet was used as a poster child by contemporary Muslim commentators — especially by Indian ones connected to the movement of Syed Ahmed Khan — to dismiss all criticism of their society emanating from Western scholars.

A number of journalists and commentators have written that Haz is seen by many as willing to offer support for militant Muslim groups as a way of gaining political support from them.

In his commentary of the Qur ' an, Abul Ala Maududi ( 1903 – 1979 AD ) noted that historically most Muslim scholars had endorsed the identification of Dhul-Qarnayn with Alexander the Great, but recent commentators have forwarded an alternative theory that Dhul-Qarnayn is Cyrus the Great:

The identification of the servant of god with al-Khidir is attested to in traditions from the Prophet, which may be the reason why it is rarely contested by Muslim commentators.

Overall, though, the Muslim commentators demonstrate a remarkable degree of complacency in the face of naskh's more theologically disturbing implications, supremely confident ( as expressed in the following gloss on a famous Ā ' isha hadith ) that whatever the mechanisms used to expurgate or cancel the Divine revelation, what has ultimately come down to us is exactly what Allah intended mankind to have:

Muslim scholars and commentators have seen the Qur ' an's statement of Mary being a " daughter of Amram " as similar to the description of Elizabeth in the Gospel of Luke as being one of the " daughters of Aaron "; they interpret both of these phrases as referring to ancestral fathers, rather than literal fathers.

Some Muslim commentators agree that following the conquest of Fadak, the property belonged exclusively to Muhammad, while several others reject this view.

However, polls have shown that majority of worldwide Muslim wants democracy embedded with Islam and Sharia which is cause of concern for some commentators at the rapid growing Western European Islamic population, the lack of assimilation of said migrants, and that these groups are allegedly potential breeding grounds for terrorists.

:... the Ulama scholars of the four Mathhabs ( Maliki, Hanafi, Shaffie and Hanbali ), the Muhadditheen, and the Tafseer commentators Muslim commentators of the Qur ' an, are agreed that in all Islamic ages, Jihad under this condition becomes Fard Ayn religious obligation upon the Muslims of the land which the Kuffar have attacked and upon the Muslims close by, where the children will march forth without the permission of the parents, the wife without the permission of her husband and the debtor without the permission of the creditor.

A number of classical Muslim scientists and commentators did not believe in the scientific exegesis of the Qur ' an ; Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī ( 973-1048 ), one of the most celebrated Muslim scientists of the classical period, assigned to the Qur ' an a separate and autonomous realm of its own and held that the Qur ' an " does not interfere in the business of science nor does it infringe on the realm of science.

He attempted to explain and provide solutions for the problems faced by Muslim societies through traditional Islamic principles interwoven with and understood from the point of view of modern sociology and philosophy.

He cites the endorsement of pluralism to explain why violent forms of anti-Semitism generated in medieval and modern Europe, culminating in the Holocaust, never occurred in regions under Muslim rule.

Muslim exegetes explain the use of the word masīh in the Quran as referring to Jesus ' status as the one anointed by means of blessings and honors ; or as the one who helped cure the sick, by anointing the eyes of the blind, for example.

Near the end of the twelfth century, the Spanish Muslim astronomer al-Bitrūjī ( Alpetragius ) sought to explain the complex motions of the planets without Ptolemy's epicycles and eccentrics, using an Aristotelian framework of purely concentric spheres that moved with differing speeds from east to west.

Vines initially defended his comments and invited " Muslim scholars to explain their own documents to us all.

The aim of the mission was to introduce Pakistan, to explain the reasons of its creation, to familiarize the Muslim countries with its internal problems, and to get moral and financial support.

Details of the investigation were shared to explain that the arrests were not targeted at the Singapore Muslim community, or Islam.

He asserts that even Muslim scholars find some passages difficult to parse and have written reams of Quranic commentary attempting to explain these passages.

He attempted to explain and provide solutions for the problems faced by Muslim societies through traditional Islamic principles interwoven with and understood from the point of view of modern sociology and philosophy.

Pakistan was created in 1947 expressly as a Muslim state, but when the army took over eleven years later it did so on a wave of mass impatience which was directed in part against the inability of political and religious leaders to think their way through to the meaning of Islam for the modern political situation.

Aristotle was well known among medieval Muslim intellectuals and revered as المعلم الأول-" The First Teacher ".

The title " teacher " was first given to Aristotle by Muslim scholars, and was later used by Western philosophers ( as in the famous poem of Dante ) who were influenced by the tradition of Islamic philosophy.

In consolidating his empire and subduing contending factions he was ably assisted by Nizam ul-Mulk, his vizier, and one of the most eminent statesmen in early Muslim history.

Aga Khan I (; or, less commonly but more correctly (; ), was the title accorded to Hasan Ali Shah (; ; 1804 in Kohak, Iran – 1881 in Bombay, India ), the governor of Kirman, 46th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, and prominent Muslim leader in Iran and later in the Indian Subcontinent.

He was one of the founders and the first president of the All-India Muslim League, and served as President of the League of Nations from 1937-38.

In 1906, the Aga Khan was a founding member and first president of the All India Muslim League, a political party which pushed for the creation of an independent Muslim nation in the north west regions of South Asia, then under British colonial rule, and later established the country of Pakistan in 1947.

Abdallah ibn Yasin was a Gazzula Berber, and probably a convert rather than a born Muslim.

In 1086 Yusuf ibn Tashfin was invited by the taifa Muslim princes of the Iberian Peninsula ( Al-Andalus ) to defend their territories from Alfonso VI, King of León and Castile.

Not long after, Abu Bakr accepted Islam and was the first person outside the family of Muhammad to openly become a Muslim.

Tabari, the most famous Muslim historian, in his Ta ' rikh quotes from Muhammad Bin Sa ' ad Bin Abi Waqqas, who said: " I asked my father whether Abu Bakr was the first of the Muslims.

He said, ' No, more than fifty people embraced Islam before Abu Bakr ; but he was superior to us as a Muslim.

During that time, while studying at Kabul University, Massoud became involved with the Sazman-i Jawanan-i Musulman (" Organization of Muslim Youth "), the student branch of the Jamiat-i Islami (" Islamic Society "), whose chairman then was professor Burhanuddin Rabbani.

Abd-al Latif was well aware of the value of ancient monuments and praised Muslim rulers for preserving and protecting pre-Islamic artifacts and monuments.

Abd al-Rahman I, or, his full name by patronymic record, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu ' awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( 731 – 788 ) ( Arabic: عبد الرحمن الداخل ) was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba ( 755 ), a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries ( including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba ).

Al-Maqqari quotes prior Muslim historians as having recorded that Abd al-Rahman said he was so overcome with fear at that moment, that once he made the far shore he ran until exhaustion overcame him.

Following the Berber Revolt of the 740s, the province was in a state of confusion, with the Muslim community torn by tribal dissensions among the Arabs and racial tensions between the Arabs and Berbers.

In the meantime, a call went out through the Muslim world that al-Andalus was a safe haven for friends of the house of Umayya, if not for Abd al-Rahman's scattered family that managed to evade the Abbasids.

"( Charlemagne's ) army was enlisted to help the Muslim governors of Barcelona and Zaragoza against the Umayyad ( emir ) in Cordoba ..." Essentially Charlemagne was being hired as a mercenary, even though he likely had other plans of acquiring the area for his own empire.

There was a great deal of freedom of interaction between the groups: for example, Sarah, the granddaughter of the Visigoth king Wittiza, married a Muslim man and bore two sons who were later counted among the ranks of the highest Arab nobility.

Whilst in Baghdad, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá composed a commentary at the request of his father on the Muslim tradition of " I was a Hidden Treasure " for a Súfí leader named ` Alí Shawkat Páshá.